I-Biograge
Umcwaningi waseScotland uSir Alexander McKenzie waduma ngokutholakele kwendlela ewela izwekazi laseNyakatho Melika ukusuka empumalanga kuye entshonalanga. Lapho esekhuthazele ezakhe igama lasolwandle echibini laseDean, umhambi wabhala incwadi eyayihlangana ngomkhankaso we-1792-1794, futhi ngenxa yokuthi izwe lababa lakhiqizwa e-United Kingdom Great Britain.Ubuntwana nentsha
Mayelana ne-biography yokuqala yesihambi u-Alexander McKenzie uyazi kancane. Uzalelwe ngo-1764 eziqhingini eWest Coast of Scotland, umfana wambangela ingane ePort City of Studov, eyayingeyakaWestsen Isles District. Uyise uKeneth Cork McCenzie wahlanganyela kwezohwebo, kwathi lapho kwaqala ukuhlubuka kwama-jacobites kuleli, kwangena enkonzo yesibonakaliso. Umama kaMakella Maka, owavela emndenini wabathengisi uLewis Island, wahola ipulazi futhi wakhulisa izingane ezine.
Ngokubambisana nesihlobo, umhlanganisi wamamephu esifundeni saseNdiya, uColin McCenzie, u-Alexander uthweswe iziqu esikoleni wahlala eNew York ngo-1774, umalume kaMalume uJohn. Lapho, abesifazane kanye nezingane zomndeni babona le mpi yaseMelika yenkululeko, nabesilisa abangakwazi ukuphatha izingalo babamba iqhaza ezimpini zaba ngamanga eRoyal.
Lapho abathembekile abesekele uMbuso e-United Olahlekile, iMacCannzie esencane kuMackanks in inkampani ayithunyelwe eMontreal, lapho umcwaningi wesikhathi esizayo athola umfundi eFinLay Trading Company, Gregory & Co
Ukuphuma kanye nocwaningo
Ngo-1787, lapho umqashi u-Alexandra ehlangana nomhlinzeki omkhulu kakhulu woboya - inkampani esenyakatho nentshonalanga eMontreal, umsebenzi osemusha wathunyelwa echibini lase-Atabask ukuyothatha isikhundla sosomabhizinisi waseMelika kanye neCholoppher Peter Ponda.
Ukubamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kweFort "Chipevayan", uMackenzie wanquma ukuvivinya umbono wabantu bomdabu abageleza entshonalanga nentshonalanga. NgoJulayi 3, 1789, ummeleli wezentengiso athatha uhambo lokuqala emanzini avela esivumelwaneni sokuthola indawo enyakatho nentshonalanga eya olwandle lwePacific.
Esikebheni sokhuni, u-Alexander, ephelezelwa abaqhubi baseNdiya, wafika echibini elikhulu lezigqila, wabe eseshaya izakhi zolwandle i-Arctic. Ngokusho kwezazi-mlando, le nsizwa ibize umzila wayo "umfula umfula," ngoba akazange ahole esiqhingini esilindelwe isikhathi eside sokupheka e-Alaska. Kamuva, abakwamaphephabhelini baqamba kabusha amanzi futhi bambiza ngokuhlonipha leli phayona elisemthethweni ka-Alexander Mccenzie, owabuya, wabuyela eChievelian, waqala ukulungiselela umkhankaso omusha.
Ukuze uthole ngokuphelele indawo yocwaningo oluzayo, iScot ifunde amakhadi akhona futhi yahlangabezana nezimpumelelo zakamuva zeBritish emkhakheni wokudidiyela incazelo.
Ngo-1792, uMccenzie waqhutshelwa kabusha yi-North-West Pass, ephelezelwa ngumzala ka-Alexander MakeMaya, abahambi abangu-2 verdrani nabahambi uJoseph Landry, uCharles Duraseet, uFrancois, nabanye. Iqembu leScots lalithonywe ukukhuthazela nokuzithoba: Abahleli bangabasebenza ngehora le-12 ngosuku, futhi abazingeli babeneso elikhulayo nesandla esinzima.
Ukukhetha i-dellet yaseCanada yesitsha saseMfuleni samanzi njengephuzu lokuqala, abahambi bathuthele entshonalanga, kepha ngokushesha kwaphendukela entshonalanga, kwakwenza kwaphela ubusika bezinhlangu ezidumile. Lapho iqhwa liqala, uhambo luyaqhubeka nendlela, livinjelwe ama-ducts amancanyana kanye ne-footh. Ukugeleza sekube kungalindeleki, futhi iqembu leMcCenzie kwadingeka linqobe amabanga amade, izinhlinzeko nesikebhe ngemuva kwazo.
Ngakho-ke, ukufinyelela imfoloko, u-Alexander wakhetha ukungena eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-parsnips, emlonyeni umfula ugeleza ubheke entshonalanga. Ukunqoba amashumi amakhilomitha, umcwaningi wakhubeka phezu kwamanzi amakhulu, aholela ekufinyeleleni okuphezulu komfula iFraser, futhi wanquma ukuthuthela eningizimu ngethemba lokuthi aphenduka ekugcineni asolani ulwandlekazi lwePacific.
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, abomdabu babomdabu benqabile ukuqhubeka nohambo ngenxa yezizwe ezihlangene ezihlala kwenye yemigodi eseduzane, futhi uhambo kwadingeka ukuba liye ezweni, livale isikebhe emzalani wezintaba. Ushintsho olwalusegatshane negatsha le-frager laphazanyiswa ngobuningi be-booster, okwadingeka bazithwale. Kuphela ogwini lwabathwali bolimi lukaBella Coula, abahambi baphinde baqhubeka namanzi, besebenzisa ukuthutha kwezizwe zabantu ezinobungane.
