I-Biograge
UJohnny Cash ungumculi waseMelika, iGuitarist, umbhali wezingoma, umlingisi, ubuciko bakhe obuhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi zezitayela zomculo nezinkomba, okuyinhloko kwalo kwakuyizwe, idwala kanye ne-blues. Umnikazi weVelvet Bariton waduma ngezingoma ezinikezelwe empilweni yabantu abajwayelekile, kanye namaphrojekthi ahlanganyelwe abaculi abakhulu besikhathi: U-Elvis Lee Lewis, uTom Perty, uTorl Perty, uTarl Perty, uTarl Perty.Ubuntwana nentsha
UJohnny Cash wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 26, 1932 edolobheni laseKingland, e-Arkansas, emndenini omkhulu we-Anglo-Scotland umfula omkhulu we-ray ukheshi kanye noCarrie Carrery Rivers.
Ngo-1935, lapho uJohnny eneminyaka engu-3 ubudala, abazali bahlala eDaisas eKoloni elisha elenzelwe ukusiza imindeni empofu yaseMelika. UCashi wayeqashiswe ipulazi nesakhiwo sezwe, ngakho-ke eneminyaka engu-5 uMculi wesikhathi esizayo waqala ukusebenza emasimini kakotini nabafowabo nodadewabo. Ubunzima bezomnotho nalomuntu siqu ngaleso sikhathi baba izingqikithi zezingoma eziningi zikaJohnny Cash, baye bakha umuzwa wokuzwelana nabantu abampofu abangajabuli.
Entwasahlobo yango-1944, emndenini kaRay noCarrie, kwenzeke inhlekelele, indodana endala uJack yafa ku-sawmill. UJohnny wasondelana kakhulu nomfowabo futhi wabona kakhulu ukulahleka kwakhe, kamuva wakhuluma ngomuzwa omubi wecala, owavivinywa ngenxa yalokho okwenzekile, nangephupho lokuhlangana noJack ezulwini.
Le mizwa, i-cache encane, ivezwe ekuzibeni komculo wokuqala ngesitayela seVangeli, ebhalwe futhi igcwaliswe ngaphansi kwesigingci iminyaka eyi-12 esiteshini somsakazo sendawo. Kamuva, umculi wakhipha i-albhamu yezingoma zevangeli lendabuko ebizwa ngokuthi i- "Book of Hymn of Mama", eyayihlanganisa eminye yemiculo yakhe yokuqala.
Ekupheleni kwesikole esiphakeme, uJohnny washiya epulazini waya ukuyofuna umsebenzi. Ehlobo lika-1950, wangena empini embuthweni wamasosha e-US Air Force waya eJalimane njengengxenye yeRadio Troops Division. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-cache yadala iphrojekthi yomculo wokuqala "amaBarbarians we-WAMSBERG", ayekhona ngaphambi kokuphela komsebenzi wakhe emabuthweni ahlomile ngo-1954.
Umculo
Ngo-1954, i-cache yahlala eMemphis. Ukuphupha ukungena emsakazweni, phakathi nosuku asebenza khona njengomthengisi, futhi ebusuku aphindaphindeka nabangane. UJohnny ngezingoma zakhe zeVangeli ehamba kaningi ngocwaningo, kodwa wayengenandaba nabakhiqizi abathi ivangeli selivele lingasebenzi. Njengoba senze iziphetho futhi aguqule indlela yomculo, ngokushesha imali yathola impumelelo kumarekhodi elanga, lapho ama-highs okuqala akhala "futhi ekhala! Khala! Khala! " Ngesitayela se-rocabilly yangasese.
Umculi waphetha inkontileka nelebula waqala ukudala ngaphansi kwephiko lomsunguli wakhe, uSam Phillips. NgoDisemba 4, 1956 esitudiyo, lapho uJohnny Cash, uKarl Perkins noJerry Liuis, basebenza kumaphrojekthi akhe, bagxumela ama-Elvis Presley futhi banikela ngabaculi ukuba bangiboleke. USam waphenduka kancane imishini futhi waqopha ujamu, wabulawa yinkanyezi, eshicilelwe yi-Quartet yamadola ayisigidi.
Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe- "Folsom Team Blues" amapuleti ", i" Ngihamba ngomugqa "futhi" Ikhaya le-Blues "Cache baba ngumculi othengiswa kakhulu weSun Records Studio, wangena emashadi aphezulu angama-20 athandwayo ezwe. Ngo-1958, lapho uPhillips ethanda uJerry Lee Lewis, ukheshi washiya umkhiqizi waqala ukubambisana no "Columbia Record".
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-60, umculi wabuka izwe nomndeni kaCarter owenza umculo wezwe. Ukuze ungalahlekelwa umsebenzi kumakhonsathi ngesikhathi sokuvakasha, isilondolozi saqala ukuthatha izivuseleli futhi ekugcineni sathola ukuncika kwezidakamizwa, okwakuvumelana nokulutha kwezidakamizwa.
