I-Biograge
U-Anton Delvig uyimbongi nomngani weLyceum u-Alexander Pushkin. Igama lakhe litholakala kaningi ezinkondlweni zembongi edume kakhulu yaseRussia. UDelvig wayengumhleli we-salon yemibhalo eSt. Petersburg, eshicilelwe i-Almanac "izimbali zasenyakatho" futhi wasungula "iphephandaba lemibhalo."Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Anton Antonovich Delvig ungumuntu wasendulo, kepha uhlobo olonakele. Okhokho bakhe kwakunguTaroni, owabhidliza eRussia esuka eBaltic States. U-Anton wazalelwa eMoscow ngo-Agasti 6, 1798. Ngaphezu kwesihloko, umndeni wakhe awunayo ingcebo. Ubaba wakhonza embuthweni we-Astrakhan futhi, eseshiye phansi isikhundla sakwa-Morth General, waba ngumkhukheli we-Kremlin yaseMoscow. Umholo wakhe wawunzima ngokwanele. Umama uLubov Krasikov ovakashelwe umzukulu - usosayensi onosongo u-Andrei Krasilnikov.
Abazali banikeza umfana ukuqeqeshwa ebhodini langasese. Emfundweni yakhe kanye ne-biography eyengeziwe, uPedagogue u-Alexander Dmitrievichch borodkov ubambe iqhaza elibalulekile. Nguye owaqasha ingane uthando ngezincwadi nezincwadi, wancoma uYise wokuthumela indodana yakhe ku-Tsarskoyel Lycebem.
U-Anton wayeneminyaka engu-13 ubudala. Ukuze ujabule ngokungahleliwe, wangena ekilasini elilodwa no-Ivan Pushchin, u-Alexander Pushkin noWilhelm Küherehelbecker. Abangani beLyyost babevela emindenini ehlwempu, kodwa bahlukaniswa ngamathalente kanye nenqwaba yezimfanelo ezinhle.
Kudume nemininingwane ethile ye-clumsy ngokushesha kwamukele inkampani. Njengabangani bakhe, umfana akazange anikeze ukuthambekela kwisayensi eqondile, ngakho-ke othisha bambheka ngevila. U-Odnoklassniki wabhala i-stroke epigrams futhi wahlekisa iminyaka efanayo ngenxa yokungaqondakali kwakhe nokungakhethi, okunika igama elithi "Lena Tosi".
Kepha bekufanele ukuba kuhambele ezincwadini, uDelvig washintsha phambi kwamehlo akhe. Ucaphune ama-classics ngolimi lwangempela, engayazi, futhi abhale izinkondlo. Lapho icala lithinta ubuhlakani, le nsizwa yabonisa umcabango ocebile nokuqonda. Izindaba zika-Anton zikhangiseni abangane, futhi abasunguli bakhe babekholelwa othisha. Ngaso sonke isikhathi imbongi festive embhedeni, yazulazula ezungeze ipaki eduze kweLyceum noma ijabulele ukufunda.
Eminye yemisebenzi yokuqala kaDeligus yayingukuthwebula kweParis ", okuthi ngo-1814 yashicilela" iphephabhuku laseYurophu ngaphansi kwe-pseudonym Russian Russian. Ukuhlonipha ukuphela kweLyceum, imbongi yaqamba inkondlo "iminyaka eyisithupha". Abathweswe iziqu bamlobela umculo futhi bacwila njengengoma.
Inkambo
Njengoba sesiqede ukuqeqeshwa, uDelvig wangena eMnyangweni Wezintaba noSawoti Wezindaba, kwathi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile kwaba yisisebenzi sehhovisi lenkonzo yezezimali. Ukuba yisizwe, u-Anton akazange athole inzalo emisebenzini emisha, esebenza ngokuphefumlelwa ngaphandle kokuphefumlelwa futhi abuye. Imininingwane yezabelo zakhe yenziwa kancane, eyayisabisa abaphathi.
