I-Biograge
UMikhail Chekhov - Umlingisi waseRussia, umqondisi kanye nothisha weshashalazi. Isibalo sokudala, sisebenze ohlelweni lweStanislavsky futhi sakha indlela yomlobi. Ngokuzikhumbula, umculi nomqondisi bashiya izithombe eziningi emisebenzini namatshe ifilimu, izincwadi nezindatshana eziphathelene nomsebenzi owenziwayo. UChe khokhov ungumngane wabasunguli bakaMkhat, okwazile ukuzuza ukuthandwa eYurophu naseMelika. Ubeke omunye umuntu ngezindawo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo, ezifundwayo futhi zaholelwa amasemina abaculi besikhathi esizayo.Ubuntwana nentsha
UMikhail Alexandrovich Chekhov ngumshana we-playwright edumile u-Anton Chekhov. Uyise womfana, njengesihlobo sakhe, wazama yena ezincwadini. Ngo-1888, u-Alexander Chekhov waba ngumfelwa futhi ngemuva konyaka olandelayo washada nomthelela osebenza nezingane zakhe. Wamethula nendodana kaMikhail.
Umfana wazalwa 17 (29) Agasti 1891 eSt. Petersburg nasebusheni wakhombisa ukuthambekela kokudala. Ababelethi bakubonile, futhi uYise wayekholelwa ukuthi indlalifa yakhe izokhula ngumlingisi onethalente. I-Putal enhle ye-misha yobuciko obumangalisayo. Ngo-1907, waba ngumfundi wesikole sethiyetha emphakathini wezemibhalo nezobuciko. Isikweletu esihle senzeka ngaphakathi kohlaka lwemikhiqizo yama-amateur.
Othisha baphawule ukuthi uMisha waphumelela kakhulu ezithombeni zamahlaya futhi uyakwazi ukuhlanganisa izinhlamvu eziciniwe. Njengoba eseqede ukuqeqeshwa, le nsizwa yaba yilungu le-Troupe yeSuvorin Theatre, eyasebenza uhhafu wonyaka. Ngo-1912, umuntu omaziyo noKonstantin Stanislavsky, uMikhail uthole isimemo sokubambisana neMHT.
I-Theatre namafilimu
Iqhawe lokuqala lemidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseMoscow ye-Che khokhov yaba vaska kusukela e-Ivan Turgenev. Umculi we-novice wakujabulela ukuvela ngamathemba. Kwabe sekuziwa ngokuvulwa kwesitudiyo eMHT. Kusukela ngalowomzuzu kuqhubeke, uMikhail wabandakanyeka esimweni esiyinhloko esixukwini, bese kuthi ezindimeni eziyinhloko, nase studio ngaphansi kobuholi buka-Evgeny Vakhthitsky kanye neLeopold Solerzhitsky.Ngo-1913, umculi waqala ukuba phambi kwelensi yefilimu, enze ngendlela kaMikhail Romanov kwifilimu ethi "ukuphathwa kathathu kokubusa kwendlu yeRomanov". Ukulandela le filimu kufakwe izinkanyezi ezithombeni ezi-5 ezithule. Ngokufana, waya e-Studio Scene e-Art Theatre esesithombeni sokuhamba "Iholidi Lamaholide", wadlala i-EPODOVA ekwakhekeni okukhulu kweseshayezi. Eminyakeni engu-2 ezayo, umlingisi wayevame ukubandakanyeka ezenzweni ezihlelwe yiStanislavsky.
Ngo-1915th kwaletha indima yendima endimeni "yokuhlinzwa" ne- "Cricket". Ubuye wafaka endaweni yesehlakalo sokugaya kusuka kuma-play "uzamcolo", owangena estudiyo. UStanislavsky umema uChekisov ukuthi adlale uTrepleva ku "Seagull" odumile ngo-1916, kepha umculi wehlulekile, ukungezwa kokudangala kwenziwa. Isimo sengqondo esiyinkimbinkimbi somuntu wokudala kwakungelula ukuchaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngalesi sikhathi, umzala, ofayo uMikhail akhathazekile futhi wanquma ukulahla indima.
UChekhov wasebenza njengohlelo lokuba khona kokwenza, okwashunyayelwa esitudiyo sakhe, kwasungulwa ngo-1918 efulethini lakhe. UStanislavsky ngokwakhe wakhuthaza la makilasi. Umlingisi ukhiphe izindatshana eziningana lapho ukuhlaziywa kwendlela edumile. UMdali weMkhat uphinde waphinda futhi ehlelwe i-malvolio ekwakhiweni kuka- "Twelve Night" futhi wadlala umlingiswa oyinhloko ku-Eric XIV. Ekufanisweni, uMikhail wafundisa amakhono okusebenza.