Naphezu kokwethuka nokulahleka okuyingxenye kokuzilawula, uJohnny waqhubeka nokukhiqiza ukushaya. Iculo lakhe elithi "I-Ring of Fire" lithathe izihloko zamashadi aseMelika futhi langena kuma-20-ku ezingoma ezinhle kakhulu ezisezingeni lomhlaba.
Maphakathi nawo-1960s, i-cache yadalwa izinyembezi ezibabayo: ama-ballads e-American Indian, anikezelwe olimini lwabantu bomdabu baseMelika abacindezelwe nguhulumeni. Kuze kube ngu-2011, leli rekhodi lalithathwa njengelahlekile, kepha ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwencwadi ethi Mayelana ne-biography kanye nomsebenzi womculi, amarekhodi atholakala futhi abuyiselwe. Kwaziwa ukuthi izingoma ezi-3 zazingekheshi, enye azenzela ngokubambisana noJohnny Horton, kanti abanye badale uPeter La Compory.
Ngo-1967, ngemuva kwesehlukaniso esibuhlungu nonkosikazi wokuqala, indlela yokuziphatha yenqolobane yaphela ekugcineni. Waphuza kakhulu, evame ukusetshenziselwa izidakamizwa ezenqatshelwe, izinkulumo ezikhanseliwe. Imvuselelo yakhe yenzeka ngesikhathi sokurekhoda i-duet "jackson" kanyekanye nomculi wezwe uJun Carter. Ingoma yanqoba izilaleli nabagxeki futhi yanikezwa umklomelo woGrammy.
Ukukhanyiselwa kwahlala isikhathi eside, ngasekupheleni kuka-1967, amaphoyisa aseGeorgia State abopha i-cache ukugcinwa kwezidakamizwa. Emva kobusuku obuchithwa ejele, umculi wazihlanza ezandleni zakhe futhi wanakekela umsebenzi wakhe: wakhuluma eCanada, wavuselela uchungechunge lwamakhonsathi ejele, waqala ngasekupheleni kwama-albhamu aphumelelayo "UJohnny Cash ejele leFolcom kanye ne-" Johnny Cash eSan Quentin ". Ukuthengisa kwalawa ma-disc kushaya irekhodi leBeatles futhi kufinyelelwe amakhophi ayizigidi eziyi-6.5.
Ngokusekelwa komculo womculo ngo-1969, uJohnny Cash udale eyakhe ithelevishini kwinethiwekhi ye-ABC. Abahlanganyeli abahlala njalo bephrojekthi yiqembu elithi "The Stitterler Brothers" iqembu, iqembu lomndeni laseCarter kanye nenganekwane yeRocabilly Karl Perkins. Njengabavakashi, uJohnny wacela abaculi abathandwayo uNile Yang, uLouis Armstrong, uRoy Orbison, uBob Dilan nabanye.
Ngawo-1970s, ukwahlulela ngesithombe, isithombe somphakathi se-cache sakhiwa ekugcineni. Ebusheni bakhe, ngoba umlutha wezingubo ezimnyama, wabizwa ngokuthi "ultrasher", kodwa wazibheka njenge- "ndoda emnyama". Ngo-1971, uJohnny wabhala iculo elithi "indoda emnyama", lapho achaza khona ikhodi yakhe yokugqoka njengomuntu olila umholi owazalwa abampofu, elambile, egula kanye nabanye abantu abangajabule.
Maphakathi nawo-1970s, ukuthandwa kwenqolobane kwasuka lapho kwehla. Umdlali ohlelwe ngezentengiso eziningana, wakhipha incwadi ye-autobiographical, edlalwa esiqeshini sochungechunge oludumile "Colombo".
Ubudlelwano bakhe ne-studio "amarekhodi ama-columbia" awohloka, kwathi ngo-1986 isilondolozi sabuya saya eSudio. Lapho, wayehlangene noRoy Orbison, uJerry Lewis noKarl Perkins ukudala i-albhamu "isigaba se-'55", ngemuva kwalokho ukuqashelwa kwezilaleli kubuyiselwe kuJohnny.
Abadlali baseBrithani uMark Riley noJohn Langford bakhipha izingoma ze-cache yezenkokhiso ezingeni lokuthathwa kwezimali zaseNdiya-Rock. Umculi ngokwakhe wabamba iqhaza embhalweni we-albhamu "Zooropa" yiqembu elidumile lase-Ireland u2. Emkhampalini uToma Petty futhi "abaphula inhliziyo", umculi bakhipha irekhodi elithi "elingatholakali", elinqoba uGrammy ngo-1998.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990s, i-cache yathola isifo sikashukela kanye ne-neuropative. Umculi wehlise inani lezinkulumo, cishe wawushiya uhambo. Noma kunjalo, uJohnny wathola amandla okuqopha ama-albhamu amasha. I- "American IV" Record Record iwine ukuthandwa okukhethekile, lapho umculi enziwa khona ngenguqulo ebekiwe yezingoma ezidumile "ezilimazayo" izinzipho eziyisishiyagalolunye ne- "Jesus Jesus" Depeche Mode.