UDelvig waphupha ngokuhumusha futhi waze wahola nengcorombane ne-Alexei Nikolayevich Olenin, umqondisi we-Imperial Public Library. Ngawo-1820s, imizamo yakhe yayimqhele ngempumelelo: imbongi yamukelwa ngosizo lomsizi wezincwadi. Kusukela ngo-1821 kuya ku-1825, umtapo wolwazi walesi sikhungo wasebenza yiBasinista Ivan Andrevich Krylov. Kepha lapha u-Anton akafikanga egcekeni.
Esikhundleni sokwenza incazelo yezincwadi futhi uzifake efayilini lekhadi, imbongi ifunda imisebenzi, ukhohlwa ngomsebenzi. Isandiso sokuxoshwa satholakala kungekudala. Ukuvakashela i-pushkin, etholakala eMikhailovsky, isisebenzi esinganakwa sixoshwe, naphezu kokuningiliziwe kwabangane bakhe abasezingeni eliphakeme. UDelvig washintsha iminyango eminingana, kepha akukho lapho bekungeke kubonakale khona. Umsebenzi oyinqaba wensizwa ephuphayo, ngakho-ke umsebenzi wakhe wawungasethwanga.
Ukudala
U-Anton Delvig akazange ashiye amagugu amakhulu okubhala, kepha ivesi lakhe elithi "Nightingale", umculo lapho abhalwe khona u-Alexander Alexandrovich, kubhekwa njengomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu. Kwenziwa ama-vocalian amahle kakhulu aseRussia nezwe.
UDelvig wayaziwa njengesibalo esithi sezincwadi, imbongi nomshicileli. Ngo-1819, nabangane u-Alexander Pushkin, uWilhelm Kuhelecker no-Evgenia, umlobi waseBaratnia wadala i- "Union of Poets". Lo mphakathi wawungeyena uchwepheshe, kodwa kunalokho wamelela inhlangano enobungane.
Ukunciphisa iminyango ehlukahlukene futhi ungatholi uhlelo, imbongi iza ukwenza i-Almanac "izimbali zasenyakatho". Wayenephutha emangalisayo ngamathalente futhi wabonisa amakhono enhlangano, eheha ababhali abavela eMoscow naseSt. Petersburg ukubambisana. I-Almanac elandelayo ekhiqizwa nguDelvig yaba "iqhwa".
Ingqondo eyinhloko yembongi kwakuyi "iphephandaba elingokoqobo". Kususelwa ku-1830 ngokusekelwa kuka-Alexander Pushkin noPeter vyazemmsky, u-Anton wenziwa njengokugxekwa okuphikisana nezincwadi "zezentengiso" kanye nezithameli ezingafundile.
Emakhasini encwadi kwakukhona indawo yemisebenzi ye-pushkin noKyhehelelbecker, ababese-Opal. Leli phephandaba lalifunwa futhi laxoxwa ngemibuthano ehlukene, kodwa ngo-1831, ubudlelwano buka-Anton Delivia nababalwa bukhula, futhi ukuvalwa kwavalwa. Kunelumeni lokuthi umsebenzi wokushicilelwa waqala kabusha ngemuva kokushona komsunguli.
UDelvig ujoyine inani labantu ababengenzi inyunyana kukuphikiswa kwezenhlalo - kwezepolitiki. Ubengabangani nabakholelwa eMnumcome uMikhail Beuzhev noKonda Rylelev, babamba iqhaza ekupheleni kwephephandaba le-Polar Star. Naphezu kobudlelwano obusondelene nabavukeli abanobuhlakani, u-Anton wayethanda ukuhlala ebangeni eliphephile ukusuka ku-epicenter yemicimbi.
Amagugu okubhala wembongi aqukethe izinkondlo eziyi-170. Umlobi wawuseshwa ngokusesha futhi wawuphakathi kwabadali bokuqala be-Sonnets eRussia. UDelvig wakuthanda usayizi wevesi le-Russian Folk. UMikhail Glinka, u-Alexander Dargomyzhsky no-Alexander Varlamov babhale umculo kwimisebenzi ka-Anton.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Uthando lokuqala luka-Anton Delivia lwabizwa ngeSophia Dmitrievna pomondov. Wagcina i-salon ebhaliwe, lapho amele khona imisebenzi yakhe yamaphiko, uNikolai Galithe funda ukuhunyushwa okuthi "ukungabikho". Le ntokazi yahlasela izinhliziyo zababhali abaningi bokuqala, futhi uDelvig wayengekho. Ukuqashelwa emizweni enothando akuzange kutholakale impendulo emphefumulweni wakhe, futhi imbongi kwakufanele ikhohlwe uthando lwayo.
