Biography
UDan Xiaopin ipolitiki yaseTshayina, idume ngokudibanisa iikhonsane eziguquliweyo ngokupheleleyo-ubuKomanisi kunye noqoqosho lweentengiso. I-biography yendoda igcwele kukuhlaselwa kwaye iwele. Izihlandlo ezithathu ezilahlekileyo, eziya ekuthinjweni, kodwa zivele ngokuhlwaywa kwezopolitiko. Ngenxa yoko, ukulungisa igama lesidlaliso, lafunyanwa kumfundi. I-Xiaopic ibizwa ngokuba yibhotile yendlela ye-vodka, efana ne-vanka-sta-imile, ayinakwenzeka ukuba "ubeke amabala".Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umhlaziyi waseTshayina wazalelwa kwintsapho esisityebi yomnini-mhlaba omncinci kwaye esikolweni kwathiwa nguDan Xiansh. Abazali babezibini ezahlukileyo: utata ofundileyo, kwezopolitiko, kwaye umama ngumfazi ongafundanga ngaphandle kwentsapho engamahlwempu.
Xa inkwenkwe yaza iminyaka emine ubudala, umama wasweleka, eshiya umyeni wakhe abantwana abane. Utata wazama ukumisela ubomi bakho, ukutshata okwesibini. Isithethi esimkelwe iindlalifa zeqabane njengezalamane, uSianchean wayenolwalamano olushushu kunye naye.
Inkwenkwe ifundwe kwindawo yokuzivocavoca yabucala. Esikolweni, utitshala wanyanzelisa ukuba umfundi "waphinda wabizwa ngokuba": U-xiansshin uguqula 'njengezopolitiko ezipholileyo ", ukuze abepolitiki kamva ajika abe nguDan Sisyan.
Ngo-1920 uDan wadibana eFransi. Kweli lizwe, umntwana okwishumi elivisayo waya kunye nabafundi abangama-80 besikolo sabucala ukufumana ulwazi kootitshala bamanye amazwe. Ukuphila kwindlu yomzali bekungamnandi. I-Siiserence Scholarship yayikukwanele, ke lo mfana wasebenza kakhulu - umlindi, umlindi, oosomlimo kwisityalo serabha, nkqu ne-ore yentsimbi.
UDan ubuyise ikhaya kuphela emva kokunduluka. EFransi, umfana othile wanomdla kwiimbono zeMarxism, wangena kwizikhundla zemanyano yamaKomanisi oBini, emva koko waya kwiqela lamaKomanisi. Kungekudala yayikwisebe laseYurophu leManyano yoLutsha. Ngeli xesha, kwaye ndafumana igama lesidlaliso lweqela.
Ngobusika bowe-1926, uDan ehambahamba emhlabeni wawushiya umhlaba waseFrance waza wazifumana eMoscow. Inyaniso enomdla-yayihlala kwikomkhulu laseRussia phantsi kwefani yedosi (ngokwemithombo yolwazi, kodwa abaphandi babonisa impazamo). Ndiphinde ndahlala phantsi kwidesika, ngeli xesha iyunivesithi yabasebenzi baseMpuma. I. V. Stalin. Kwaye emva komnye unyaka, wayezifihle kwi-USSR, amava okutshintsha ubungxowa-mali ubuyezo, babuyela eTshayina, apho wayengena khona kwezopolitiko.
Ezopolitiko
Umsebenzi wezopolitiko waseDan Xiaopin waqala kwindawo enzulu engaphantsi komhlaba, kodwa kwizikhundla eziphezulu. Wayeyintloko yezopolitiko yesikolo sezopolitiko ezasemkhosini, uNobhala Jikelele weKomiti ePhakathi yeCPC, inkokeli yekomiti ephambili yekomiti ephakathi eShanghai, ephazamisa umkhosi obomvu wemikhosi. Ngaphantsi kwesiqalo sakhe, kwaqhambuka umthombo we-anti-Urhulumente emazantsi eTshayina, nangona kunjalo, ayiphumelelanga. Emva kokucinezelwa kweBanta, iXiapin yabalekelelwa eJiangxi, owaba yiRiphabliki yaseSoviet.