Ngo-2000-2002, i-cache yabhala izingoma ezingama-60, yabamba iqhaza kumbukiso womndeni weCarter. Inkulumo yomphakathi yokugcina yomculi yenzeka ngoJulayi 5, 2003, lapho, khona, ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwendandatho yoMlilo, wafunda isikhalo esithinta umfazi emfanini osemuva osanda kushona, eveza ithemba lokuthi uzoxhuma naye "phakathi kwezulu."
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kwezempi, uJohnny Cash wahlangana neVivian Librato. Intsha ichithe amasonto ama-3 ukuhlala ngaphambi kokusuka komculi wesikhathi esizayo kuya eJalimane. Eminyakeni engu-3 elandelayo, uJohnny noVivian bashintshana ngezincwadi zothando ezinothando, futhi inyanga ngemuva kokubuya kwenqolobane yebutho bashada. Umshado wenzeka ngo-Agasti 7, 1954 eSontweni LamaRoma Katolika eSan Antonio.
Ngo-1961, umndeni osemusha wathuthela eCalifornia wahlala endaweni yabafana nabazali bakaCash, owahola imikhumbi ye-trailer, ongowomculi. Ngaleso sikhathi, uJohnny wayengumlutha wotshwala nezidakamizwa, okuvame ukuholela ekubhuleni ama-ejensi okuqinisa umthetho wendawo kanye nekhefu lomndeni.
Ngo-1966, uVivian wafakelwa isehlukaniso, ngoba wayengeke akwazi ukuqeda imikhuba yobungozi yomyeni wakhe, uHotani kanye nobudlelwano nabanye besifazane. Abashadikazi baphambukela ngo-1967, kanti uLiberto bathola isigcino esingamadodakazi angaphezu kwa-4 ahlala nonina.
Unkosikazi wesibili we-cache wawungumculi wezwe ovelele jun Carter, umculi wahlangana naye ngesikhathi somsakazo we-Grand Ole Opry. Ngo-1968, umculi wenza isiphakamiso sabakwabashade naye, kwathi ngoMashi 1 wonyaka bashada. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, umbhangqwana unendodana kaJohn Carter Cash, okwakungukuphela kwengane uJohnny noJun.
Abalingani imali baqala ukusebenza ngokubambisana, impi yabo yokudala yayikhona ngokuthela iminyaka engama-35. UCarter wazama ukumxosha umyeni wakhe emqondweni owesabekayo, wathatha i-Amphitheanne wabageza waya endlini yangasese. Wahlala noJohnny ezinsukwini zokwelashwa esuka ekuthathweni kwezidakamizwa, efeza imisebenzi yomhlengikazi. Umlando wempilo yabo eyabiwe wawukhonjiswa ngemuva kwefilimu le-Biographical "Hambisa Umugqa".
Ukufa kukaMey ngoMeyi 15, 2003 kwaba ngenye yezinhlekelele ezinkulu empilweni kaJohnny Cash.
Ukushona
Ngemuva kokushona komlingani wakhe amthandayo, impilo ebonakalayo kaJohnny Cash yaba yimbi. Washisa kakhulu ekulahlekelweni isikhathi. Ekuqaleni kokuwa kuka-2003, umculi wawela esibhedlela SaseBaptist eNashville ngokuhlaselwa kwesifo sikashukela.
Odokotela abakwazanga ukusiza umculi odumile, ngoSepthemba 12, 2003, kufa ukheshi. Imbangela yokufa yaba yizinkinga zokugula kwakhe. UJohnny wasinda kumkakhe izinyanga ezi-4 kuphela. Wangcwatshwa eceleni kweJoon eHendersonville, kude nendlu yabaculi.
Ngokunikeza inkokhiso kuMboniso Omkhulu kanye nosonkontileka, abangane bakaCash bakhiphe ama-albhamu ama-2 ntambama, okubandakanya izingoma zemigwaqo yamuva: "I-American V: Izindlela eziphakeme" kanye "ne-American VI: ayiyona ithuna".
Ukwakhelekile
- 1959 - "Imali Emnandi KaJohnny"
- Ngo-1962 - "Bonke Bonke Isitimela Esiluhlaza"
- Ngo-1966 - "Ujabule wena"
- Ngo-1968 - "Ukusuka olwandle kuya olwandle olucwebezelayo"
- 1977 - "" I-Ballad yokugcina yesibhamu "
- 1980 - "Rockabilly Blues"
- Ngo-1988 - "Imali Yasendulo: IHholo Lomdumo Uchungechunge"
- 1996 - "Akufumukelwe"
- 2000 - "I-American III: Indoda Edwa"
- 2002 - "I-American IV: Indoda iza nxazonke"
- 2010 - "I-American VI: Akunacala"