I-Biograge
U-Octavian Agasti ungumsunguli woMbuso WaseRoma, owakwazi ukwakha isimo esinamandla. Ngesikhathi seBhodi yalombusi, isivumelwano esisha sasizala uJesu Kristu. Ngaphansi kobuholi be-Octaviana, amaRoma ahlala iminyaka engama-45. I-biography yombusi, umphathi kanye ne-reformer igcwele amaqiniso athakazelisayo, futhi impilo yomuntu siqu igcwele i-peripetia.Ubuntwana nentsha
Igama langempela le-Octavian Agasti - Guy Oktavi furin. Umfana ubengumphumela ovela esimweni sabalinganayo, emndenini ohlonishwayo. Ogogo nomkhulu wakhe bashiya inzalo ilifa elicebile, babonga ngenxa yebhizinisi lasebhange. U-Octavian Augustus wayengenabuhlobo nabasezingeni lomphakathi. Abaphikisi be-EMBEROR babevame ukumkhumbuza nge-pedigree, ebonakala isikhundla sombusi njengesihlalo sobukhosi esingafanele.
Ngokuya kwamarekhodi wesazi-mlando saseSvetonia, u-Octavi wazalwa ngo-63 BC. Igama eliphakeme ngo-Agasti, isihloko sombusi esifanayo, athola ku-27 BC. Lapho eneminyaka engu-5, octavia balahlekelwa nguyise, umbusi eMakedoniya ngaleso sikhathi. Umama womfana, udadewabo uJulia Caesar, uphinde washada naye uFicia Filiphu.
Kuhlobene nobudlelwano obuye baba yisisekelo kuma-biographies okuphathelene nombusi we-rome wesikhathi esizayo. Le nsizwa yamthanda lo mbusi obusebuso, owayenaye umalume. Ukusuka ezandleni zakhe, u-Octavian wathola imiklomelo yezempi, isihloko sikaPatricia noPontif. Njengoba uKhesari ayengenazo zingane, wamukela isilwane futhi wawenza umnikazi we-Octavia umnikazi wendawo iningi lempahla eyakhe, indlalifa eyiyo kanye nomenzi wesicelo.
Ku-44 BC UKhesari wabulawa. Ngaleso sikhathi u-Octavius wayengumfundi e-Apollonia amahlandla. Lapho esefundile ngomcimbi obuhlungu, wabuyela e-Italy wanquma ukusebenziseka ngelungelo lefa. Ummangali wamandla wawuneminyaka engu-18 ubudala, akazange axhumane, idumela kanye nesipiliyoni esidingekayo, kanti imbangi yakhe eyinhloko kwakunguMark Anthony Anthony. Njengoba wabela imali kanye nemilando yalowo owayengumbusi wangaphambili, wancoma ngokuqinile u-Octavia ukuthi angabali esihlalweni sobukhosi.
U-Octavian Augustus akazange abonise imvukutha futhi akazange abuyele emuva. Uzimemezela ngendlalifa yalowo owayengunkosi wangaphambili, wathatha igama lakhe, wanikeza abantu imali eyabanikeza ubaba wokutholwa futhi wahlela imidlalo yokuhlonipha ukunqoba kukaKhesari. Njengoba esebekwe ekusekelweni nguCicero, owayenentshisekelo yakhe ekuthuthukiseni insizwa, u-Octavian wabiza impi futhi wamemezela impi eMarca Anthony. Isenethi ilalele umbono kaCicero futhi yaqaphela i-senator encane. U-Anthony wanqotshwa.
Ibhodi nempi
Ku-43 BC. I-Octavian yathola isihloko se-Consul. Wathola amandla adingekayo wamemezela ababulali bakababa ngaphandle komthetho. Ngesivumelwano noMark Anthony noMark Emily Lepidov, amandla ahlukaniswe abathathu. Amadoda abe yi-triumvir enegunya eliphakeme kakhulu. U-Octavian e-Anithony waya eMakedoniya ukuze aziphindisele kuBruut neCassia, enecala lokuthola uzungu nokufa kukaKhesari.
Ku-42 BC Ns. U-Anthony waqala ukuphatha izifundazwe zaseMpumalanga, futhi u-Octavian wabuyela e-Italy. Ngemuva konyaka, wajoyina impi nePeresia, izihlobo zabaphikisi bakhe abuyayo. Ingxabano yahlonishwa ngokubuyisana kwamaqembu futhi ishade no-Anthony kudadewabo ka-Octia. Ukungezwani kobudlelwano kanye nokungqubuzana ezindabeni zamandla nakho kuthathelwa indawo yi-truce emfushane. Ku-38, i-triumvirate iphelelwe yisikhathi, kepha ababambiqhaza bandisa isenzo sakhe eminye iminyaka emi-5. Ngalesi sikhathi, u-Octavian Agasti wayenesikhundla esihle kakhulu futhi wayengumkhuzi. Ubuye wathola isihloko se-Tribune.