Intombi entsha ka-Anton yaba uSophia Mikhailovna Salia, indodakazi yomeluleki wemfihlo enkantolo yase-Alexander I. Phambilini, uPeter Kakhavsky wayekade kuye, yize imizwa yentsha yayingukubola mutual.
Ukwazana oSallkova noDelvig kwenzeka entwasahlobo ngo-1825. Ekuqaleni, umzali ongemuva wakwaSony wabusisa umshado wabo, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wabuyela ezwini lakhe emuva: USaltykov wayeyi-hypochondrik, evame ukuguqula umbono wakhe. Enye indlela, kepha umshado wenzeka ekwindla konyaka ofanayo, uSophia Mikhailovna waba ngumka-Anton Antonovich.
Ukusondela ngokomoya, izintshisakalo ezifanayo, izincwadi ezihehayo - abasanda kushada babefana kakhulu. Indlu yabo yasheshe yaba yi-salon ebhaliwe lapho kwakunguVasily Zhukovsky, u-Alexander Pushkin, u-Evgeny Baratinsky nabanye. Umlingani wafunda izinkondlo ngenhliziyo futhi wadlala epiyano. Intombazane yaqonda ukuthi ngubani owaba yisimenywa sendlu yakhe: wayeyithanda imisebenzi yabangane bakaDeligney kusukela ebusheni bakhe.
Impilo yomuntu siqu u-Anton Deligus iye yathuthuka ngempumelelo, yayithanda kakhulu umkayo. Ebunyeni babo, kwakungekho zingane eziningi, kepha okuwukuphela kwendodakazi ka-Elizabeth Antonovna yathandwa kamathe kaYise.
Ukushona
Ekuvaleni kwe- "Literary Newspaper", edalwe nguDelvig, kwathonya ipipi lomlobi kanye nentatheli Faddey Bulgarin. Njengoba elahlekelwe yingqondo ayithandayo, imbongi yayigula. Usongo lwenduna yeGendarmes Alexander Bekendorf yathinteka kancane eSiberia. Esikhathini esinzima sokuguqula, amagama asemthethweni angaba yingozi.
Imbongi iqale izimpande kaningi. Isizathu sokufa kwakhe kwakuyiTit ehlupheka. Ukuvunyelwa komngane wanyakazisa abangane bakhe beLyceum, ngoba uDelvig wayesengumncane - oneminyaka engama-32. I-Anton Antonovich's Lina ethuneni lika-Antonovich lise-Necropolis of Art Masters eSt Petersburg.
Izinkondlo ezikhohlisayo azithandwa kangako ukuthi imigqa emisebenzini yakhe isiphenduke izingcaphuno, kepha inkumbulo yemisebenzi yombhali iyagcinwa. Namuhla, kunomklomelo wonyaka obhaliwe ogama lakhe lingu-Anton Deligus "ngobuqotho eZwini nasePatherland", enikezwe ababhali abakhuthaza amasiko aseRussia emsebenzini. Umdwebo wembongi ungabonakala ezincwadini ezincwadini nasezincwadini zomlando we-Tsarskoselsky Lyceum.
Ukusebenza
- Ngo-1814 - "Triolet Prince Gorchakov"
- Ngo-1821 - "O, amandla obuhle obuhle! .."
- Ngo-1823 - "Kuyinyoni, Ikhishwe Ngentando"
- Ngo-1828 - "Ngakho-ke wahlabelela ngaphandle kokuphoqelelwa ..."
- Ngo-1829 - "Iminyaka Emine Yezinganekwane"
- Ngo-1829 - "imbongi ye-welding"