Umlando Wemilingiswa
Umlingiswa umlingiswa nikolai gogol "uShineel". Isisebenzi sePeterburg esingesihle esimweni someluleki weTitale. Indoda encane, into ehlekwa usulu engapheli kwabasebenza nabo abasebancane. Ekugcineni, ngenxa yobuphofu nokungatholakali, uyafa futhi uba yisipoki.Umlando wendalo
"Ushiko" ufakiwe kumjikelezo we- "Petersburg Tale" umjikelezo kaNikolai Gogol. Indaba yaqala ukushicilelwa ekuqaleni kuka-1842 njengengxenye yevolumu yesithathu yeqoqo le-gogol lemisebenzi. Ihlaya kwakuwumfutho wokudalwa kwendaba kaGogol, owayehamba phakathi kwabasebenzi abayilo - mayelana nesikhulu esimpofu esisesikhathi eside futhi esikukopishele imali yokuthenga isibhamu, bese ephulula ukuthenga.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngo-1839, uGogol wayevele eholele ekutheni asebenze endabeni ethile, lapho kwakukhona khona isikhulu esintshontsha i-Overcoat. I-Excerpt kusuka kunguqulo yokuqala yombhalo igcinwe, ngesisekelo sawo esiphethayo ukuthi ekuqaleni le ndaba yayihlekisa kakhulu kunasehhovisi lokugcina, elaziwayo.
Sebenzelana endabeni ethintekayo lapho umbhali eya phesheya. Unyaka nohhafu, uGogol wachitha e-Italy nase-Austria futhi ngalesi sikhathi wabuyela emsebenzini kathathu, kodwa akazange afike kule ndaba kuze kube sekupheleni. Entwasahlobo yango-1841, umlobi usaqhubeka nomsebenzi ngaphansi kwengcindezi evela kumshicileli. Ngasikhathi sinye, uGogol wasebenza kwezinye izimo nangesitayela ngemibhalo mayelana ne-Italy futhi, mhlawumbe, lo msebenzi wawunothando.
Ezinguqulweni zokuqala zendaba, umlingisi ophambili wabizwa nge-Akaki Tishkevich. Kamuva, umlobi wangena esikhundleni sesibongo se-hero eBashmakevich. Isimo sombhalo sibuye sashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kushiywe amahlaya endabeni, kepha kwakukhona imizwa eminingi nama-patties. Ngaleso sikhathi, ingqikithi 'yendoda encane ", isikhulu esivelele sasivamile, lolu hlobo lweminyaka ehlekisayo nelonakalisayo lwabhalwa futhi lwakhishwa-ke, akazange anake i-gogol.
Ngemuva kokushicilelwa kokuqala kuka-1842, umbhalo wawungasathunyelwa. Kodwa-ke, kamuva ithonya lendaba yababhali bangempela bekhulu le-XIX. UGogol ugxeka ohlelweni lwezenhlalo ngaleso sikhathi kanye nomphathi wezenhlalo lapho izimfanelo zomuntu zisho ukuthi ikilasi lalo libheke ngaphansi kwe-taber. Abagxeki baseNtshonalanga babona endabeni kaGogol bavame kakhulu ngamanoveli angaqondakali ka-Ernst TheoDore Hoffman.
Umlobi uVladimir Nabokov wasebenzisa ukufana phakathi kwe- "Chinel" kaGogol kanye nezinganekwane zikaFranz Kafka "uguquko". Umholi odakekile, othobekile noweshwa, owaba ukuthunga abanye, endabeni kaGogoli waphunyuka egobolondweni lesisebenzi esincane bese ephenduka abe yisipoki esinamandla. Izinhlamvu ze-Hero ezizungezile ziboniswa yi-groteesque futhi zinobuntu.
"Shinel"
U-Akaki Bashmachkin uhlala eSt. Petersburg futhi ukhonza esikhundleni someluleki weTitale. UBashmachkin ungumuntu omncane nongenakubalulekanga othanda umsebenzi ojwayelekile, ikakhulukazi abhale kabusha iphepha. Iqhawe ligcwalisa ngenkuthalo imisebenzi esemthethweni, kepha indima emnyangweni idlala kangako. IBashmachkin ithola iholo lebhentshi futhi njalo iba yinto yokuhleka usulu kubasebenzi abasebasha.
Imali engenayo ayinikeli iqhawe lize lizinikeze ngezingubo. UBashmachkin uphethe i-chinel endala, eyake yagcina izibhamu ekugcineni. Iqhawe likahlamvu lwemali lwe-T-TOROT, kepha umemezela ukuthi alusizi ngalutho ukuwafaka lezi zinhlamvu, i-chinel kufanele ibe yintsha.
I-Bashmushkin izama ukusindisa nokulungiselela imali yokuthunga ishel entsha. Iqhawe liyama ukunika izingubo zangaphansi ukugeza izingubo nokuhamba ekhaya endaweni yokugeza eyodwa ukuze izingubo zigqoke, zikhanyise itiye kusihlwa, zibulawe yindlala. Kuza okuhlekisayo - ukuze amanothi angagqokile, iBashmachkin yamukelwa ukuhamba eTipTee.
Ngale holide, iqhawe likhishwe umklomelo, futhi liphenduka libe likhulu ngokwanele ukuze uhambe uzothenga impahla ye-Overcoat yesikhathi esizayo. Iphupho leqhawe lenziwa, kwathi kanye ekuseni, iBood Bashmachkin iza eMnyangweni ezingutsheni ezintsha. Ozakwabo badumisa i-chinel entsha futhi bahalalisele iqhawe ngokuthenga, kwathi kusihlwa bamema ukuba baye egameni losuku komunye wabasebenzi.
