Kwesinye isikhathi kunemivimbo emincane yokukhanya esibhakabhakeni, inyamalale ngokushesha futhi ishiye umbono ohlaba umxhwele. Abantu bababiza ngokuthi bawe izinkanyezi. Eqinisweni, lezi zizulu, izinsalela zama-consets noma ama-asteroid, zivutha emnyango oya emkhathini womhlaba. Kepha kwenzeka ukuthi umzimba we-cosmic unganqoba i-gell yegesi yomhlaba futhi ufike ebusweni bomhlaba, "ulimaza umonakalo omkhulu emvelweni," umtaku we-tungusian usephenduke isivakashi esingamenyiwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule.
Cishe lapho futhi isivakashi esingalindelekile esivela ku-cosmos esikude sawa emhlabeni, kanye nakumaqiniso athakazelisayo nemibono, exhunywe nayo - ku-Material 24cm.
Lapho i-tungusian meteorite yawa khona futhi kuphi
Yiziphi izimbobo ezimnyama? Izinkanyezi ezedlule nezesikhathi esizayo
UMbuso WaseRussia, osakhona ngaleso sikhathi, ichibi lomfula uMfula uMfula uMfula iSiberia empumalanga - lawo lawo lawa ngo-1908, ngoJuni 30 cishe ngehora lesi-7 ekuseni.
Umcimbi wawuhambisana nokukhanya okuqinile kokukhanya. OFakazi abahamba phambili baphawula ushintsho ngombala wemoto bakhukhule phezu kwesibhakabhaka - waba obomvu, khona-ke ophuzi, abe-white. Futhi abantu ababesemisebeni yethonya elingama-anamalous bavivinywa ukushisa okungenakubekezelelwa, okuqhathaniswa nalokho okuzwakala lapho kusendaweni evulekile ngomlilo ovulekile.
Into yokwenza uphawu
Into ekhanyayo ekhanyayo eyindilinga yemvelaphi ye-cosmic, ubukhulu babunqunywe ngokungenakuqhathaniswa, bangena emkhathini womhlaba. Ngokufana nalokhu, imisindo yezwakala, ifana ne-roller of Thunder. Ngokuka-Ivan Murzinov, ilungu le-Academy of Cosmonautics. K. E. TSIOLKOVSKY, umzimba wangemva kokungemthetho wawuyi-meteorite yamatshe, endiza ngejubane elingamakhilomitha acishe abe ngu-20 futhi aqhume endaweni ephakeme ka-35-45 km emhlabathini.Imiphumela
Ngemuva kokuwa kwe-meteorite kanye nokuqhuma kwalandela, okwenzeka ngenxa yesifunda saseTaiga, lapho kwakungekho zindawo zokuhlala, kwakukhona umsindo ongezwayo - iziqu zakhe zisakazeka ku-1000 km, ngenkathi imiphumela yegagasi eliqhume ngalo i-seismographs ngamaphuzu ahlukene omhlaba. Amandla okuqhuma alingana no-15- 40 mt ku-TNT elilinganayo, eliqhathaniswa nenkomba yamandla kusuka kubhomu le-hydrogen eliphakathi.
Izihlahla zehlathi laseTaiga zadonswa ngezimpande - isithombe esinjalo sabonwa endaweni engaphezu kuka-2000 km ^ 2. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kwaqubuka umlilo omkhulu, futhi ngenxa yomthelela wegagasi eliqhume emakhaya, okwakungamakhilomitha amakhulu ukusuka epicententer kulokhu kuqhuma, kwangqongqoza ingilazi. Izinsuku ezimbalwa ezizayo, ziqala nge-Siberiya ephakathi nendawo futhi ziphela nge-Atlantic, ebusuku esibhakabhakeni, kwaqashelwa imiphumela yokukhanya ekhanyayo - Into ethize yagcinwa ngaphezulu kwesonto elizayo, iphela ekugcineni kwesonto elizayo.