Ukungavisisani phakathi kwekomiti ephambili yeqela laseShanghai kunye nabo balawula ibhola kwiilali zezithili, bazibiza ngokuba ngabantu baseSoviet. Inkokeli yeqela elithi "Idolophu" lalingu-van min, ulwalathiso lwesibini lwalukhokelwa nguMao Zedong, icala lakhe lathatha iXiaopin. Ngo-1933, uDan wahluthwa zonke izithuba.
Ngexesha lemfazwe yamakhaya, lo mfana wayenenxaxheba kwiphulo elikhulu - igama elinjalo yayikukubaleka kwamaKomanisi aqaqambileyo kwabasisiseko se-China emazantsi e-china. UDan wabuyisa isithuba sentloko yekomiti ephakathi yekomiti ephambili, kwaye uYe- pitine uyazithemba.
URhulumente omtsha uzuze izikhundla, i-xiaopingd yadlala kumzabalazo ongengawo amandla angangenzi indima yokugqibela, indoda ekwindawo yomkhomishinam yasemkhosini yaququzelela ukusebenza kwemikhosi. Kubandakanya nabathengisi be-japan bazama ukubamba ilizwe ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1930s. Kweli phulo, uDan uphumelele ubuqaqawuli bomphathi-rele.
Xa, ekugqibeleni, iRiphabliki yaseTshayina yaseTshayina yazalwa, uDan Xiaopin waqhubeka imiyalelo yeqela ukuba alawule umzantsi-ntshona weKomiti.
Utshintsho
Kwisithuba se-50s, ngenxa yepolisi "yejezi enkulu", ebhengezwe nguMao Zedong, malunga nezigidi ezingama-30 abantu babhubha kweli lizwe. UDane Xiaopin kwafuneka aphathe imiphumo yohlengahlengiso olungaphumelelanga, ngalo ngo-1956 lwamba isikhundla sonobhala ngokubanzi weKomiti eNikelweyo ye-CCP.
Nangona kunjalo, kunye ne-Brezhnev Rulling ngeloxesha yiSoviet Union, isihloko esinye sasingasichazi. Ngokungafaniyo ne-leonlid illich, i-xiaopin yema kwindawo eyi-5-6 kwi-hierarchy kaRhulumente waseTshayina. Ngaphambi kokuqala utshintsho, indoda yathetha ingxelo yakhe edumileyo:
"Ayinamsebenzi ukuba yeyiphi imibala ikati emhlophe okanye emnyama, ukuba ubambe iimpuku kakuhle. Ayinamsebenzi, intlalontle okanye ubungxowankulu, eyona nto iphambili ukuze abantu baphile kakuhle. "Utshintsho lwezoqoqosho olunike iziqhamo: Indlala iyemiswa, uDan waqala ukufumana ukuthandwa phakathi kwenani labantu, awalihlawula ngalo. Ebudeni-60s Uguqulo lwenkcubeko lwaqalwa eTshayina. Utshaba lokuqala lwabhengezwa ngusihlalo we-PRC LIU SCAOQI, kwaye i-deng xiaopin nayo ingene kwi-opil. Uye wavuya zonke izikhundla noRepalalia, indoda ichithe iminyaka emibini iphantsi kophando, emva koko isebenze njengoomatshini kwitrektayina.
Ukubuyela kwezopolitiko kwanceda umhlobo wezopolitiko kwaye wanxulumana, inkulu, inkulumbuso yehou eglmsay, eyaphembelela iMao ukuba ikhuphe ithuba likaDan. I-xecong yaphinda yaguquka, kodwa emva kokusweleka kukaEnclay kwakhona yangena ekungazithembi kumandla. Kuyinyani, hayi ixesha elide. Emva kokubhubha kukaMao Zedun, ipolitiki iba yinkokeli yelizwe, nangona umntu olandelelayo wenkokeli yangaphambili ihleli kwinyaniso, iNkulumbuso iHiun.