Iqhawe lihlala esimweni esihle, kepha kusihlwa, lapho uBashmachkin ebuyela ngemuva kwegama, abanye abahlaseli basusa i-chinel kuye. I-Fender Hostess itusa i-Bashmachku engajabuli ukuthi ixhumane namaphoyisa. Iqhawe liya lapho ngosuku olulandelayo, kepha lokhu akuholeli kunoma yini. Kufanele siye emsebenzini eMnyangweni ose-Old Old Concoat.
Ozakwabo bangena esidlweni esibucayi futhi beluleke ukungashiyi leli cala futhi bafune usizo kumuntu othile onethonya. Kodwa-ke, Mnu. Ngubani onconywe yiqhawe, wakhanywa kuphela eBashmachkina futhi akazange asize.
Ukuhamba eSt. Petersburg esimweni esidala esibhikishayo esimweni sezulu esinomoya nesithwathwa, uBashmachkin wagula. Yebo, ayikaze ilulame. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, iqhawe liyafa, bese kuvela isipoki edolobheni. Kubukeka ngathi lesi sipoki njengesikhulu esinamandla oqala ukupenda ngokudlula kwezakhamizi nohlamvu lwemali, nejazi, namajazi abofu.
Isipoki asisola isikhathi esithile, kanti abanye ababazi iBashmachkina ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe baqashelwa iqhawe elifile kabi. Lapho nje i-ghost yahlangana ngengozi ngalowo muntu onethonya owenqabile ukusiza iBashmachku ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, ngokukhamuluka kwasusa kwaleyo chinel nangemva kwalokho abantu abangazange babonise. I-biography ebusayo yeqhawe kulezi zinqumo.
Igama elithi "Akaki" elihunyushwe lisuka esiGreki lisho ukuthi "MEEK, alwenzi okubi," futhi lokhu kufana nomlingiswa weqhawe. I-Bashmushkin yindoda yeminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ngokubukeka okungavumelekile. I-Low and Bald, ebomvu, ngokuhlaselwa kobuso obunjiwe, ngombala wakudala ogqokwa obuhlanzwe.
Leli qhawe lalingenalo i-rhodue, noma izindlalifa noma izindlu zalo. UBashmachkin wadubula igumbi elivela kowesifazane othile wakudala endaweni empofu yedolobha. Iqhawe alinamakhono noma amathalente, okuwukuphela kwe-Bashmachkina ukubhala okuhlanzekile. Ngisho nenkulumo ingamaqhawe abashadikazi nokudideka. Ngalesi sizathu, iqhawe lezikhathi zaphakade licelwe ukubhala kabusha iphepha futhi alwenzanga imisebenzi.
UBashmachkin wasebenza eMnyangweni impilo yakhe yonke futhi akazange abe nezinye izintshisekelo. Ngisho nasekhaya ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula, iqhawe lalibhalwa kabusha, alikaze lizijabulise, alizange lizijabulise, alizange lichithe isikhathi enkampanini futhi alizange liphume kusihlwa liye ku-Street. Uhlobo lwe-Pathetic lweqhawe olucasulwe ukugconwa kanye nokuhlukumezeka hhayi ozakwabo kuphela, kodwa futhi nabantu bangaphandle. Ngasikhathi sinye, umlingiswa wajabula ngempilo yakhe futhi waba ukunaka kancane lokho okwenzeka lapho ezungeza.
-Vikayo
Ifilimu lokuqala "uSineli" wafika e-USSR ngo-1926. Isimo sale filimu emnyama nomhlophe sakhiwa izindaba ezimbili ze-gogol - "uShineel" no "Nevsky Propect". Iqhaza le-Akakia Bashmachina ladlala umlingisi u-Andrei kostrichkin.
Ngo-1952, ifilimu elithi "Il Capptotto" ("Shinel") eliqondiswe ngu-Alberto Latthada laphuma e-Italy. Lokhu kuhunyushwa mahhala kwe-Gogol Tale, lapho eNyakatho ne-Italy iba yindawo yokwenza indawo, nesikhathi - iminyaka engama-30 yekhulu lamashumi amabili. Iqhaza lomlingiswa ophambili lenziwa ngu-Actor Renato Rashel.
Umlingiswa uphethe igama likaCarmine de carmine futhi lisebenza njengomasipala lapho lithola iholo elincane. Iqhawe lidinga ijazi elisha, kepha akukho mali yokuthenga. Ukuzithoba okuncane, iqhawe liyala ijazi libuyele eholidini ukuhlonipha unyaka omusha. Endleleni eya ekhaya, iqhawe lihlaselwa ngabaphangi abakhumula ijazi lakhe. IMundela Yenkunkuma eCarmine isesizeni, futhi uyafa ngosizi.
Ifilimu elandelayo yashicilelwa ngo-1954 e-UK okuthiwa "ukuvuswa". Le yifilimu emfushane, lapho kudlalwa khona indima enkulu yi-BISTER KITOn, futhi le ndaba ishintshwa kakhulu. Umqondisi wawufaka kwiskripthi of antiotopia "1984" UGeorge Orwell.
Ngo-1959, kwashicilelwa enye ifilimu yaseSoviet noRoland Bykov.