Umlando Wemilingiswa
Isimo sezinganekwane zakudala ezazithengile eNetherlands naseJalimane. I-TRAMP ne-Plut, emisebenzini yesikhashana yaphenduka iqhawe leli, uphawu lokumelana neNetherlands yiSpanishi ubukhosi baseSpain.Umlando Wemvelaphi
Ekuqaleni, u-tol ullenspigel kwakuyiqhawe lamahlaya amaningi nezinkondlo ze-saterical-shvankov, ezazithandwa eNetherlands naseJalimane. Lesi isithombe esihlangene samavesi, i-balaguore kanye nama-vagabonds, afana ne-Muslim hoja NASREDDINA.
Lesi sithombe saba yingxenye yesibalo sabantu baseFlemish nesiJalimane ngekhulu le-XIV, futhi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XVI, kwavela incwadi ephrintiwe ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Ukujabulisa Umsebenzi kuPluto Tile ...", lapho kwaqala khona abantu babantu I-Ulynspigel yaqoqwa futhi yasebenza ngokubhala. Igama lale ncwadi aliziwa. Maduze nje kunohlobo olufanayo lwencwadi yamakhemikhali eFlemishya. Ngisho nangemva kwalokho, ukuhumusha kwaleli qoqo ngesiNgisi, isiFulentshi, isiLatini nezinye kwavela nezinye izilimi.
UTil kusuka ku-Folk Legends ungumsakazo othokozayo oziphatha njengeqhawe elihle nesampula okufanele alilingise. Kwenye yeziqephu, isimilo, ngokwesibonelo, sibonisa abalimi baKhe Abalimi. Umlingisi womlingiswa ukhombisa isibongo sakhe, esiqukethe amagama amabili olimi lwe-mednerenememememesky.
I-Spieegel ngokwesiko ihunyushwa ngokuthi "isibuko", kepha leli gama linenani elithi "imbongolo", futhi u-Ulen yisenzo "sokuhlanza", "geza". Kuliqiniso, "okuhle" kwegama legama legama le-Hero "UndensshPigel" njengoba "isibuko sezikhova" sivame kakhulu, ngoba umlingisi osesikweni uboniswe nesikhova nesibuko ezandleni.
Prototype kanye nomlingiswa
Ezincwadini ze-Medieval Folk, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi leli qhawe lingumuntu ongumlando wangempela. Kusolwa ukuthi, indoda egama layo linguTil Ulenenspigel yazalelwa endaweni yakwa-1300 ezweni laseKnitylingen eLower Saxony. Wayephila ngezinyawo, wayesemazweni aseBelgium, eJalimane naseNetherlands. Lapho eneminyaka engamashumi amahlanu efa edolobheni laseJalimane laseMölln elivela esibabaza. Kodwa-ke, lezi zitatimende azisekelwa yibuphi ubufakazi bokuthi lo muntu noma ofanayo wayekhona ngokoqobo.
Isithombe se-Uilenspigel sithathwa njengokuvalwa kweNguquko, ngoba izenzo zeqhawe zihlose ukugconwa futhi zibukele phansi izisekelo zomhlaba wezinzalamizi ze-Middle Ages. Til - i-tramp, ukungamukeli impilo ethile. Iqhawe lihlala lihlaselwa njengabalimi kanye nezakhamizi, lifaka umoya wokuzibusa kanye nokwakhe.
Izinganekwane zabantu zihlukile kunenoveli yakamuva ngethayili le-ullenenspigel, ebhalwe nguCharlay de Bosier. Amaqhawe amasha avela kwinoveli, eyayingeyona ezintweni zokuqala zabesifazane, ngokwesibonelo, uGudzak Lamme, umngani kaTila. Futhi isithombe senhlabathi ngokwaso sihlukile ku-Folklore.
I-biography kaTila eRomance of the Koster yenzeka ngokulwa nesizinda semicimbi, eyenzeka eNetherlands ngekhulu le-XVI. Indawo yokuzalwa kweqhawe yidolobha laseDamme eFlanders. Ubaba kaTil - Claus Coal. Ngokuhlangana okungahleliwe ngosuku olulodwa neqhawe, uFiliphu wazalwa esesibili, inkosi yesikhathi esizayo yaseSpain. Ingane ezelwe yinhlonipho ikhula ingane enokhahlo negwala, kanti uSessenger Til ungumfana onesibindi - umsolwa onesibindi onenhliziyo enomusa nobukhulu obukhulu.
I-Til ikhula ngokuhamba nge-freestyle futhi ayibambeli ulimi ngemuva kwamazinyo, futhi iSonto lamaKhatholika liphethwe ezweni, amandla angelokuqala kwaseSpain. Iqhawe ngenxa yemvelo engalawulwa futhi yothando lwenkululeko, memezela ukwahlulela futhi igwetshwa ukudingiselwa kusuka kuFlanders isikhathi esiyiminyaka emithathu.