Isifundo Sendaba
Usuku lwencazelo yokuqala ephelele yezehlakalo zalesosikhathi kubhekwa njenge-July 15, 1908, lapho umbono eTungus Chartoshini yokuloba uS. Kulesh wavela ephephandabeni leSiberia. Kunikezwe izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambili 'kokuphila kwaseSiberia "kwabhalwa umhambi kanye ne-ethnomstaper alexander auyayanova kwakususelwa kumazinga amaningi emahemuhemu futhi akunakuqhosha ngokuzethemba. Kunoma ikuphi, izimali zokucwaninga ziqale iminyaka embalwa ngemuva kokuwa kwe-meteorite, ngawo-1920, kepha inqubo yathuthuka kancane.Isibonelo, uhambo lwe-1921-1922. Izibuyekezo ezintsha kuphela ezivela kubahlali bendawo ezitholwe, okwenza kube lula ukuqonda ngokwengeziwe ukuthi iyiphi indawo eyayiyiphuzu lokufika okuhloswe ngalo i-cosmion umzimba ohlosiwe, ngenkathi bekungekho kungabaza ngeqiniso lokuqhuma. Baphinde baphawula futhi isici esiyinqaba esivezwe ku-Fan of The Forest - Ngenkathi maphakathi nezihlahla ziqhubeka nokuma, zilahlekelwe yigatsha namagatsha.
Imininingwane enenjongo kakhudlwana yavela ngo-1927: Iqembu labaphenyi atholanga into lapho umTungus Meteorite bekufanele wabanjelwa khona, kodwa uthole iminonjana yamabhola abuliwe nanezinkanu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuthi kwasungulwa izinto ezitholakala emhlabeni, mhlawumbe zifika esikhaleni.
Naphezu kokungabikho kwe-crater, iSoviet MineRogue Leonid Kulik inamathela kwi-hypothesis yemvelaphi ye-meteoric yento yangaphandle. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwalokho wenqabile umbono wendima ngomkhathi womhlaba womzimba oqinile we-cosmic, ukhethe inketho ngokuhlukaniswa kwayo kube izingxenye ezincane.
I-hypothesis
Kunenqwaba yama-hypotheses maqondana nohlobo lokuvela komzimba we-tungus cosmic, kepha awukho umbono ofanayo ososayensi azonamathela kuwo.
Lokhu okulandelayo kuyizinguqulo ezimbalwa ezenzeka lapho kwenzeka, zivela kokubili emkhakheni wesayensi nasemkhakheni wenganekwane:
- Izazi zezinkanyezi zamazwe ahlukene zikholelwa ukuthi i-comet yaphoqeleka ukuba isabalalisa emkhathini womhlaba, ngenxa yokuthi i-asteroid kuphela evela etsheni engasetshenziswa ku-tungusk meteorite. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi into ebalulekile yento ihlukahlukene futhi yenziwa ngumfudlana womoya.
- Ngawo-1940s, umbhali we-Fantal Literary Works Alexander Kazants, asuse ekubuyekezweni koFakazi kwalesi simo sokuqhuma okucatshangelwa ukuthi uhlobo lwento lungelona into yemvelo, kodwana. Ngokusho kwenguqulo ehlongozwayo yombhali, umsizi waseTungusian uwuphawu lokuvakashela abameleli bempucuko yezangaphandle efika emkhunjini wethu, kodwa izisulu zenhlekelele esigabeni sokutshala.
- Ngo-1965, ososayensi abavela e-United States of America basikisela ukuthi le nto yomzimba we-tungusse yangemva kokungemthetho yayihlanganisa ne-antimatter, ethintana nomoya womhlaba, yaqoshwa. Kuhlanganiswe ndawonye futhi kube amandla amasha, awazange ashiye iminonjana ebonakalayo.
- Enye yezincwadi ezimangalisa kakhulu ukuthi uNikola Tesla uqhube olunye isifundo, phakathi kwazo anquma ukuthumela isixuku esisempumalanga yeSiberia, ukukhetha isifunda ukuze kuhlolwe ngenxa yobulidlo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi usosayensi ngosuku lwezincwadi ezifanele emtapweni wezincwadi. Futhi ekhadini elenga eHhovisi lomsunguli, amamaki avezwa kulezo zindawo lapho kwaqashelwa khona isimo seTungusian.
Amafilimu, izingoma, izincwadi eziphathelene neTungusian Meteorite
Imicimbi ehambisana nokuphonsa kokugabadelwa entweni ye-Tungus cosmic, kwavela hhayi kuphela umphakathi wesayensi, kodwa futhi nezibalo zamasiko. Emibhalweni yabo yemibhalo, izehlakalo zalesosikhathi zibonisa ababhali uManuel Semenov no-Alexander KazansTev.
Ukuthandwa kakhulu kwabafowethu base-Arcadia kanye nabafowethu baseBoris Strugatsky, okuhlongozwayo endabeni "uMsombuluko kuqala ngoMgqibelo". Kunenkulumo mayelana ne-spacecraft eyafika kwesinye isikhala lapho kuhamba khona umsakazo wesikhathi kugeleza khona, okungukuthi, ngemuva kokuthi imicibisholo yewashi ihlule uphawu lwamabili, kuze kube yisasa ", kodwa" izolo ".