Ekuqaleni kwe-80s, uDan washenxiswa iHofen, izikhundla ezahluliweyo phakathi kwabantu abathandanayo kwaye waqala utshintsho kwifama yase China. Oonobumba obizwa ngokuba yinguqulelo "yokuphucula izinto ezine" ezinemizi-mveliso, yenzululwazi, kunye nemveliso yokhuselo kunye nemveliso yeshishini.
Eyona nto iphambili ndenze inkokeli entsha, kwandula ke yahlulahlula ilizwe phakathi kwabalingane - enyanisweni, kwabakho i-decoillight. Abantu babemele ukuba banikezwe i-State imveliso "yesiqhelo", kodwa ngexabiso elimiselweyo. Ngenxa yesakhiwo solimo kwishumi leminyaka, eli lizwe linyusa ukuveliswa kokutya ngamaxesha ayi-1.5.
Amalungu e-Forlok Accoe afumene ilungelo lokwenza ishishini, abasebenzi abaqeshisayo. Ukusukela ngoko, imakethi yehlabathi yayigcwele iimpahla zexabiso eliphantsi kunye nezinye iimpahla. Ingcali yeAmerican Synan Salisbury ichaze igalelo likaXiaopin kwi-Chinap
"UDan wabuyisela umhlaba kwabalingane, wayitshabalalisa inkqubo ye-themoas kwaye ibukhangele iingxowa zabo zonakaliswa ngerayisi. Wazalisa iingxowa zabantu ngemali, imali abayifumana kuyo.Ukuphuhliswa komzi-mveliso omkhulu kube ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo womgaqo-nkqubo wasekhaya, ekuqaleni kokuqwalaselwa kwakhona kwakutsalwa kwitekhnoloji entsha. Umyili weze-hlengahlengiso lwamaTshayina, njengoko uDan Xiaopin ubizwa, ekwazi ukutsala abatyali abakhulu kwezorhwebo kweli lizwe.
Okokuqala, iNyaniso, abemi baseMelika, iJamani, i-UAE, iJapan yayisoyika ukutyala imali eChina. Kodwa uShinese waseTshayina abahlala eHong Kong noSingapore baqinisekisiwe - ukuba balondoloze kungekuphela kwelona lizwe linabantu abaninzi, kodwa likwafuna. Kwiminyaka yolawulo lukaDan, i-China ityale imali eyi- $ 650 yezigidi.
Ukuphuculwa kwamazwe amazwe angenayo nayiphi na into efana nezopolitiko ze-mingail gorbachesv, nangona kunjalo, yayiyinjongo yokutshabela. Iingcamango zotshintsho olubalulekileyo zivela phezulu, kodwa zathatyathwa kwiimfuno zabantu, ezixelwe ezantsi.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wokuguqula kunye nokuvuleleka kuchaphazele ubudlelwane namanye amazwe. I-China yenza ukuba abahlobo kunye neMelika, i-PRC neJapan. Ilizwe lelanga elinyukayo laqwalaselwa ukuba nentsebenziswano ethembisa kakhulu. Uloyiso olukhanyayo lomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle yayisisivumelwano kunye ne-UK kwimbuyekezo yase China Hong Kong, owayehlala kwiflegi yesiNgesi ngaphezulu kwenkulungwane.
UDan Xiaopin wawugcina ubunyani bamandla amaKomanisi. Kwaye emva kweshumi leminyaka yohlengahlengiso lwakhe kweli lizwe, kwasekwa inyathelo lenkululeko yenkululeko. Ngehlobo lowe-1989, izihlwele zabantu ziye zafikelela kwisikwere seBeijing. Iiveki ezimbalwa ziqhankqalazelwa, ngenxa yoko, uDan wayalela amandla ukuba asebenze isidubedube. Emva koko amawaka abemi babulawa. Kancinci emva kwexesha, iXiapin yavuma zonke iintsika, kwaye emva kweminyaka emithathu uphume kwezopolitiko ngonaphakade.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi obude bukaDan Xiaopin bakwazile ukutshata kathathu. Okokuqala ngqa ndibeka isitampu kwipasipoti kwiminyaka engama-23. I-chemistry eyintloko yeYunivesithi yaseMoscow I-Inuan yaba ngabanyuliweyo. Intombazana yafa emva nje kokuzalwa komntwana, kwiminyaka emibini emva komtshato. Iindlalifa zange baphile.
