I-Biograge
Imbongi u-Veteran Yuri Levitansky yayidume ngokuhleleka kwevesi nokuqonda kwefilosofi ngeqiniso. Ukuhlolwa okwakwabelana ngengxenye yomlobi ebusheni bakhe, kwabeka ukufakwa okungakabi kangako ngezihloko njengethoni yemisebenzi.
UYuri Levitansky wazalwa ngoJanuwari 1922 edolobheni elincane elibizwa ngokuthi amaKozhelets, omunye wemigwaqo yakhe kusukela ngo-2015 igama lembongi. Indawo encane yokuzalwa komlobi ingenyakatho ye-Ukraine, futhi izilimi zomama zomfana zazise-Ukraine nesiRussia, kanye nolimi lwamadlozi, bengajwayele.
Indawo yokuzalwa kukaLevitansky yisizathu esimangalisayo sokuthi emithonjeni ehlukene igama eliphakathi lembongi libhalwe ngezindlela ezihlukile: ukuthi uDavidechch, uDavid. Futhi kwehluka ngosuku oluqondile lokuzalwa: Bese kuthi-21, ke inombolo engu-22.
Eminyakeni embalwa, umndeni weLevitansky wathuthela eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Ukraine - ubaba wanikela ngomsebenzi enkampanini yamalahle amalahle. Inhloko-dolobha yendawo yabavukuzi yabe isigqoka igama loMholi wazo zonke izizwe, futhi lalisemaphephandabeni asedolobheni ledolobha okokuqala ngqa ukuba ngamavesi omlisa onesiphiwo.
Ngemuva kokuthola iziqu esikoleni, uYura waya eBelokamena wangena e-Ifli - okwakha izisebenzi zeSoviet Animatitaritance enobuhlakani. Abafana bensizwa baphule impi - ivolontiya laseLevitan laya phambili. Ngokusho kwezikhumbuzo zembongi, abafundi abalotshwe eRed Army babeqiniseka ukuthi ngaphambi kokuqala konyaka wesikole, amabutho eSoviet angawina phezu komhlaseli.
Eqinisweni, impi yeLevitansky yathatha ngisho neminyaka emi-4, futhi eminyakeni eyi-6, ngoba ngemuva kokuthi iqhawe "ligxunyekwe ePlastsunski ePrague" futhi lahlangana noSuku Lokunqoba ePrague, ingxenye yakhe yadluliselwa eMongolia. U-Yuri wadlula ngendlela ejwayelekile eLieutenant futhi wathola imiklomelo eminingi yokulwa, kufaka phakathi i-oda lesibhengezo esibomvu nendondo "yezempi" yezempi ".
Ngemuva kokubuyela esakhamuzini, uLevitansky wazinza e-Irkutsk, lapho abazali babephila kakade - uDavide u-Ivevich noRaisa Evdokimovna. Umlobi ogcwele uGeorgy Markov wasiza ngokuqashwa kanye nasezindlini: U-Yuri waqala ukuphatha ingxenye ebhaliwe yaseshashalazini yendawo yaseshashalazini yasendaweni yaseshashalazini futhi wathola igumbi. Yize ngasekupheleni kwawo-1940s, uLevitansky washiya iqoqo lokuqala lezinkondlo, maphakathi nawo-1950, imbongi yanquma ukuqhubeka nezifundo zakhe eziphazanyiswe yimpi, futhi yaqeda izifundo zemibhalo emibili. Kusukela kulokhu, uYuri Davidovich wayehlala eMoscow.
Ukudala
Umqondisi u-Eldar Ryazanov, onikezelwe kuYuri Danovich, uchungechunge lwengxoxo "yephrojekthi" emoyeni omusha ", wayekholelwa ukuthi umuntu owayengajwayelene nembongi kaLevitansky, ngokungazi lutho ngokuphila kwakhe. Ubuqambi bembongi imbongi bathokozela ababhali abanjengo-Evgeny Yevtushenko, uVladimir Vysotsky noJoseph Brodsky.
Naphezu kokuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambi komugqa, emisebenzini evuthiwe, uLevitansky akakaze akhulume ngempi. Okuhlukile yinkondlo yenkondlo "Yebo, nalokho engangiyikho lapho." Izinkondlo ze-yuri Damovich's Melodic zazivame ukuhambisana ngumculo. Isibonelo esidume kunazo zonke "ingxoxo yesihlahla sonyaka omusha", esizwakala kwifilimu ethi "Moscow ayikholelwa izinyembezi."
Ukuguqula izinkondlo engomeni, uLevitansky waphathwa ngaphandle kwenjabulo, ecabanga ukuthi ukugcinwa kwemisebenzi ePristine kungaba isihloko esikhulu sokuziqhenya kwevesi, hhayi eSupe. Umlobi wayengesabi imilolozelo yesenzo, ngakho-ke, enkondlweni ethi "Plale Mayelana Nobukhosi", I-ryme ye-adahio eyinkimbinkimbi usondelene nalezo ezingelula, njengoba "ziphelile - ihehele."
Emisebenzini eminingi, uLevitansky ukhuluma nomfundi wothando, imvamisa yempilo ("Qamba amakhalenda" kudala), ukukhethwa komuntu ("wonke umuntu uyazikhethela bona"). Enkonzweni ethi "Cinema", imbongi iqhathanisa impilo ngefilimu emnyama nomhlophe, obhalwe ngulo oPhezukonke.