UTila unentombi - uNya, futhi umama ogama lakhe linguKatrin. Le catwin ivela ukuthi ibe sezandleni zemibuzo ngamacala obuthakathi bese ihlanya ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa. Kuze kube manje, ivuka umhlaba futhi ithola amakhono okukhwabanisa onobunzima. Leli qhawe lithola iholide lakhe lezono, futhi limnika ithuba lokuya ekhaya.
Ngaphambi kokubuya kukaTila, uYise weqhawe - uKlaas uboshwa. Umakhelwane, uRybnik ogama lakhe linguYost. UClasa usolwa ngokuhlubuka futhi avutha ngomlilo, futhi umama weqhawe uyafa. UTil uqoqa umlotha, asele endaweni yesehlakalo sokubulawa kukababa, ubeka isikhwama futhi agqoke esifubeni. Umama okhathazekile weNela uxhumana nemimoya, futhi uTili unxusa owesifazane ukuthola izeluleko, ukuze abonise iqhawe, ukuthi angasindisa kanjani izwe elivela enyameni labaseSpain. Umama we-NYA uthumela i-tile nendodakazi eholidini lasentwasahlobo, emimoyeni yomhlaba. Amakha athambekele ekufuneni izinhlamvu eziyisikhombisa.
Ngokubambisana nentombazane, i-nyla kanye nomngane we-lamme, onamafutha amnandi, kuze kube sekufuneni eziyisikhombisa. Inkampani isemazweni, futhi uLamme ngesikhathi esifanayo ezama ukuthola umkakhe ophonsa. EFlanders, okwamanje, ukuvuselelwa kweziphathimandla zaseSpain kuyakhanya. U-Unenzpigel ujoyina izihlubuki futhi uhlanganyele ezimpini nabaseSpain.
Kamuva, ebuyela edolobheni laseDamme, iqhawe lifunda ukuthi impisi ethile yazingelwa yizakhamizi. Kuvela ukuthi ngaphansi kweWolf Ficat, uRybnik yy, owabika kuYise kaTille. Manje i-IOSE igwetshwe ukubulawa.
UTil ubandakanyeka ezimpini zasolwandle futhi uphenduke abe yicala elinekhono. UPlut ukhombisa ukuhlonishwa lapho, ngokwesibonelo, ezama ukungaphazamisa iziboshwa zezindela zamaKatolika, ukholo lukabani olungaboni nakanjani uzwela lomuntu siqu. Lo mthetho awukufanelekeli iqhawe lempilo, kepha uNela umemezela isifiso sakhe sokuthatha ama-Tille kubayeni bakhe kuneqhawe lempilo abasindayo. Amaqhawe alandelayo ashiya inkonzo emikhunjini.
Kungenzeka ukuthola izinhlamvu eziyisikhombisa ngosizo lwamafutha omlingo. Kuyavela ukuthi kungumfanekiso, futhi ayisikhombisa, ababonayo ephusheni, kungukucabanga kwezono ezifayo. I-til yawela ephusheni lomlingo ibonakala ishonile, futhi abaphikisi bazama ukungcwaba iqhawe. Kodwa-ke, kukhethwe i-TIL ethuneni okwamanje lapho umpristi emukelwa ukuze afunde umthandazo ngokuzumayo.
Til ulynspigel kusiko
Eminyakeni ye-XIX Century, Izindaba ze-Folklore ezikhuluma ngeTile zidlula ukwelashwa okubhaliwe ngaphansi kwepeni lomlobi waseBels de Koste, oshicilele i-Tile Ulynspigel noLamme Goodzak, adventures yabo - ehlekisayo eFlanders nakwamanye amazwe ". Izothando linikezwa ukutolika kothando lwesithombe sethayili. Kusukela ngekhulu le-XIV, umlingiswa "udluliswa" ku-XVI, lapho kuba uphawu lokumelana nabantu baseFlanders ekubuseni kwabaseSpain.
Incwadi ethi De Koster ishintshe umbono wesithombe sikaTila engqondweni yokufunda komphakathi. Umlingisi waqala ukuhlobana nomqondo we-poooulue wokuhamba kwezinguquko kwehase, eyamelana nohulumeni waseSpain eNetherlands nasePhumo lamaKatolika.
Ngokwakha inoveli yakho, umbhali wasebenzisa imininingwane, ethathwe emlandweni wakudala, futhi waheha umbhalo wababhali bekhulu le-XVI ecaleni. Futhi ukuhunyushwa kukaDe Koster ngokwakhe wabe wenza isisekelo seqoqo lemisebenzi yezemibhalo neyamiculo, imidlalo nama-movie.