Endizeni ye-cinematic, kukhulunywa ngePungus Pheromenon ochungechungeni olungacelwanga "izinto eziyimfihlo". Esiqeshini saseTunguska, kutshelwa ngaleli gciwane, elimiswe ososayensi abavela eRussia kusukela izingcezwana ze-meteorite ewile. Abameleli be-cinema basekhaya baphinde bathinta isihloko sento yesikhala esidingidwa. I-Yuri Moroz esithombeni esiningi se-mulgyrry ye-Uggyaum-River uqede indaba yesakhiwo ngokuwa kweTungusian Meteorite endaweni yasempumalanga yeSiberia.
Abamele imboni yomculo nabo abadlulanga into yeTungus. Isibonelo, kwesinye seziqeshana ze-Metallica Group, le ndaba ichaza izingxabano zezingxabano zangezelelesi ezitholakala ekwindla ze-meteorite, ezisiza i-USSR ukusungula ukulawula okuphelele emhlabeni.
Izisulu
Ukuthembela ekwamukelweni kososayensi abavela e-US Universist kanye nozakwabo abavela eRussia, kungenzeka ukuthi lokho ngento enezinto zeTungusky sekuyinhlanhla, ngoba isikhala esivela esikhaleni "sinciphise inombolo wezisulu - imephu ikhombisa ukuthi indawo yokuwa isuswe kakhulu ekutheni zingaki izindawo ezinkulu.
Abaphenyi baqhuba inhlolovo enkulu phakathi kofakazi bokuzibonela balezo zehlakalo - bafaka izakhamizi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili. Kungenzeka ukusungula ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuqhuma endaweni yokuhlulwa, kwatholakala abantu abangama-30 kuphela. Abaningi abadangele futhi bathola ukulimala okunzima futhi bathola okungenani abathathu abashonile.
Ezinye izindawo zokuwa kwemephu yomhlaba
Phakathi kokuwa kweTungus Meteorite, okungenani kunemicimbi emibili.
- IBrazil Tunguska. Ngo-Agasti 1930, ngemuva kokuba ilanga libomvu ngokukhanyayo, kwaqala imvula emlotheni, nomhlaba wazwakala ngokulandelayo, umhlaba wathuthumela. Umsindo omkhulu wasakazekela ku-240 km kusukela ku-epicenter, azwakala emadolobheni ase-Esperance ne-atalaya - awenza uNorthy. Izakhamizi zakule ndawo zithola konke okwenzeka njengokuzivocavoca amasosha - ngemuva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu kuphela abazifundile enkosini yaseFedele D'Fedoro ebukhona bama-meteorites nokuthi labo bawela emhlabeni.
- Imoto kaVitim. NgoSepthemba 2002, eduze nasedolobhaneni laseMose Irkutsk esifundeni, ozibonela lowo ofakazi bokuzibonela babona imoto ekhazimulayo, into ethile yahambisana nemisindo ethile futhi igqamo. Ngokuya ngokubuyekezwa ngofakazi bokuzibonela, umzimba wawuqhathanise nenyanga ebonakalayo, nemisebe yayo isikhathi eside ekhanyiswe ihlathi le-taiga. Ensimini lapho indawo yesikhala ifike khona, isimo sakhiwa, ngesilinganiso esincane, kwenzeka okuphindaphindayo ePodcast Tungusky Pool.
Amacala okudlula kwezidumbu ze-cosmic ngomkhathi womhlaba azikashadi. Ngenhlanhla, ngesikhathi sokuba khona kwesintu, lolu hlobo lwemicimbi aluzange luholele enhlekelele emhlabeni jikelele. Ngasikhathi sinye, iTungusian Meteorite, kanye nezibonelo ezinjengaye, zibonisa: abantu kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi bahlale bephapheme, futhi ososayensi balandele isikhala esiseduze ukuze babe nesikhathi esiphuthumayo sokuba nesikhathi sokuba nesikhathi sokuba nesikhathi sokuba nesikhathi sokuba nesikhathi sokuba nesikhathi esiphuthumayo sokuba nesikhathi sokuba nesikhathi sokuba nesikhathi sokuba nesikhathi sokuba nesikhathi esiphuthumayo sokuba nesikhathi sokuba nesikhathi sokuba nesikhathi sokuba nesikhathi sokuba nesikhathi sokuba nesikhathi sokuba nesikhathi esiphuthumayo sokuba nesikhathi sokuhlakulela uhlelo vimbela usongo lwe-extraterrestrial.