I-Biograge
Isazi sezengqondo saseSoviet LevEnovich Vygotsky sasingumthombo wombono wesiko nangokomlando, ukuhlela umphakathi wabacwaningi bezindlela ezintsha zezindlela ezintsha ezihlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwezingane. Ukuthuthukisa imibono eyenziwe, usosayensi kanye nodokotela babhala incwadi ethi "Psychology of Art" kanye nenqwaba yemisebenzi eqhubekayo nezindatshana.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Lev Semenovich Vygotsky (phambilini inzuzo) wazalwa ngoNovemba 17, 1896 edolobheni laseBelarusian e-Orsha futhi wayengowesibili ngobude bezingane uJuda uxhaso lwezezimali sim, uLabovich nomkakhe, uMfundisi kaCecilia uMose. Ubuntwana isazi sezengqondo esizayo esichithwe eGomeli, lapho uYise esebenza khona njengomsizi kumphathi wesikhungo esikhulu sasebhange futhi ngokufana nalokhu wawubandakanyekile ekuhwebeni ehlathini.
Lapho, uLeva, kanye nabafowethu nodadewethu abayisikhombisa, kwadlula inkambo yokuqeqeshwa ekhaya kuthisha kaSolomoni Asshiz, owayenza izindlela zefilosofi yasendulo yamaGrikhi uSocrates futhi wadumaza ngentando yeningi nentando yezenhlalo. Ukuxhumana nalo thisha, kanye nezihlobo eziningi zathonya i-biography yesikhathi esizayo yomfana.
Ngo-1913, edlula esigabeni semfundo yesibili, ibhubesi elinolwazi lwe-Esperanto nesiGrikhi sasendulo badlula ngempumelelo izivivinyo zokungena enyakatho-yunivesithi yaseMoscow futhi abakwazanga ukunquma ngekusasa, amasiko usosayensi noma udokotela.
Ngenxa yalokho, ngemuva kokuhumusha okuningi komJuda osemusha kwathola idipripdium yoMnyango WezeFilosofi wesikhungo semfundo ephakeme. A. L. Schinayavsky futhi isikhathi sabhalela omagazini futhi sasebenza njengothisha. Futhi ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1920, ngesisekelo sesikole sezobuchwepheshe sendawo abahamba ngezinyawo, wafaka izivivinyo emkhakheni wezengqondo, ngoba inkomfa ye-theratic yaseRussia yaqoqa imiphumela etholakele futhi yashicilela umbiko wokuqala wesayensi.
Incwadi ehlukene yengqondo
Ngo-1924, uLev Semenovich wahlangana nososayensi abasebasha u-Alexander Luria kanye naye wasungula umbuthano ocwaningayo. ENhloko yale nhlangano, uVygotsky wathatha uhambo lwangaphandle oluya eJalimane nase-United Kingdom. Ukuvikela i-thesis esephenduke incwadi ethi "Psychology of Art" kanye nesigaba esigcwalisiwe "Abanye Easy" nabanye, bathola isimo somcwaningi omkhulu, olingana neziqu zesimanje zokwenziwa kwesayensi yezokwelapha.Ngo-1925, kwangabaza uhlobo olundayo lwesifo sofuba, kwathi amanothi, kamuva ashicilelwe njengegama elithi "nencazelo yomlando yenhlekelele yezengqondo." Kulomsebenzi, umbhali wagxeka umzamo wokuhlaziya abantu ngokuziphatha komuntu ngosizo lwemiqondo yokuqala kanye nesisekelo sengqondo yezingane nezephulelo kwanikeza incazelo yokwazi, okuyinto yakhe, ehambelana nomqondo wokuhlanya futhi Izenzo zengqondo ezazinencazelo enamandla.
Esezinhlelweni zokubhala umsebenzi olandelayo, enyatheliswa ngo-1934 ebizwa nge- "Ecabangayo Nenkulumo", udokotela wezengqondo usuthuthukile ngokusebenzisa i-carcice and petagogical esiteshini saseMoscow kanye ne-pedagogical, eyaguqulwa yaba yisikhungo sokucwaninga saseRussia.
Futhi-ke imisebenzi yombuthano "we-vygotsky-Luria" yadluliselwa kwilebhu yesinye isikhungo saseMoscow, lapho usosayensi wethule ukwazi komuntu njengeqoqo lemisebenzi, lenziwa umqondo wenqubo eyodwa yezengqondo.
Ngawo-1930s, uLev Semenovich wathuthukisa izinkomba ezahlukahlukene zezengqondo ezihamba ngezinyawo wabeka izisekelo zemibono yamasiko nangokomlando. Njengoba usuthole idiploma ye-Psychooneurolological Academy, wabhekisa uMnyango esikhungweni seMoscow, i-Wiem.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Igalelo elikhulu kusayensi yesayensi yaseSoviet lifakwe inzalo yempilo yomuntu siqu kaLev Senonovich, kodwa, ngaphandle kwalokhu, e-biosa yakhe kwakukhona indawo yolwazi ngonkosikazi wakhe uRosa Navern UGita no-Asa - amadodakazi amabili.
Njengoba esevuthiwe, amantombazane ahamba ezinyathelweni zomzali futhi enza umsebenzi emkhakheni wezengqondo, devercology kanye ne-biology, kwathi ngo-1996 baba ngababhali bencwadi ethi "L. S. Vygotsky. Imivimbo kuya ku-Portrait "nezithombe ezabiwe nemidwebo engashicilelwe egciniwe kungobo yomndeni.
Ukushona
Iminyaka engu-15, uLev Semenovich waphishekela izinkinga namaphaphu, ngoJuni 11, 1934 isizathu sokufa okungazelelwe nokuzinzile kwakuwukuhlaselwa okukhulu kwesifo sofuba.Ngokwesicelo sezihlobo izinyanga eziyi-12 ngemuva kokushiswa kwesidumbu, i-URN enomlotha wesosayensi wezengqondo yangcwatshwa emathuneni ama-Novodevichy, futhi i-bibliography yakhe yesayensi yagcwaliswa ngemisebenzi eminingana engashicilelwe.
Amacaphuna
- "Ingane engakaze ibonwe kuphela iyadingeka kuphela lapho esemiswe kahle eVyslichna."
- "Inhlekelele ingukugqwala kwamandla abantu aphezulu, ngakho-ke kuyinto enkulu."
- "Umuntu wabo bonke umzuzu ugcwele amathuba angenakwenzeka."
- "Ukuba nokuphela kwendlela, kungenzeka ukuthi uqonde kalula yonke indlela ephelele, kanye nencazelo yezigaba ngazinye."
- "Ukwenziwa kwesenzo esizenzakalelayo akusho lutho lwethu noma yimuphi umsebenzi. Abukho ubunzima, kusho ukuthi asikho isidingo, ngakho-ke akukho kungazi. "
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1924 - "Ukwazi" njengenkinga yezengqondo zokuziphatha "
- Ngo-1927 - "Inhloso Yomlando Wenhlupheko Yengqondo"
- Ngo-1928 - "Inkinga Yokuthuthuka Kwamasiko Kwengane"
- Ngo-1929 - 1931 - "Teen petalogy"
- Ngo-1929 - "I-Psychology ethile yomuntu"
- Ngo-1931 - "Umlando Wokuthuthuka Kwemisebenzi Ephakeme Yengqondo"
- Ngo-1931 - "Ukucabanga Nokukhuluma"
- 1932 - "Izinkulumo nge-Psychology"
- Ngo-1934 - "Inkinga yentuthuko nokuwohloka kwemisebenzi ephakeme yengqondo"