Biography
I-Igor Kurchatov yeyona ngcoyili inkulu yeSoviet kunye ne-Aventi, igama elikwiminyaka engamashumi amabini kunye ne-50s yenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kunye ne-50s yenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, eyayisoyikisa kumacala omabini, kwaye impumelelo yenze intshatsheli emtshatweni. Injongo, imeko kunye nokungakhathali, wathi:"Yenza umsebenzi, ebomini kuphela eyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ngaphandle koko, yesibini, nangona ingeyomfuneko, igcwalisa ubomi bakho ngokulula, iyakuthatha onke amandla, kwaye awuyi kuthatha eyona nto iphambili ... uphonononge into eya kukukhokelela kwinjongo. "Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umdali wexesha elizayo we-Atomic yokuqala ye-Soviet Atomic wazalwa kwisityalo se-simsky ngo-1903. Emva kowe-1928, intlawulo yaphinda yabizwa ngegama leSIM. Namhlanje yidolophu kwi-Ashinsky yesithili sengingqi ye-chelyabinsk, apho abantu abayi-13 baphila khona. Utata wayengummi wasembekweni wesixeko, i-Amer Prier Amermer, kwaye umama wafundisa umtshato esikolweni kwisixeko saseTlatoust. Oonyana ababini bazalwa emtshatweni: I-Igor neBoris, naleyo yaba yinzululwazi.
I-biography ye-biography yeminyaka yokuqala yobomi kunye nolutshanistemia iluphuculo lwamaziko emfundo athe athatyathwa ngayo. Ekuqaleni, kathathu iqhawe lomsebenzi woluntu lwentlalo lubonakaliswa ngumdla omkhulu kwiiSayensi zoLuntu, kodwa emva komntu oqhelene naye ngempumelelo.
Igor iphumelele kwiiklasi eziyi-8 kwi-Ofisi kaNondyesi yeGysuyasium ye-SAMOPOOPOORL, apho intsapho ifudukele khona ngo-1912. Ngokudlula, ndafunda emqukumbelweni wobugcisa besikolo, ndisebenza kumzi-mveliso. Ngoqeqesho, lo mfana wayeqinisekile, ekrelekrele kwaye ekwazi.
Imfundo ephezulu yaqalisa ukufumana ngo-1920 kwiYunivesithi yaseTauride (ngoku iyunivesithi ye-Tavric ebizwa emva kweV. I. Vernadskiy), evule iminyaka emi-2 ngaphambili. Waqhubeka ePettrograd Polytech (ngoku uSt. petersburg polytechnic yeyunivesithi kaPeter).
Ixesha elichithwe kwinqanaba lomncedisi we-physics ye-Azerbaijan Polytechnion Institute eBaku (ngoku i-Azerbaijan State State yeoyile kunye nemveliso). Ngo-1925, icwecwe eliselula labuyela eLeningrad, laa ligosa lezesayensi leZiko lobuGcisa leMidyuli (ngoku iZiko lobuGcisa leMicimbi ye-physic ligama elibiliniki emva kokuba i-A. I-IOFFF Ras).
Isayensi
"Kwigadi yabantwana ePopu" (ke abantu ababephila ngexesha babizwa ngokuba yi-LFTI) Inkululeko yabasebenzi yayingaphelelanga. UAbram I-Icoffe Wamkela inzondelelo kunye nengqondo yokubuza kwabaphandi abancinci. Utata olandelayo ka "Tsar-Bomb iminyaka emi-5 emva kokufika kwakhe kwiZiko lafumana isikhundla se-zavededel. Ekuqaleni, wafunda iidiliya, ifestile, kwaye ngo-1932 waba nguvulindlela wezazinzulu ezinomdla kwimicimbi ye-Atomic yenyukliya.
Ukuya kuthi ga ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, iAicocimia iphuhlise le ndlela, yandisa ulwazi kude kube yindawo engaziwayo.
Kwiminyaka yeMfazwe, wathabatha inxaxheba ekudalweni kweendlela zokuphelisa iinqanawa ukukhusela izithuthi ezivela kwiibhombu zemagnethi zaseJamani. Ubuchule babonelele ngeenqanawa 100% ukhuseleko, kwaye umkhuseli welizwe emva kokuba imfazwe yehlabathi yesibini yabekwa kwibhaso likarhulumente. Ukususela ngo-1942, isayensi sikhokele iprojekthi ye-soviet atomic.
Emva kokuphumelela kumbuzo wehlabathi wesibini malunga nobuchule benyukliya kunye ne-United States kumazi izixhobo zeatom, bema ngobuchule. Ngo-Agasti 29, 1949, uvavanyo lwe-bomit ye-atomic yokuqala yaqhutywa kwi-polygon kwingingqi yeSemipalatinsk. Ngokweenkumbulo zobungqina bokuzibonela, eyayikho kwimeko ka-Lawrence Teria omangalisayo uGenius.