Umfazi wesibini uJin wasin wakhetha umgaqo-nkqubo wexesha elizayo, oya kuzukiswa ngezinto eziphezulu, elinye inani lamaKomanisi.
Eli qabane lesithathu liye lahlala ne-xiapic de kube sekupheleni kobomi kwaye lazala abantwana abahlanu: iintombi ezintathu noonyana ababini. Isiphelo sendlalifa ephezulu ukuya eDan Pufukin yayiyintlekele. Lo mfana wabandezeleka ngenxa yomlilo we "Inkcubeko" - watshutshiswa, emva koko wangena kumgangatho wesithathu weDyunivesithi yaseJunzybina, ngenxa yoko wayehlala ixesha elide wacela umngeni kwisitulo esinamavili. Kwaye intombi encinci uDan Jun wabhala iincwadi ngekhondo likaBawo.
Ukuchaza uhlobo lomgaqo-nkqubo waseTshayina, Mao ngokwakhe wathi:
"Inaliti enkulu ipakishwe eWat."Igama lesidlaliso "Xiaphoopic" lafunyanwa ngenxa yeempawu zobuqu: UDan wayekhula kancinci-kuphela yi-152 cm, kodwa isibindi, ukuphosa oko kwakungenzeka.
Izopolitiko ezazizayo yayiyithanda ibhola, ukuqubha, idlale iibhilithi zangaphantsi kwaye ihlonitshwe ibhlorho ehlonitshwe eFrance. Apho, lo mfana waba ngabatshayayo, uthando lwecuba lwenze ubomi bakhe bonke.
Ukufa
I-Xiaopic ye-Xiaopic ivela kwisifo sikaPakinson, wasweleka ngoFebruwari 1997. Unobangela wokufa sisifo somzimba, sinzima ngesiLimo esinganyangekiyo. Umngcwabo wabanjwa ngokwemigaqo yekomiti ephakathi yeqela, engaboneleli nge-goodbye emzimbeni.
I-Urn ngothuthu lwenziwa kwiholo yeNdibano yaseNtshona ye-China yaBameli. Kwindibano yokulila, amawaka ali-10 abantu abafumene isimemo saseburhulumenteni sithathe inxaxheba. Uthuli luyekiswa phezu kolwandle.
Iikowuti
"Ukuba uvula ifestile kwihlabathi liphela, iimpukane ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kubhabha" "Ndidinga ukwenza okungakumbi, kodwa ndingaphantsi kwegazi" elibandayo; Zilungiselele ukusabela; Yimani ngokuqinileyo; Sukubonisa ubuchule bakho kwaye ulindele umzuzu ofanelekileyo; Ungaze uzame ukuqhuba phambili; Ngaba ukwazi ukuzisa ityala "" "akukho ngxoxo!" -Uyinye yeendlela zam. "Imemori
- Incwadi ethi "Utata-Dan Xiaopin".
- Ilitye lesikhumbuzo ukuya eDan Xiaopin kwiShenzhen City e Liahua Shan Park.
- Elinye ilitye lesikhumbuzo kwinkokeli yeqela liya kwakhiwa kwisikhumbuzo sakhe se-100 kwi-Guang Man (emazantsi-ntshontsho eNtshona).
- I-Wax i-dan xiaopin - iMadame Tussao yeMyuziyam.
- Ngo-2014, ifilimu yoxwebhu "uDan Xiaopin kwiindawo zembali" uphume eTshayina.