UChekhov wabandakanyeka ekwakhiweni komcwaningi mabhuku "weStanislavsky". Ama-xles akhe ayenokubuyekezwa kwabagxeki. Abadlali baxosha izibalo zokudala zaseRussia naseYurophu, ngemuva kokuvakashela izivakashi zaseLithuania, e-Estonia, eSlovenia kanye neCzech Republic.
Ngo-1922, wavuka ngesigqoko sesitudiyo sokuqala seMhat, okwathi ngonyaka olandelayo wayeneminyaka eyi-10. Umdwebi uchaze uHamlet. I-Premier yathola ukuhlolwa okumangazayo, kepha ngesikhathi sikaChekhov sika sobala. Waba ngumculi ofaneleke kahle wamashashalazi wezemidlalo. Ngaleso sikhathi, isitudiyo sokuqala saqanjwa kabusha ngesibili.
Ngo-1926, i-studio yaba nengxenye. UChekhov wenqabile ukweqa i-Alexander Ostrovsky esiteji "sezimpisi nezimvu" ekwakhiweni kwe-Alexei yasendle. I-Anatoly LunacArsky yangenelela. I-Troupe ayengafuni ukusebenza nendle, futhi inkontileka naye ayihlose ukunwebeka. Isikhundla esiyinkimbinkimbi kwakuyisithiyo ekuhambeni kwabavakashi e-United States, okwahlelela uStanislavsky. Ngenxa yalokhu kuqhubeka kwecala, uMikhail Chekhov waba yisodwa sokufaka isitudiyo ngesiphakamiso somlutha wezidakamizwa.
Ukuba yinhloko, akazange enqabe imisebenzi yobuciko futhi waqhubeka nokuhlungwa. Ngo-1927, i-premiere yefilimu "yomuntu yokudlela", ebhekwa njengezibi kakhulu e-Cinematic Biography yendoda.
Ukuhlola indlela yeStanislavsky, ngo-1928 uChekhov wakhipha incwadi ethi "Indlela Yesidlali". Ngaleso sikhathi esifanayo, hhayi izinkanuko eziphelile zezinkanuko ezibusayo enkundleni yemicimbi yakudala, wanquma ukumshiya, kepha umhlangano wenqaba. Umlingisi uthathe ikhefu elincane ukuze alungise impilo, futhi yena wavuma ukuthi adubule eTroaka Tape yomqondisi waseJalimane weMax Reinhardt.
Ubuye wadlala naku- "abaculi". Ngemuva kwalokho walandela umsebenzi kumafilimu "isiwula ngenxa yothando", "Isipoki senjabulo", "umculi wosizi wakhe". Njengomqondisi, wabeka "ubusuku beshumi nambili" kanye ne- "Gabima", ukuthola ukuqashelwa phesheya njengomhleli wethiyetha.
Umculi wasebenza phesheya, wahlela ukuvulwa kwesikole esisebenzayo eFrance futhi wadala inhlangano yabangane beTheisene Chekhhov eParis, yaqasha igumbi lokusebenza. Bathola abashisekeli abasekela iphrojekthi yakhe ngokwezezimali, kepha imikhiqizo yokuqala yabonakala kunesibalo sokudala esingagculisi. Waqala ukuxoxisana ngokubambisana ne-Riga Theatre yeDrama yaseRussia, lapho athumela khona imidlalo eminingana.
UMikhail Chekhov wasebenza kakhulu eduzane naphesheya - latvia, estonia, eLithuania futhi wahlela izingqungquthela, echaza abadlali bendlela yeStanislavsky. Ubuye wakhuluma ngombono wakhe wobukhona bokudala endaweni yesehlakalo. Ngo-1935, uChekhhov Theatre ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe wanikeza uhambo e-United States.
Isisebenzi sethiyetha sithole isimemo sokubambisana kusuka kusitudiyo sesitudiyo saseNgilandi Dartanton Hall futhi sasebenza lapho kusukela ngo-1936 kuya ku-1938. Isikhundla esingazinzile eYurophu silindele impi yempi eyaphoqa umlingisi enkampanini yabantu abanomqondo ofanayo kusuka e-studio yakhe ukuze bathuthele e-United States. Lapho, hhayi kude neNew York, waphinda wathatha umqondisi, wabeka umdlandla kaWilliam Shakespeare.