Kungekudala, ngokungathi ixhasa ukubaluleka kwegalelo kwisayensi ye-USSR, umphandi wanika ibhaso, isihloko sokuzukisa, imoto kunye nemali. Ngo-1953, phantsi kobunkokeli bakhe, ibhombu yokuqala ye-hydrogen yasungulwa. Iqela labalimisi baseFestiamide nabo badala i-Tsar edumileyo "Tsar-Bomb".
Iimfazwe ezigquma kunye ne-echo zihamba naye ebomini bakhe bonke. Mhlawumbi, ke, igorha elingenazingcikisi liye lathi iatom inakho kwaye kufuneka isebenze abantu ngeenjongo zoxolo. Ngo-1958, wenza intetho kwintlanganiso yeLanga lase-USSR:
"Izazinzulu zivuya kakhulu ngenxa yokuba kungekho sivumelwano samazwe aphesheya kwizinto ezingenamiqathango kunye nezixhobo ze-hydrogen. Sibongoza oososayensi sehlabathi liphela ngomnxeba wokuguqula amandla e-hydrogen yesixhobo sentshabalalo, ongummangaliso wamandla, ophethe impilo-ntle yabantu bonke emhlabeni.Xa i-iKurchatov isungule isityalo samandla seNyukliya yeHlabathi yeHlabathi yeHlabathi - i-Obarnayaya.
Ubomi Buqu
IACEKOIIC yayingumntu onoxanduva, othembekileyo kwaye onesidima onesimilo esihle. Wayebandakanyekile eCharity, wakhela unxibelelwano oluqinileyo olunobuhlobo, wanceda abantu osebenza nabo, bahlala besebenzisa igunya kunye nefuthe.Phantse yonke imifanekiso, ifakiwe ngentshebe yamehlo, eya kuthi ibe yinto "yesazisi sayo". Ngokutsho kwakhe, amaqabane anokuqikelela imeko yenzululwazi. Ukuba indevu i-strokes - yonke into ilungelelene, kwaye ukuba inyathela, kukho uhlobo oluthile lwesiphako.
Kulutsha, kwiminyaka emi-2 emva kokubuyela eLeningrad, i-iKurchatov idlale umtshato. Umfazi kaMarina u-Neeldikova u-manyhati wakhe kunye ne-kirill. Esi sibini sihlala kunye kwiminyaka engama-33 ubudala de safa iFilorho ngo-1960. Babengenabo abantwana.
Ukufa
Ubomi bonke, iSayensi yenza ezona zinto zinqabileyo, zenza ezo mvavanyo zinzima kakhulu, umsebenzi ohamba nabo imithwalo enkulu kunye noxinzelelo. Ngo-1956 wasinda ekubetha. Impilo yabuyiselwa ngokuthe ngcembe, kodwa amaxesha angenamsebenzi asebenza kakhulu kwimozulu kunye nemeko yesimo semfundo. Ngo-1960, waya kutyelela oyena mntu usebenza naye uYulia Kharitya, ephumle eBrovikha.
Abahlobo bahamba ngepaki yasebusika, bathetha, bahlala phantsi ukuze baphumle ebhentshini. Ngequbuliso, ikhefu elide livele kwincoko. UHariton wajongane wabona ukuba wafa. Unobangela wokufa yayiyi-ntombeya. Umzimba wemfundo yemfundo watshiswa, kwaye uthuli lubekwe erlini kudonga lweKremlin kwisikwere esibomvu se-moscow.
Imemori
Kwiminyaka engama-2020, ibhombu "ikhutshwe kwizikrini, ichaze malunga nokudalwa kwezixhobo zeatom atom. Ngohlobo lwe-Igor kurchatov, i-Actor Mikhaul Hmurov yavela. U-Evgeny Tsachuk, Alexander Lokov, uVictor Dobrovvov kunye nabanye abaculi nabo bafakwa emfanekisweni.Ifilimu ikhawulezisa ixesha lesibini le-1940s, eqala ngokuhlaselwa yinyukliya kwi-hiroshima naseNagasaki kwaye iphele ngovavanyo lokuqala lwebhombu yeathoet atom ngo-Agasti ka-Agasti ka-Agasti ka-Agasti ka-Agasti ngo-1949.
Izinto ezifunyenwe
- Ngo-1937 - i-cycloncron yokuqala eYurophu
- Ngo-1946 - i-atomic yokuqala yeatom eYurophu
- Ngo-1949 - i-somiet atomic atom
- Ngo-1953 - i-hydrogen ye-hydrogen yokuqala yehlabathi
- Ngo-1954-1961 - Esona sixhobo sinamandla sokuqhushumba "I-Tsar Bhombu ye-Tsar" (Yalenziwa emva kokufa kweSifundi)
- Ngo-1954 - isityalo samandla sokuqala senyukliya
- Ngo-1958 - i-Atomic yokuqala ye-Atomine yeenqanawa zangaphantsi kunye nabaphula i-iceraikers