Umlando Wemilingiswa
I-Sobashieving ngumnikazi womhlaba onikeza isivumelwano esizuzisayo sokuthengiswa kweshawa "efile". Umlingiswa ugcwalisa igalari yesithombe eyenziwe nguNikolai Vasilyevich Gogol. Ekuqaleni, umlobi wahlela ukudala amavolumu amathathu omsebenzi, aqhamuke ekwakhiweni kwemvume "esihogweni - i-purgatory - ipharadesi - ihadisisi lenqabile ukuhlelwa. Ukugxekwa kwemibhalo kusahlaziye futhi kuhlukanise izici nezincazelo zabalingiswa ukuze bahlaziye inkondlo.Umlando wendalo
Incwadi ethi "Imiphefumulo Efile" yazalwa ngokubonga u-Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. EMEMOIRS, uGogol wabhala ukuthi uPushkin wamshukumisela ukuba adale umsebenzi waze wanikeza umbono wesakhiwo. Imbongi ibuyisela umgibeli indaba emnandi eyezwayo, ekuxhumaneni naseChisinau. I-anecdot ephindaphindwayo yafika eGogol eminyakeni engu-15 ngemuva komcimbi owenzekile. Kwakuphathelene ne-boom, eyayithenga imiphefumulo efile evela kubanini bomhlaba ukuthola imalimboleko yasebhange.
Kuleso sikhathi, izehlakalo ezinjalo bezingavamile, futhi umbono owabelwe nguChikchikov awuzange usetshenziswe yinkohliso eyodwa. Lesi sakhiwo nezithombe zamaqhawe zibhalwe ngokuningiliziwe nangezibonelelo, futhi iqiniso laleyo nkathi livumele umfundi ukuthi angenele ukulandisa.
Sebenza enkondlweni kwaqala ngo-1835, ngaphambi nje kokubhalwa kwe- "Auditor". Umqondo awuzange ubonakale ungaba ngumlobi othokozisayo, ngakho-ke umsebenzi wanikezwa ubunzima. Sebeqedile ukudlala nokubuya ohambweni eYurophu, uGogol uzame ukwengeza umsebenzi. Izahluko ziphinde zibhalwe kabusha, futhi umsebenzi wawubambezeleka. Incwadi yaqedwa ngo-1841. Ukufika usuka phesheya kuya eRussia, umbhali wethula indalo ukuze acatshangelwe yiKomiti Yezezimali.
EMoscow, le ncwadi yatholwa ngokungathembi, ngakho-ke uGogoli wacela usizo ku-Alexander Belinsky. Umgxeki uqokomise umlobi, futhi kwashicilelwa "imiphefumulo efile" eSt. Petersburg ngo-1842.
I-Biograge
"Ukufa" komphefumulo weqhawe kuyafana nalowo obonisa, uPlushkin nabanye bakhombisa. Indlela yokuphila yamaqhawe ilula, futhi abahlose ukuyiguqula. Abanayo izinhloso zokuphila, kanye nemiphefumulo ye-Worm futhi imile. Amaqhawe awanazo izihlobo, noma abahlanganyeli empilweni yomndeni. Kunomuzwa wokuthi abanini bomhlaba bavele ngaphandle kwendawo.
Okushiwo igama nesibongo somnikazi womhlaba ngamunye ochazwe emsebenzini kubalulekile. Imidwebo yomngane ivezwa izinhlangano zezilwane. Umlobi uqhathanisa uMikhailo Semenovich ngebhere enkulu ye-clumsy futhi anikeze ama-Hero of the Frak njengomthunzi. Umbono wezwe elingaphakathi leqhawe liqala ngentokazi ngokubukeka kwakhe.
I-Sobashievich isondela zonke izingqinamba kahle kunalokho eyayihlukile komakhelwane bayo futhi kwalimaza umphakathi. Incazelo ye-manor, ingaphakathi kanye nesimo sengqondo somlingiswa ngokubhekise emnothweni sithi akuyona into. Umnini mhlaba ufuna abalimi abe nezisekelo ezibonakalayo, eqaphela ukuthi isiphetho sempahla yakhe sincike kakhulu enhlalakahleni ye-serfs. Kulolu daba, ubuhle buhlanganiswa nokuhaha. Ngazo zonke ukushiyeka kwe-sobevich, akunakwenzeka ukumbiza ngokuthi umuntu onesivunguvungu. Iyamhlukanisa noPlushin, ophila ngemali elintshi. Ukudla kwesaziso sasezulwini, injabulo, kanye nomlobi - enye indlela yokugcizelela isilwane esiqala kwiqhawe.
Indoda enomzimba oqinile, imilenze eqinile emilenzeni yakhe, i-sobehevich kuyo yonke into inamathela kuMaximalism, ikhetha ukuthandwa yimiqulu emikhulu yokudla. Umbhali ubiza iqhawe lakhe elithi "Kulak". Ungumuntu okhetha i-carnal, ezwelayo. Lo mlingisi unamandla omzimba, kepha kubonakala sengathi uyisidalwa esinenkani, nesivalo. Unempilo enhle, umzimba omkhulu nokubukeka, okufana nohlobo lwamaqhawe amaqhawe.