Esikhathini sesikhathi sempi, uChekhov umise umsebenzi weshashalazi weshashalazi futhi waphendukela e-cinema, efaka inkani emigqeni "ngengoma ngeRussia" futhi "esikhathini sethu." Esikhathini sethu. " Ngo-1945, kwalethwa isithombe esithi "Enchanted", lapho umdwebi ethola ukuphakanyiswa kuka-Oscar. Kwalandelwa yithiphu "Ghost Rosa", "Funga!" nabanye.
Ngalesi sikhathi, uChekhov wanaka kakhulu nge-pedagogy. Ukhulule incwadi ethi "Esezingeni le-Actor", elalichaza umbono wakhe wokuba khona esiteji. Wayenesithakazelo kubadlali, phakathi kwabo kanye noMarlyn Monroe. Umqondisi kwakuwumbhali owenziwayo eshashalazini yelebhu eHollywood.
Izinkinga zempilo zaphoqa umqondisi ukuthi ashiye umqondisi futhi agxile kuma-pedagogy. Ekhuluma ngesikole sakhe, esakhelwe kwinqubo yeStanislavsky, uChekhhov uzuze ukuthandwa kubadlali bakwa-phesheya. Iqiniso Elithakazelisayo: Isitudiyo salowo mqondisi sithonya kakhulu izinhlelo zokubamba zaseYurophu.
Wagxila ekwakhekeni kwe-repertoire, i-psychotechnic of the actor kanye nokuba khona kwayo. Ubuqambi beCechova bathola isilinganiso esiphakeme eHollywood, kanti imali yayihlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Isizathu salokhu sasilonda futhi eqinisweni lokuthi wayephakathi kwabalandeli bakaStanislavsky, okwazile ukusebenza nenkosi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UMikhail Chekhov waqala washada ngo-1914. Ukhetho lwakhe kwakungu-Olga Chekhov, owaziwa ngemibuthano yaseshashalazini ngaphansi kwegama lokuqala lencwadi. Wangezelela owesibili kuye ngemuva komshado. Intombazane yabalwa umshana wenkosikazi ka-Antea Chekhhov.
Ngaphezu kwendodakazi ka-Olga, kwakungekho zingane ezivela kubalingani. Njengabazali, intombazane yakhetha umsebenzi wokudala, yaba ngumlingisi. Impilo yomuntu siqu no-Olga ayizange isebenze, futhi uMikhail washiya umkakhe ngo-1917.
Ngokwesibili le ndoda yahlanganiswa nomshado noKsenia Tsiller, umJalimane yimvelaphi.
Ukushona
Isibalo saseNshilofi safa ngo-1955. Imbangela yokufa kwakungukuphazamiseka kwe-myocardial infarder. Ngalesi sikhathi, uMikhail Chekhov wayehlala e-United States, ngakho-ke umngcwabo nokungcwatshwa kwe-URN nothuli kwadlula eLos Angeles. Ithuna lakhe lisehlathini - amathuna eSilondo Memorisi.Ukulungiswa kwe-Creative kanye nokufeza uMikhail Chekhov kusendaweni engafanele ekhohlwa ekhaya. Esikhundleni sakhe, wakhalaza ngawo-1980s. Uhlelo lukaChekhov lwaziwa, kanye nezinkundla zemidlalo yakuxoxa ngayo nge-par nendlela yeStanislavsky. Photo Chekhov, kanye namafilimu ngokubamba iqhaza kwakhe, kungatholakala kwi-Intanethi.
Izics
- Ngo-1913 - "Ukubusa kwamakhulu amathathu kwendlu yeRomanov"
- Ngo-1914 - "Lapho izintambo zenhliziyo zizwakala"
- 1915 - "Ikhilikithi esithandweni"
- Ngo-1915 - "" Isimanga seKhabhinethi "
- Ngo-1916 - "Thanda Okumangalisa Ngeze"
- Ngo-1927 - "Umuntu ovela endaweni yokudlela"
- 1929 - "Izipoki Zenjabulo"
- Ngo-1929 - "I-Jester yothando lwayo"
- 1930 - ITroika
- Ngo-1944 - "IsiHlabelelo saseRussia"
- 1944 - "Namuhla"
- 1945 - "Ukulinda"
- 1946 - "" I-Irish Rosa Ebby "
- Ngo-1948 - "ITexas, eBrooklyn nezulu"
- Ngo-1954 - "I-RapseOdy"