Ezandleni zombusi wesikhathi esizayo zigxile emandleni phezu kwentshonalanga nasempumalanga yezwe. Izenzo zempi eziphumelelayo ngo-35-33. BC. waqinisa isikhundla sakhe. U-Octavian wanquma ukuphikisana noMark Anthony, ngaleso sikhathi owawusondele kakhulu eCleopatra. Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwalesi sikhathi seminyaka emi-5 esimisiwe sekuye kwaba ukubulala u-Anthony. AmaNtaliyane ayeqonda ukuthi aphatha ukuheha uthando, u-Octaviana Augustus wafunga.
Ngo-31. G. BC. Kwamenyezelwa impi neCleopter. Ibutho lendlovukazi kanye nomphikisi ohlulekile. Ngemuva kokuvela kwe-Octavian e-Alexandria, u-Anthony noCleopatra bazibulala. IGibhithe lalithunjelwe u-Octavian Augustus. Lokhu kufinyelelwa kanye nokunqotshwa kwe-Illyry nezenzo ngonyaka owedlule, uMbusi wagujwa eRoma.
Kusukela ngo-31, u-Oktavian wayekhethwe njalo kwi-Consulate, kodwa kwakudinga ukuzithoba ngokungafanele ngesifungo esitholwe ngaphambili kubantu. Umbusi ubuyekeze izimo zokuqokwa kwe-triumvirata, wazenzela ukubalwa kwabantu kwabantu futhi waxoshwa eSenate egcwele abantu ababengamjabulisi. Ubuye futhi waqala ukukhokhelwa kwezimo ezifundazweni.
U-Oktavian oneminyaka eyi-10 u-Oktavian wabusa iSyria, iGibhithe, iSpain neGallia, futhi waba nelungelo lokumemezela impi futhi angenele izivumelwano. Njenge-Oktavian Commander, oktavian wahola cishe amabutho ayisikhombisa. Ubuso bombusi obunjiwe ngezinhlamvu zemali nalomvikeli "wenkululeko yabantu baseRoma". Ezifundeni ezisentshonalanga, umbusi usungule ukuxhumana nezizwe ezingaphansi.
Ngeminyaka eminingi yokuthola u-Octavian Augustus, ukungeneliseki ngezimbangi ezingaba khona kwaqubuka kaningi. Ngo-23, ingozi yokuthola uzungu ngokumele umbusi wavuka. Wenqabile okuthunyelwe kwe-Consul futhi kamuva akazange athi yena, ngaphandle kwezikhathi ezimbili. Kusuka ku-22 kuye ku-19 BC U-Oktavian wayengekho eRoma, futhi abantu bavumele ukubuya kwe-Consul. Ukuze ugweme ukuvukela, iSenate yacela umyeni woMbuso ukuthi abuye. Ngakho-ke u-Agasti uthole amandla amakhulu, kwathi ku-12 wamenyezelwa uPontiff.
I-Octavian Augustus idonsela ngenkuthalo ngesenethi ekuphathweni kwezwe kanye nokusungulwa kwemodeli yokuphatha iRepublican. Wazama ukungawuguquli umthetho, wagcina uhlelo lokhetho futhi walawula ibutho. Kuzo zonke izihloko zalo, i-Octavian iningi layiphatha isimo seNetrups, inceku yeRiphabhulikhi ephakeme kunazo zonke.
Njengomphathi we-Oktavian ekhuluma ngokuqinisa umngcele osenyakatho. Yathunyelwa esifundeni nakuNoriy ogwini lweDanube. Abaholi bamasosha bakwa-Agripha naseTiberius banqoba iPannonia neMesia, bafaka izifundazwe eMbusweni WaseRoma kanye noLwalea.
I-Octavian yadala ibutho elizinzile, elaba ukusekelwa kombuso. Washiya amabutho angama-28 njengamayunithi amasosha ahlala njalo, kanti amabutho asele ancibilikisiwe. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Agasti, kwakungekho mibuzo nokuhlinzekwa kwamaVeterans. Bathola umhlaba nezinzuzo njengomvuzo wenkonzo.
I-Octavian yadala uMgcinimafa Wezempi futhi ngenxa yokwethulwa kwentela yaqala kabusha njalo. UMbusi wahlelela ama-2 amabanga anaphakade, kanye namabutho abaqaphi kanye neyunithi yezokuphepha esekelwe eRoma. Ngaphakathi kweRoma kwasebenza amaqembu ama-3 ezempi.
Inqubomgomo yangaphakathi ye-Octavian Augustus yaphumelela ukubonga izindlela zokuqondisa zokuphatha. ENhloko yezifundazwe nezinkosi, umbusi wabeka amasenati akhe ahlaselayo. Impilo yezindawo ezincane yalawulwa yizikhulu. Ukudla okusanhlamvu, abaqaphi basePitoli nabacimi bomlilo balalela abagibeli.
Ama-ejenti azimele aphethwe ngezezimali. Bazibandakanyeke ezindabeni zombuso, kanye nokubalwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo nezinkokhelo zezempi. Isikhathi sezwe elibusayo senza isifundazwe saceba, futhi saphinda saphosa ngomusa. Enye yezinguquko ezibalulekile kwakuwukuqedwa kohlelo lwentela. Manje imali isilungisiwe.
