I-Biograge
I-British Submarine Florence Flashneyale yaduma njengomguquki wezenhlalo, izibalo kanye nomsunguli wobuhlengikazi banamuhla. Njengoba usuthole lo msebenzi, engaziwa ngabamele umphakathi we-aristocract, phakathi neminyaka yempi yaseCrimea, lona wesifazane wangena endaweni evelele ngaphambili futhi wabandakanyeka enhlanganweni yokunakekelwa kwamasosha alimazayo.
Esikhathini sokuthula, uFlorence wasungula iLondon School of Nurses futhi wathola izinsizakalo zokwelashwa ezithuthukisiwe zazo zonke izingqimba zomphakathi waseBrithani. Ngokubhala inzuzo embalwa elula futhi engabizi kakhulu, i-Planeneyl isebenzise izindlela zezibalo zenhlalo futhi ihlele iqoqo lemininingwane yesineke eyayisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuhlaziya isimo ezweni.
Ubuntwana nentsha
UFlorence Notenteyl wazalwa ngoMeyi 12, 1820 eFlorence futhi wathola igama ukuhlonipha le ndawo yasendulo nenhle. Igama lokugcina lentombazane lizuze kuYise-British, elamukele ijazi lezingalo nefa evela kumakhokho avela emibuthanweni ephezulu kakhulu ye-aristosc. Bazali, bangenamkhawulo izindlela, babevame ukuhamba emhlabeni wonke, futhi ingane, kanye nabafowethu abathathu kanye nodadewethu, ebuntwaneni bachitha emigwaqweni emaphepheni abizayo emhlabeni.
Naphezu kwalokhu, isizukulwane esincane sasePlashneyaleov sathola imfundo enhle, futhi amantombazane asezandleni nabafana balwazi kahle isiLatini, isiGreki sasendulo, isiJalimane nesiFulentshi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubaba wabhekisisa kakhulu idiploma kanye nesayensi enembile futhi wafundisa izingane zezibalo nokubhala. Ngolwazi olunjalo, uFlorence uqokomise okuningi ngokulwa nesizinda sabanye abasebasha abacabanga ngeqembu elihle, indlu kanye nempilo kanokusho.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1830s, le ntombazane yangena emphakathini ophakeme waseParis futhi yamelwa ngabantu abasha bemvelaphi enhle. Abazali bazame ukuqinisekisa ikusasa lendodakazi yakhe futhi bengacabangi ukuthi ama-ballsions namasu akhe angenandaba. Ukuphela kwesizathu sokuthi uFlorence avele emhlabeni wonke ayenobungani ne-eccentric ne-Advanced British Clark.
Owesifazane ovuthiwe owadelela i-hemishiseaness, wayevame ukwenqaba umphakathi onzima, akhetha isikhathi sokuchitha isikhathi enkampanini yabantu - abahleli. Kodwa-ke, uFlorence weza kuye enomqondo ohlukunyeziwe kanye nomlingiswa oqinile, owavunyelwa ukuba amukele futhi ahlukanise umbono wokuguqula ukulingana ngokobulili.
Ukuxhumana nomngane wakhe kuthonye i-aristocrat ebukeziwe, futhi wanquma ukunikela ngempilo yabo ukuze akhonze abantu futhi asebenze njengomhlengikazi esikhungweni sokwelapha abampofu.
ENgilandi, lo msebenzi wawubhekwa njengongafanele futhi oziphethe kabi, futhi abesifazane abanakekela iziguli ezingabonakali babeyizimo zotshwala, noma izifebe. Ngalezi zizathu, abazali bavimba uFlorence ukuba ahambe kulokhu, kwathi ngokokuqala ngqa, indodakazi elalelayo yaphatha ngenhlonipho ngesinqumo esinjalo.
Ngo-1844 kuphela, intombazane evuthiwe yavukela umndikimba womkakhe noMama yabelwa futhi yamemezela izihlobo ezithukuthele ngenhloso enzima yokuthola umsebenzi.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoNaphezu kokumelana nomndeni kanye nemihlangano yomphakathi, uFlorence wasebenza kanzima ukuze afunde ukunakekelwa okufanele kweziguli. Wazi kahle le sayensi ekuhambeni e-Italy, eGrisi naseGibhithe. Kudayari, le ntombazane yabhala lokho ngezikhathi ezithile ngathola izwi likaNkulunkulu, owanxusa ukuba enze umhlatshelo ngedumela lezenzo ezinhle.