Isibongo Sobevich sibonakala sibonisa imvelaphi yezilwane. Indoda ine-grip enamandla, enobudlova nabantu abazungezile, inentukuthelo "yenja. Ngasikhathi sinye, umnini-Sheter Land Lown futhi ufuna usizo lwawo kanye nokwenza lula. Ukuqonda kwalo nobunqunu kuyamangaza. USobaevich akakholelwa kunoma yini futhi uthambekele ekugxekeni abanye. Ukukhuluma isibongo kanye nencazelo yokubonakala kwe-hyperbollasse isithombe sayo.
ISobekevich isola izikhulu, kepha imigqa ubudlelwano obuzuzisane nabo. Funda uBarin akathandi futhi azonda labo abakhuthaza izintshisekelo zengqondo kanye nothando lokuthola ulwazi olusha. Kwezemfundo, uSobehevich ubona amathuba akwazi ukuxhawula izimo ezikhululekile ngobukhona bayo.
"Imiphefumulo efile"
UMikhail Semenovich sobesevich ufanele ukunakwa kwabafundi. Umfundi uhlangana naye isikhathi eside ngaphambi komuzi wesakhiwo. Umbhali uchaza indlu yeqhawe, ifa eliphelele futhi kuphela ngemuva kwalokho lembula izici zomlingiswa walo. Izakhiwo neNkosi zihlukaniswa ngekhwalithi enhle, futhi iChicchikov kuqala ibona ukuthembeka kwezakhiwo ngokungena edolobhaneni laseShesevich. Ifa lomnini mhlaba lalisebenza ngaphandle kwemihlobiso engadingekile futhi lahlangana ngokuphelele nendlela yakhe. Yonke imininingwane ehambisana nomngane endlini ifana naye.
Abagibeli bahlala buthule ngaphansi kwama-auspices womgcini onjalo. I-Satiety nenhlala-kahle yamelela injongo yakhe yempilo. I-Sobekhanhevich engxoxweni neChikchikov ikhombisa ukubamba kwakhe nethalente le-Deltsy. Usheshe ashiye amacebo, abiza izinto ngamagama akhe, futhi akwazi nokuqamba ukuzungeza iChichikov ezungeze umunwe wakhe.
Uhlu lwabadlali abagadli abasuka emninimfanini lwabhala uqobo lwakhe uqobo, beluchaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ngubani owayephila. Ukubalwa, i-Seducker kanye neCynicism kwathuthela kubo. Umphumela wokuthengiselana wajabula ngabo bobabili abahlanganyeli.
-Vikayo
Abaqondisi abaphefumulelwe yimibhalo yezemibhalo yasendulo bavikelwa ngumsebenzi kaGogol. I-kinocartine yokuqala yashicilelwa ngo-1909. KwakuyiRibbon Peter CHARDY CHARCDYNINA, lapho uSobevich edlalela iVasily Stepanov.
Emashumini eminyaka ambalwa kamuva, ngo-1960, uLeonid Trauberg wabeka ifilimu elidlalwa kwisakhiwo senkondlo. Emsebenzini kulo msebenzi wasebenzisa ukudonsa umsebenzi kaPeru Mikhail Bulgakov futhi walotshwa ngo-1930. Ngomfanekiso we-sobelaevich, amakhowe a-alexey akhulume.
Umqondisi u-Alexander Belinsky ngo-1969, futhi wasusa isheke le-TV njengezincwadi. I-Self idlalwe yi-Yuri TollAuyev ekukhiqizweni.
I-Premiere yesikrini esilandelayo ibanjwe ngo-1984 ngenxa yomqondisi uMikhail SWEWEINGE. Ngomfanekiso we-sobelaevich, i-vyacheslav yayingenacala.
Uchungechunge Lokuqala lwethelevishini ngemisebenzi kaGogol lwakhululwa ngo-2005. UPavel Lungin wakhipha iphrojekthi ebizwa ngokuthi "icala lemiphefumulo efile." Iqhaza lomngane laya ku-Alexander Sechchev.
Amacaphuna
Abathengisi abanamakhono, uSobesevich akafuni ukukhanyisela ngesivumelwano esihle. Ebonisa ubukhulu, wagijima ngaphambi kukaChikchikov, esebenzisa izinkulumo zakhe azithandayo:
"Lapho nginengulube - ake size etafuleni etafuleni, iWundlu - yonke inqama, i-goose - yonke i-goose!".Leli qhawe lalingenazinkulumo ezinhlelweni, ezichaza ukubuka kwakhe komhlaba nokuzama ukufakazela ukuthi indlela yakhe yokuphila yayinezinzuzo zayo futhi ithembeke kakhulu kunalokho okuseleyo:
"Ngiyabazi bonke: Bonke labo bonke bangama-scammer, idolobha lonke likhona elinjalo: umkhohlisi ohlelweni lokukhohlisa futhi inkohliso izojaha."Izindaba ezithembekile ngombono wazo aziphazamisanga nomngane wokugibela, ngesibindi azungeze isivakashi ezungeze umunwe wakhe futhi agwaze intengo ye-serf efile:
"Kwesokudla, akubizi! Omunye umkhohlisi uzokukhohlisa, uzokuthengisela imfucumfucu, hhayi umphefumulo; Futhi nginakho - ukuthi i-nati empofu kakhulu, konke ukukhetha: hhayi inkosi, kuhluke noma yimuphi umuntu ophilile. "