I-Biograge
Umlobi waseFrance uHenri Barbus wazalwa, waphila futhi wasebenza ngasekupheleni kwamakhulu eminyaka we-XIX-XX, nge-ENTA, emakwe yizengezimboni, izimpi ezinkulu kanye nokuphakama okusha komhlaba.
Imicimbi emikhulu yaboniswa emsebenzini wombhali: Emhlabeni jikelele, waletha inoveli ye-pacifist "Umlilo", lapho umbhali cishe ophikisana nezinto ezesabekayo, ebona izintshisekelo zekilasi elibusayo kulo.
Ubuntwana nentsha
UHenri Barbus wazalwa ngoMeyi 17, 1873 edolobheni elincane laseFrance e-Annieres Sur-Sen. Ubaba womlobi wesikhathi esizayo u-Adrian Barbus - I-Frenchman, wasebenza njengentatheli, wabhala ukubuyekezwa kweshashalazi ephephandabeni "i-Leècle" ("yekhulu"), wayenemisebenzi eminingana. Umama - u-Annician Anni Benson, washona ngokuzalwa kwengane, lapho umfana eneminyaka engu-3.
Umfelokazi uthumela umntwana osanda kuzalwa u-Anni eNgilandi emfanini wakhe womdabu, kanye nezingane ezindala - uLily noHenri - bathuthela eParis. Lapha umfana wangena eCollen College, lapho afunda khona kusukela ngo-1883 kuya ku-1890. Lapho-ke i-barbus encane yenza isampula yepeni. Ubuqambi buthwala le nsizwa, nangemva kwekolishi, ungena kwikhono lokubhala leSorbonne, liqala ukubheka kokuqala kwezinkondlo, libambe iqhaza emiqhudelwaneni yenkondlo.
Izincwadi nobuntatheli
E-Sorbonne, uHenri wathola imfundo egqamile, ngo-1894 wavikela ukuphikiswa kwakhe kwifilosofi. Futhi ngonyaka olandelayo, iqoqo lezinkondlo zembongi ezincane "amapulangwe" ("ama-pleereeses") ayaphuma, elaliphumelela emibuthanweni emibhalo, eshicilelwe kuma-salon. Barbus abamemezeli abanentshisekelo.
Impumelelo ye-Delive Disetic ephefumulelwe umbhali ngeprosese. Amasampula akhanyayo wobuqambi bokuqala baba amanoveli "athandaze" (1903) ne- "Hell" (1908). Umsebenzi wokugcina waba nokubuyekezwa okuhle kwabagxeki, kanye nesidingo esikhulu sabafundi. Umbhali uhola indaba kusuka ebusweni beParisian encane, ebheka impilo ezungezile ngendwangu ye-keyhole. Ekuvulekeni kwakhe okuqondile, izintambo zenkundla yabanye abantu, injabulo nokuhlupheka, uthando nesizungu kuyakhanya. I-Barrus okokuqala ngqa ukudalula imizwa yabantu ngabo bonke amaqiniso.
"Ngangihlala nginikeza ukubaluleka kokubonakaliswa kwemizwa. Kuphela enhliziyweni, konke kugomela. Lapha kuphela ubuntu bangempela bawo wonke umuntu uvunyelwe, "Lesi isicaphuni somlobi mayelana nenoveli" Esihogweni ".
Ngo-1914, uHenri Barbuse ukhipha iqoqo lenoveli elithi "We", lapho umfundi wethula izindaba zabantu abajwayelekile, kepha abuye abuye abuyele ngentengo yemizwa ephambili, kungaba ngumbhangqwana osekhulile, uyakhumbula ("Inganekwane") noma iMadame Louis eshade nowokuqala ukufika ngemuva kokusuka kothandekayo ("amanje").
Izindaba zeBarbus zifunda ama-paris we-paris, futhi umbhali ngokwakhe usevele waduma kangangokuba wadedelwa empini eya ekuqaleni kwempi yezwe yokuqala. Kodwa-ke, namanje waya ekhonyisa phambili kwango-1914, yize ayeseyishumi leshumi. Umlobi wabhaliswa yiRegiment yeRech Rifle yaseFrance engama-231th French.
Kodwa-ke, nalapha, kulayini ongaphambili, akuhlukaniswa ngepensela nephepha, ukubhala amaza ezalwe ekhanda, umlando wamasosha ajwayelekile afa emehlweni akhe. Futhi iBarbus yayiqonda kakhulu ukuthi lezi zisulu zazingekho egameni lomhlaba, kodwa ngenxa yezintshisekelo ze-capitalism. Impi empandeni yashintsha umbono we-Frenchman waseFrance, futhi imibono nezimiso zezinguquko kanye nezimiso zakhe kuya ngokuya zisezinkulumo nasezincwadini zakhe.
Konke lokhu bekungeke kuthinte umsebenzi wombhali. Inoveli "Umlilo" wabhalwa ngokoqobo ngaphansi kwempande ye-cannonads ngesikhathi esifushane. Izahluko zokuqala ziphrintiwe endlini yokushicilela i-EVR, iBarbus yafunda, ilele esibhedlela. Ngokushesha lapho isimo sezempilo saxoshwa, sesifanelwe umklomelo ophakeme - isiphambano sezempi iqiniso lokuthi wasiza ekukhuthazeleni abalimele abalimele kule nkundla yempi.