Ngakho-ke, ubungozi bokuphanga phakathi kwabaphathi buyehlile. U-Augustus waphinde wathinta ukuqamba amanga wokuba yisakhamuzi ngokunciphisa ukuhlinzekelwa kwenkululeko ezincekwini ezivela kwinani lamaFreets.
U-Octavian Augustus wazama ukuthonya ikhala lempilo. Wasekela ukubuyiselwa kwamathempeli, inkolo yabapristi, yagcina amasiko enkolo namasiko. UMbusi ukhuthaze ukwanda kokuzala futhi wakhuthaza isikhungo somshado, ngakho-ke wanikeza imindeni emikhulu.
Ubuciko phakathi kwalesi sikhathi bebukhona ngentengo. U-Octavian ukhetha izincwadi futhi wakhuthaza ukufunda izincwadi, ukuba ngumfakeli wabalobi kanye nezimbongi. UVergilius, uHorace no-Ovid okuchazwe emisebenzini yabo ukukhuphuka kwamasiko, okuhambisana neBhodi lika-Octavian Augustus. Umbusi wathonya ukuvuselelwa kokuvela kweRoma, okuvela edolobheni lobumba. Kube nesithangami sika-Agasti, amathempeli nezakhiwo eziye zaba yizikhumbuzo zezakhiwo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umbusi wenza impilo yakhe njengowokuqinisekisa ukuphathwa komphakathi. Induna yokuqala yakwa-Oktaviana yaba yinkonzo, indodakazi yoposopolitiki. Ukubeka i-ISAVRIK, kepha ukuganwa kwaqedwa. U-Augustus wanquma ukuzala i-triumvirate ngembangi kaMark Anthony, ngakho-ke wamyisa uPulictor waseKloyy unkosikazi wakhe, owayenomphikisi womphikisi.
Ngemuva kweminyaka lemibili, umshado wawa phansi nge-Twilight nezihlobo zentombazane. Ngokwesitatimende sezazi-mlando zaseRoma, u-Octavian akazange ahlanganyele embhedeni okhethekile womndeni nomndeni okhethekile, ngakho-ke wagcina ubumsulwa. Unkosikazi olandelayo wombusi waphenduka isihlobo sobulili obufana ne-pompey ogama lakhe lingu-BRIBES. Umshado ubuye waba khona isikhathi eside futhi uphela ngokuhlukana ngenxa yokuxabana ne-pompey.
Inkumbulo yale nyumbana kwakuyindodakazi kaJulia, owazalwa ngumbusi. Ukuziphatha okulula kwendodakazi nokungaphazanyiswa kukaYise kwakuyisizathu sokuxoshwa kwakhe eRoma. Kanye naye, umbuso wawushiya umama. U-Octavia wamukela abazukulu bakhe umzukulu wakhe noLucia, izingane zaseYyulia, ukuhlela ukubenza izindlalifa, kodwa izinsizwa zafa zisencane.
Unkosikazi wesithathu ka-Octavian Augustus, uLibya, wayenobuhle obuqabulayo nentokazi ebabazekayo. Ukwazi ngomyeni olula wokuziphatha, wamfuna amantombazane akhangekile, ngakho-ke, impi enabathungi yayikhona amashumishumi eminyaka. Izingane zika-Oktavian uqobo azivelanga esikhathini esizayo. Indlalifa yesimo namandla akhe kwakunguTiberius, elinye lamadodana akhulisa izingane, abantwana bomuntu oshade naye.
Isihlalo sobukhosi ngemuva kokushona kuka-Augustus sathola uTiberius. Igatsha elejwayelekile alizange lithathe, nasesihlalweni sobukhosi esilandelayo saseRoma bathatha ubukhulu be-Octavia, eCaligula. Emva kwakhe, isimo semithetho yenzalo yeMbusi uNero.
Ukushona
Ibhodi lika-Octavian Augustus laliphumelele kangangokuba impilo yakhe ngokungakhululeki. Unkosikazi nendodakazi yakhe badumala ngendodakazi yakhe bathonywa kakhulu yinhlalakahle yombusi. Wathatha uhambo oluya kwesinye sezifundazwe eMedithera ukulungisa impilo futhi aphumule kokuhlangenwe nakho.
Emgwaqweni, umbusi wagula. Isaziso esiphumela sasebenza njengokufa kombusi. Ngo-Agasti 14 BC. Washona. Ngemuva kokufa, umzimba wombumbi wawukhaphela isidumbu emsebeni we-masfield, kanti i-urn enamadada yacwiliswa eMausoleum, ezinhlanganweni zezihlobo zombusi.
U-Octavian Augustus wabusa uMbuso iminyaka engu-45. Uthishanhloko wakhe waphoqa kuze kube izinsuku zokugcina zokuphila. Ubuntu bumbusi nokubaluleka kwezinqumo zakhe namuhla bungahlulelwa yimibhalo nemilando. Imininingwane mayelana nokubukeka ifinyelele ezizukulwaneniso zangempela ngenxa yemifanekiso nezithombe ezihanjiswe ngu-Octavian Augustus.