UGregory Gorin ngo-1970 wabhala ngesisekelo sencwadi ethi Izingcezu zezincwadi "Uthando nguTil", yimuphi umqondisi uMark Zakharov ngo-1975 ebeka endaweni yeseshashalazi yaseMoscow "Lenk".
Ngo-1976, uchungechunge lwamafilimu "inganekwane ye-tile" yaphuma e-Mosfilm filmil studio yesikhathi esisele semizuzu engama-405. I-Ribbon isuse uMqondisi uVladimir Naumov no-Alexander Alov, futhi babhala futhi umbhalo wefilimu e-duet. Umlingisi we-Estonia uLembit Ulfsak wadlala indima kaTil Ulebitegeleel, noValentin Grachev.
Ifilimu yaphuma ezingxenyeni ezimbili, futhi ingxenye ngayinye iqukethe iziqephu ezimbili. Ingxenye yokuqala ibizwa ngokuthi "umlotha weClasa". Isimo - Netherlands, egcekeni lekhulu le-XVI. Izwe lingaphansi kokubusa kwenkosi yaseSpain. Abantu bendawo banenkululeko futhi bajabule, kepha abahlaseli bazodalula abantu ukuba bashushiswe futhi bahlukunyezwe, bazungeze amaBasemen, futhi ubunqunu obungcwele bomlilo. Abalingiswa abaphambili - UTil noNela - bazobe besabi ngesilinganiso sovivinyo.
Ingxenye yesibili yefilimu ibizwa ngokuthi "Kudala bukhoma!". Intela engenakubekezeleleka, ukushushiswa kwezihloko kanye nezinqumo ezinonya zenkosi yaseSpain kwaletha iNetherlands kusibambo, futhi baphakamisa ukuvukelwa ngumvuzo wokuphonsa ama-IGO Spain. Abalingiswa abaphambili lapha bangu-Ulynspigel noGudzak Lamme, umngani wakhe othembekile.
Umbhalo wawususelwa kumaRoma Charles de Koster. Ukuhlunga kwefilimu kubanjelwe edolobheni lasePoland of GDAnsk nase-Estonia Tallinn, lapho kungenzeka khona ukukhombisa kahle isimo esibusayo emadolobheni asendulo amaFlanders amaFlanders. Lezi zigcawu ezinengxenye yedolobha eligcwele izikhukhula futhi itheku lamaDashi lahlungwa eJurmala, emlonyeni womfula iLieleup (Latvia).
Ukukhishwa kwefilimu okokuqala kwamaRoma de Koste kwabuya ngo-1956 futhi kwafakwa inkanyezi eFrance naseNetherlands nguMqondisi weDashi uJoris Inzz. Izindima ezinkulu zenziwa amaFulentshi: UTille Ulenzpigel udlale umlingisi uGerard uFiliphu, nomngane wakhe uLamme - uJean karma.
Isithombe sikaTila Ulenenspigel uphefumulele kaninginingi abaculi nabaqambi. Eminyakeni yama-90 yekhulu lamashumi amabili, iqembu labantu baseRussia lalikhona, elalithatha igama leqhawe njengegama. Iqembu elithi "TIL ULENSHigel" lenze ama-ballads "ngokunambitheka okuphakathi" futhi kwahlukana ngo-1999. Owayekade eyisiculi evela kuleli qembu angene ekwakhiweni kokuqala kweqembu elidumile. Phakathi kwazo kwakukhona uHelavis (uNatalia O'Shov), onjengengxenye ye- "Til" waqala umsebenzi womculo.
Ngo-1985, abaqambi uNikolai Karetnikov noPavel Lungin baqeda umsebenzi ku-Opera "Til Ulenenspigel". Opera waqala wafakwa eJalimane esiteji seBielefeld Opera House ngo-1993. Ngaphambi kwalapho, ngo-1988, kwaqoshwa irekhodi e-USSR, lapho kudlalwa khona i-boris kudryavtsev.
Amacaphuna
"Umlotha we-Clasa ungqongqoza enhliziyweni yami." "Angiphili ngenxa yesando, ubhiya nezinduna, kodwa ngenxa yenkululeko! Hhayi isisu esinamafutha asindise izwe lakubo, futhi nesibindi sokuziqhenya. Futhi ngeqiniso lokuthi kuthathwe kabi kuze kube yilapho kufa ngokufa "." Akunasidingo sokuphakamisa isiphetho, ngoba akukho lutho oluhle kakhulu kunokuba luzulazule futhi lubekezelele isidingo senkululeko! "Ifilimu "Legend of Tile" (1976)
"- Kuyini ngesihlakala esikhulu? - Kubuza uNel. "Lesi yisisulu sempilo yomshado," kuchaza u-Ulynspigel. "Ubezoma osizini, njenge-apula esitofini, uma kungawusekeli amandla akhe ngokutholwa okuqhubekayo."UCharles de Bosier, "inganekwane ye-unongenspigel"