Ukuba yinkolo, i-Flashneyale, walalela umyalo phezu kwawo, ekubeni emphakathini wamaLuthere waseJalimane, wajoyina umfundisi wendawo waphathwa yiziguli ezingezinhle ezincishwe amathuba. Lesi sipiliyoni, nge-par evakashele esikhungweni sesonto eKaiserverte, saphenduka e-biography yaso futhi sabonisa incwadi engaziwa yaletha ezweni lakubo ngo-1851.
Umuthi kanye nomusa
Ngo-1853, izihlobo zaphothulwa nempilo kaFlorence futhi zamvumela ukuba athathe isikhundla soSuperintendent eLondon Institute yabesifazane abagulayo bendabuko enhle. Le ntombazane ayizange ithathe imali yokusebenza, njengoba ubaba eyabelwe imali yakhe eqinile yonyaka ongaqhubeka nayo umsebenzi wami futhi uphile impilo ekhululekile.Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoNgakho-ke kwaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho ukuwa kwango-1854 kuya e-UK akufikanga izimo ezimbi ezibhedlela ezingaphambili zempi yaseCrimea. I-Platerneyl yayisamukela olwazini futhi njengengxenye yabahlengikazi abangama-38 - amavolontiya namavolontiya kanye nezindela ezi-15 zangena olwandle eMbusweni we-Ottoman.
Ngemuva kohambo olude, ithimba labekwa ekamukeni lama-Scouts, lapho abasebenzi bezokwelapha abangenandaba nabahamba kancane bengakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukunakekelwa okufanele kwamasosha alimele. Njengomphumela wokuntuleka kwemithi, izinto zokugqoka kanye nemishini emagcekeni okulapha, ukutheleleka kusatshalaliswa, okwandisa iphesenti lokushona kwabantu bempi.
Odade bezokwelapha bebengakwazi ngokushesha ukulungela isimo ngesimo, kepha ngenxa yalokho, ukuhlanzeka kokuqala kwasiza ukunciphisa inani lama-sorew kusuka ku-42% kuya ku-2% kuya ku-2%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uFlorence zonke iphephandaba iphephandaba afaka isicelo sosizo kuhulumeni waseBrithani, kwathi ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha iKhomishini yeSanitary ikhile izimo ezamukelekayo kwabathintekayo - yasula imigodi yemfucuza kanye nomoya omncane.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoKuyathakazelisa iqiniso lokuthi inzalo engazange ilinganise ukufaneleka kwe-antentey yagxeka imisebenzi kadadewethu waseBrithani. Ngo-2001 nango-2008, isiteshi se-BBC sikhiphe amafilimu amadokhumenti lapho ukubaluleka komsebenzi wayo kuqondwe ngokuqinile. Kodwa-ke, ababhali balezi zindaba abakwazanga ukusho ukuthi lapho bonke odokotela beya emathendeni ubusuku ubusuku, uFlorence, owathola intokazi yesidlaliso ngesibani, waqhubeka nokwenza usuku olungenamsolo.
Okunye ukufezekiswa okungenakuqhathaniswa kukaFlorence kwakungukuqoqwa kwezibalo ezigulini zesibhedlela kanye ne-accounting ehlelekile yokufa nokululama. Lesi sipiliyoni sisetshenziswe ngokushesha esibhedlela saseSt. Thomas eLondon, lapho iCwmberenele British yahlela khona isikole sokuqala abahlengikazi abaqeqeshiwe ezimalini zesiKhwama.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoAbakwa iziqu zalesi sikole basheshe bathole umsebenzi ezibhedlela ezihamba phambili zeGreat Britain, eCanada, eJapan nase-United States futhi bakwazi ukudlulisa isipiliyoni esitholwe abanye osebenza nabo abaqeqeshiwe.
Ngo-1883, uFlorence uthole umyalo we- "Royal Red Cross" kanye nomvuzo wesibhedlela saseSt. JOJOJE, wabe eseba ngowesifazane wokuqala angeniswa emphakathini ovaliwe wezakhamizi ezivelele, ehlelwe ngo-1902 yiBritish Monarch Edwarch VII .
Izincwadi
Ebusheni, uFlorence wathola umkhuba wokuqopha okubonile kanye nezitatimende zabantu abahlangabezana phakathi nohambo lwangaphandle, futhi athumele imiyalezo emide kudadewethu omdala, owachaza okuhlangenwe nakho okutholakele. Yilawa makhasi, ashicilelwe ngokungaziwa eLondon, futhi abe ngukuqala wemibhalo we-Plantneyale, owanquma ukuhlanganisa umsebenzi wodadewethu kanye noMphakathi.