Ngaphezu kwezinkondlo ze-lyrical, uYuri Levitanan unezincwadi ezinezinguqulo ezivela ezilimini zaseMpumalanga Yurophu kanye nezilimi eziphakathi nendawo zase-Asia, kanye namaqoqo okubukwa kwemisebenzi yezimbongi ezikhuluma isiRussia.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngokwezinkumbulo zabantu besikhathi sikaJosodondaphi, uYuri Levitansky wahlanyisa wonke amakati angomakhelwane futhi wafuna zonke izinja eziphikisayo ngemisila. Kwakukhona njalo izingane nabesifazane abazungeze imbongi. Umlobi wayenokubukeka okuhle (njengoba kufakazelwa isithombe, ebusheni bakhe wabukeka njengoLermontov) neCharisma emangalisayo. Abesifazane abathathu badlala indima ekhethekile e-BiographKy yeLevitansky.
Umngane wokuqala wempilo kaYuri kwakuyintombazane uMarina, lapho umgqugquzeli osemusha waphetha inyunyana e-Irkutsk. Ngemuva kokubuyela enhlokodolobha, kwaqhamuka umshado kancane kancane.
Okwesibili uYuri Danovich washada kuphela eminyakeni engama-40. I-wenchant kwakungumfundi we-Firery Institute Valentina Skarin, owazala imbongi yamantombazane amathathu - uCatherine, u-Anna no-Olga. "Ukuhamba" kwangaphambili "uLevitansky waphenduka ubaba okhathalelayo omangalisayo, owathandana nazo zonke izinsuku zamadodakazi asebekhulile. Ubuciko bokubhala uYuri Davinovich wawuganwa kuphela ebusuku.
Lapho amadodakazi ami ekhula, imbongi, "sekwephuzile wafunda ukuphila" futhi, kwabonakala sengathi uyakuthola eminyakeni emisiwe, wanakekela isikhathi sempi, wathandana okwesithathu. Uthando lokugcina lomlobi lwaba nguLevi emzukulu wakhe u-Irina Mashkovskaya. Ngomfazi wesithathu, uYuri Davidovich waqala impilo ngohlu oluhlanzekile, eshiya umndeni owedlule ifulethi, umtapo wezincwadi kanye nekotishi. Le nyunyana ayizange inikeze umthombo wezingane, kodwa waba umthombo ongapheli wokuphefumlelwa ngaye.
Ukushona
Ukufa, okuhlala kuwo uLevitani angahlala kuwo "izinyathelo ezine", kwadonswa imbongi ezinsukwini ezi-3 ngemuva kokugubha usuku lokuzalwa lwe-74.
Inhliziyo ye-Frovik yafuna ukuhlinzwa ngonyaka we-1990. Ababhali abafudukayo ababhale ngesiRussia (okokuqala, uVladimir Maximov noJoseph Brodsky), basiza ukuqoqa imali futhi bahlele ukungenelela kwezokwelapha eJalimane. Ukuhlinzwa kuphumelele, futhi imbongi enentshiseko ifakwe empilweni yezepolitiki yaseRussia, ifuna ukuthi okungenani abazukulu babawinile baphila okubi kakhulu kunokuhlulwa.
ILevitansky ikhuthaze ukuvinjelwa ephathini yamaKhomanisi kanye nokuma kokusebenza kobushokobezi e-Counter-truacasus eNyakatho neCaucasus. Isidingo sokuhlelwa kwezitha, imbongi itshele uMongameli Boris Yeltin lapho isethulo umklomelo wombuso eKremlin ngo-1995.
Isimo sengqondo ye-Creative Prightsizia empini yokulwa noChechen Suratism futhi kwaxoxwa lapho emhlanganweni kuhulumeni wedolobha elikhulu ngoJanuwari 1996, lapho uYuri Davinovich ebambe iqhaza ezihlahleni zemithi. Inhliziyo kamakadebona ayikwazanga ukuma, imbangela yokufa okuzinzile yaba yisifo senhliziyo. Ngosuku lomngcwabo weLevitansky, uJosephy Brodsky ushone emathuneni amaVagankovsky.
I-Bibliography
- 1948 - "Umgwaqo Wezesosha"
- Ngo-1949 - "Ukuhlangana neMoscow"
- 1951 - "Okubiza kakhulu"
- 1952 - "Izinsuku Zethu"
- 1952 - Unyaka Omusha Wosuku
- 1956 - "Amaqabunga endiza"
- 1957 - "Isibongo Esiyimfihlo"
- 1959 - "Amaqembu Okukhanya"
- Ngo-1963 - "I-Earth Sky"
- Ngo-1969 - "Ukuhamba Kweminyaka"
- Ngo-1970 - "Cinema"
- 1975 - "Ukukhumbula iqhwa elibomvu"
- 1976 - "Kunjalo Usuku"
- 1980 - "Isikhathi Emibili"
- 1981 - "Izincwadi ze-Katerina, noma ukuhamba nge-faust"
- 1982 - "Izintandokazi"
- 1987 - "Iminyaka"
- 1991 - "Izinkondlo Ezimhlophe"
- 1996 - "phakathi kwamazulu amabili"
- 1998 - "Ngelinye ilanga emva kwami"