Izinga lokuphuma lisheshiswa kakhulu, futhi, ukunqoba imibundu ye-loop ye-River Mountain ingxenye, ngoJulayi 20, 1793, uMackenzie wazithola eseBay egezwe ngamanzi e-Queen yeNdlovukazi uCharlotte. Ngenxa yalokhu, iScotman yenza ukuhlangana kokuqala okubhalwe phansi kweNorth America, ngaphambi kokuphuma kukaMerious Lewis noWilliam Clark iminyaka engu-12.
Isifiso esivuthayo sokuqhubeka nohambo emanzini olwandle olwandle lwePacific, u-Alexander wamiswa ngabaholi babantu abanjengempi abaseHeiilksuk. Ngaphambi kokusuka, inhloko yomkhankaso yakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukutholwa kwayo ku-Rocky Ejenti:
"U-Alex Mccenzy waseCanada, emhlabeni, Julayi 22, 1793."
Kamuva endaweni yaseNtshonalanga yeScotland, uSir Alexander McKenzi, wahlelwa, lapho etsheni emphethweni wamanzi, kwagcinwa ama-90s ekhulu lama-xviii.
Njengamanje, indawo ivulekele izivakashi ezingaphinda ingxenye yokugcina yendlela yokuphuma ngokugibela noma esikebheni. Esimweni sezulu esihle, ufisa ukuhlala ekamu enyakatho-mpumalanga yedolobhana esuka endaweni ekhumbulekayo futhi wenze ulwandle uhambe ngesiteshi se-ding.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhambo olusendleleni ebekwe abantu bomdabu bezothutha izinto zokuhamba zibanjelwe endaweni yento yomlando, eziheha kakhulu izithandwa zezindawo ezihamba phambili ezindaweni zasendle. Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa ukuvakashela ephiramidi elinezinyawo ezingama-40 atholakala edwaleni, i-plaque yesikhumbuzo, ephawula indawo yedolobhana elibiziweyo lezizwe zokuqala, kanti uPetrogollyphs otholakala ebhishi le-cobblesty ethekwini e-Elcho elcho.
Vele, manje abahambi abafanele babhekane nobunzima obuwele esabinini bakwa-Alexander, ngo-1794 indlela yokubuyisa eya e-Fort "Chipenayan" nokubhala incwadi ethi "Ukuhamba kuka-Alexander Mccenzie kusuka eMontreal emfuleni iSt. Lawrence ngezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika. "
Lapho le ndaba ishicilelwe, umcwaningi wesiScotland wanikezelwa kuma-knights, wabe esemenyelwa ekusetshenzisweni komphakathi emhlanganweni womthetho we-canada ephansi. Ukuba yisithunywa esifundazweni esingokomlando, u-Alexander wabamba iqhaza emihlanganweni yoMkhandlu iminyaka engu-4 nezixazululo ezikhuthalelekile ezirekhodiwe kumaphephabhuku akhethekile manje.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, isithombe somgibeli, obhalwe ngumculi wamaNgisi uThomas Louurenis, ogcinwe emahholo egalari kazwelonke yaseCanada e-Ottawa. Ngo-1812, umcwaningi wabuyela eScotland kanti okuseleyo kwempilo echithelwe emndenini wawutholwa imali yokhokho, uGeorge Geddes Admiral Mccenzie.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Imininingwane mayelana nempilo yomuntu siqu yeMackenzi iyindlala futhi ihlwitha. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngo-1812, intombazane eneminyaka engu-14 ubudala eyaqhamuka ezinhlotsheni ezicebile zokuhweba izinhlanzi, ezazizimi izindawo ezizungeze iScotland castle Avoke yaba ngumfazi wendoda evuthiwe.Iminyaka engu-8 eshadile, abashadikazi bazalelwa izingane ezintathu, 2 amadodana nendodakazi eyakhuliswa yi-ardcess ngenkathi abazali behamba phakathi kwefa kanye nenhlokodolobha yesiNgisi.
Isimilo esinjalo sokuphila kungenzeka ngenxa yezindaba zenkampani yokuhweba i-Hudson Bay, ongowomzala kababa uLady Lady McKenzy, uGeorge Simpson.
Ukushona
Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi ngempilo ka-1820, impilo ka-Sir McCenzy yaba zimbi kakhulu ngenxa yesifo esikhanyayo, eboniswa izinso kanye nohlelo lwenhliziyo futhi yaveza ukufa kuka-Alexander, kwabhalwa ngoMashi 12, 1820.
Abaphenyi bangcwabe kude ne-Avoch Castle, esigabeni sasemakhaya esiqhingini esimnyama.
Ngo-1989-1993, ukuhlonipha iminyaka engu-200 yokuhamba kwaloluhambo, u-Alexander, abasebenzi baseLakehead Research University bazama ukuphinda indlela yama-scots anesibindi, kepha azange anqobe ibanga lokugcina elingamakhilomitha angama-350, elenzeke.
Ukukhumbula
- UMfula iMackenzie
- USir Alexander McKenzy Park
- Isikole Somphakathi Sir Alexander McKenzie eToronto
- Isikole samabanga aphansi uSir Alexander McKenzy eVancouver
- URose Alexander McKenzie