Lapho usuqede impi yaseCrimea, esebenza njengomeluleki, uPlashneyale ngesisekelo sohlelo lakhe lokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi basesibhedlela babhala incwadi ebizwa nge- "QAPHELA UKUTHOLA" UKUTHOLAKALA KWAMAKHAYA EKHAYA.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoNgaphezu kwezinto zokuqeqesha, umsebenzi wawuqukethe uhlu lwezindlela okuhloswe ngazo ukuvikela izifo futhi uvikele ukusatshalaliswa kwezifo kanye nezifo ezifo.
Lolu hlobo, olushicilelwe ngasekupheleni kwawo-1850s, luthengile amakhulu amaBrithani futhi ekugcineni lwathatha indawo ebaluleke kakhulu kwezokwelapha nasemlandweni wokwakhiwa kwecala lobuhlengikazi. Ucwaningo lwezibalo lweFlorence, luhlinzeke ngemininingwane ehlelwe ngokwezibalo ekuphathweni kweziguli ezibhedlela, zithole ukubaluleka okukhulu.
Babesemsebenzini wakhe kanye nemisebenzi yenkolo eyasiza abantu bathole iqiniso futhi bazixazulule. Ngo-1860, uhlelo lwe-3-Tomnoy olunikezelwe esontweni, uNkulunkulu nendawo yabo empilweni yabantu banyatheliswa ngokwengxenye ezimalini zalo uFlorence.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ebusheni bakhe, ukwahlulela ngezithombe nemidwebo, i-Flashneyale yayiyintombazane ekhangayo, ethambile nenomusa. Yize ukuziphatha kwe-aristocrats ephindaphindwayo kwakuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi iSurov, umphakathi wawukholwa ukuthi wayenobuhle, ofundile futhi efundile ekhethekile.Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoAmadoda awazange ahambe eFlorence alalelisisa, futhi abalandeli abaningi kakhulu besopolitiki kanye nembongi uRichard Montns Milns. I-Plantneyale ngezikhathi ezithile yahlangana nensizwa futhi yahola izingxoxo ezivuselelekile zezwe. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-9 yokuqomisana, lona wesifazane wenqabile lowo okhethwayo ngesandla nasenhliziyweni, waqiniseka ukuthi umyeni wakhe, izingane kanye nezinkathazo zomndeni zizomvimbela ukuba alandele umsebenzi omuhle womhlengikazi.
Ungenzi imingcele phakathi kokusebenza kanye nempilo yomuntu siqu, uFlorence kwesinye isikhathi wathola imizwa yeziguli zabo. Kamuva, lobu bukhulu obungokwengqondo bokuziphatha kodokotela ukuhlonipha kwaqanjwa ngomthelela noma nge-syndrome ye-planegelyl.
Ukushona
Eminyakeni evuthiwe, impilo ye-plantlyyale yabuthaka ngenxa yokutheleleka kwe-zoonotic, eyaziwa ngokuthi iBruculyIa. Naphezu kwezimpawu eziningi ezazihlanganisa ukucindezelwa nokungasebenzi kahle, lona wesifazane waqhubeka nokuhola abahlengikazi besikole futhi wahlanganyela ekubhaleni imisebenzi yesayensi nangobuntatheli.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoEkuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1900s, ukusebenza kwehle kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yobumpumputhe kanye nokwephulwa kwamakhono engqondo, iningi lesikhathi uFlorence lalala embhedeni, kwesinye isikhathi lizibuza izindaba zamanje.
UCarmneyale waphila nokuguga okujulile nango-Agasti 13, 1910 eminyakeni engama-90, ngokuthula wafa ekhaya lakhe. Izihlobo azizange zikubone kudingekile ukuthola imbangela yokufa komsunguli weSikole Sabahlengikazi futhi kwangcwaba isidumbu emathuneni aseSt. Margarita.
Ukukhumbula
Eminyakeni engu-2 emva kokufa kowesifazane, iNhlangano Yezizwe Yamazwe Okomhlaba wonke yasungula iMedal yeFlorence, futhi usuku lokuzalwa kwalo kwakuyiholide laphesheya kwabahlengikazi.
Ngo-1913, eFlorentine Basilica edumile, uSanta Croce wafaka itshe lesikhumbuzo ePlashneyale, eyenziwe nguSculptor Francis Willant Sargant kusuka kuCarrarsky Mabulan, bese kuthi izithombe zesineka zivele ezigcawini nasemigwaqweni yaseLondon.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imnyuziyamu enikezelwe kwi-biography futhi umsebenzi womhlengikazi ongenakuphikwa wavula ekwakhiweni kwesibhedlela saseBrithani saseSt. St., Kanye nokuchazwa kuchazwa ngeSarrack Selimini, etholakala eBarracks Simimi e-Istanbul.