Ngesikhathi lapho impi yayihlala khona izingqondo zayo yonke imikhakha yomphakathi, "umlilo" waseRoma wamukelwa njengenganekwane efanelekile. Umlobi akazami ukunxusa okungokoqobo kwezempi, ngokuhlukile, izincazelo zalo zinengqondo kakhulu kangangokuba ziletha umbhali edume nge- "Zol Tren." Omunye waze waqalisa igagasi lokugxekwa ngesitayela samahhala ngokweqile kanye neqiniso lokuthi le ncwadi igcwele iSolder Jorgon.
"Umlilo" waletha indoda ekwaziwayo emhlabeni wonke kanye nomklomelo ohlonishwayo we-Hangovsk (umklomelo ophakeme kakhulu weFrance waseFrance). Le ncwadi yadluliselwa ezilimini eziningana, kufaka phakathi ngesiRussia, le nguqulo yavinjelwa kuphela eJalimane nasemazweni ase-Austria-Hungary.
Ngo-1917, uHenri Barbuse wayengomunye walabo abemukela inguquko eRussia. Ubungani bakhe naleli lizwe buzothwalwa kukho konke impilo yakhe nobuciko bakhe. UmFrance usondelene nomqondo wobuKhomanisi, okuthi, njengoba ayekholelwa, uzosikhulula umhlaba ebubini bobukhosi.
Inoveli entsha, yabhalwa ngo-1920, iBarbus ibizwa ngokuthi "ukucaca". Kulomsebenzi, umbhali ukhombisa isibonelo seqhawe lakhe uSimona, ukuthi izindinganiso zabantu ziphuma kanjani kumhumushi kanye nokuqondanisa okuguqukayo kwenguquko.
Ngo-1923, umbhali ungena ezinhlwini zeqembu lamaKhomanisi aseFrance, abe umsunguli we-Clarit Anti-War Association kanye nomhleli walo magazini wegama elifanayo kanye nozakwabo - umlobi rollyn ofanayo.
Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, iBarbus ikhokha isikhathi esiningi emsebenzini womphakathi: IMIHLANGANO IKomidi Lomhlaba lokulwa nempi ne-fascism, ibamba iqhaza ekunciphiseni izinqola zamazwe alwa impi, isebenza ekuvikeleni ama-antifestos alwa nempi.
Ngo-1924, i-bibliography kaHenri Barbusis ibuyela "izixhumanisi" zaseRoma, umsebenzi omkhulu, lapho umbhali ebonakala ethatha umfundi ekuhambeni kwezinye zezintu, ezihlala zigcwele "izixhumanisi" ezihlukile: Izinkolo, inkululeko, isimilo futhi ekugcineni, ngokufika kwekhulu le-XIX - uhlelo lwenqwaba.
IBarbas First ifike e-USSR ngo-1927, yahlangana nesitalatin, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho yaqala ukusebenza nge-biography yomholi. Ngonyaka olandelayo, umlobi unyathelisa ngake waba abaqoqi abangu-2 - "izingozi" kanye "nezindaba eziyiqiniso". Kule misebenzi futhi kuthola umklomelo ohlonishwayo we-gonorovsky.
Ekupheleni kokuphila, umlobi waphinde wakhanga uhlobo lwenoveli lwenoveli. Ngo-1935, kwashicilelwa omunye wemisebenzi yakhe yokugcina - indaba ethinta inhliziyo "ubumnene". Esiqeshini sensizwa eminyakeni engama-20 eyedlule kwangishiya othandekayo ngentando yabazali bakhe. Le ntombazane ayizange iphinde iphinde ihlukanise, ishiye izinhlamvu azothola iminyaka eminingi kamuva. Ukudlalwa okungenakufa kusaphumelela ezigcawini eziningi zaseshashalazini zomhlaba.
Ngonyaka wokufa komlobi, incwadi ethi "Stalin. Umuntu owembulwa yizwe elisha ngalo, "okwaletha umhlaba isithombe somholi waseSoviet.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
E-biography yombhali kunemininingwane embalwa evela empilweni yomuntu siqu. Ngo-1898, washada no-Elion Mendez - indodakazi yembongi evelele nomlobi wesikhathi sikaKatulle Mendez kanye nomqambi u-Augustus Holmes.
Ubudlelwano ebhangwini lalivumelaniswa. UBarbus wabhala umkakhe cishe nsuku zonke phambi kwezinhlamvu zamathenda. Babengenazo izingane.
Ukushona
UHenri Barbuse ushone ngo-Agasti 30, 1935 eMoscow evela ku-Pneumonia. Enhlokodolobha yase-USSR, wafika, esevele egula kakhulu, ukuhlanganyela kwenye yengqungquthela futhi asebenze ngezincwadi ezintsha (ngokuya ngenguqulo efanayo, wasebenza nge-biography yaseLenin, ngakolunye - wabhala impilo yesibili ka-stalin).
Umlobi wangcwatshwa emathuneni "ngoLashhez" eParis. Cabanga ngomlobi ogcina ukuvumela inhlokodolobha yonke yaseFrance. Ethuneni leBarbus, isikhumbuzo esivela ku-Pink Marble (Rhodonite) esithunyelwe esivela eRussia sasungulwa.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1903 - "Ukuthandaza"
- 1908 - "Isihogo"
- 1914 - "We"
- 1916 - "Umlilo"
- 1920 - "Ukucacisa"
- 1924 - "Izixhumanisi"
- 1928 - Izigameko "
- Ngo-1928 - "Izindaba Ezineqiniso"
- 1935 - "Isisa"