Ngo-1864, umakhulu wokuqala waseRussia wavela. Ukusukela ngoko, ukwakhiwa nokuphuculwa kweenqanawa zenqanawa eRussia akuyeki. Ngaphandle kovavanyo olungaphumelelanga kunye neenqanawa zesuswa, elizweni zingaphezulu kwama-70 amathanga eenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Ngamandla angaphantsi kwamanzi eRussia, iJamani, eUnited States, netherlands, eFrance kunye neChina bakhuphisana. Ilizwe lokugqibela lajoyina uluhlu lweenkokeli ngo-2019.
Mangaphi amanqanawa eRussia, kunye nezibakala ezinomdla-kwizinto zokuhlela ze-24cmi.
Inqanawa yombane weDiesel
Ngexesha lemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala, umphambili ongengumvandedwa "uPeter ikati" wavela. Yakhiwa ngokomthetho omileyo. Wayengeyiyo inqanawa ezimeleyo, kodwa i-mini-yohlobo lwenani elincinci. Iinqanawa zombane zeDielis ziyimfuneko kwimimandla engaselunxwemeni nengaphantsi, apho isikhephe esikhulu se-Atomic singenako ukuyishukumisa. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezomazantsi ezinqanawa zakhiwa: uninzi, ngamarokheli okanye amantshontsho.
Ngomgangatho ophezulu, izikhephe zedizili zixhotywe ngenjini, kwaye zihamba phantsi kwamanzi - imoto yombane. Olu luvo luye lwaphelisa i-PRESECensis - ipetroli kunye ne-kerosene. Ngexesha lemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala, isikhephe kwinjini yedizili sahlawulwa ngaphandle kwe-1000 yeekhilomitha. Kodwa ezothutho ezinjalo zazineentsilelo: Iinkqubo ezi-2. Ienjini zedizili kunye ne-cotors zombane zenze umphambili ongaphantsi. Funa i-Crew enkulu yeNkonzo, ngenxa yoku, iimeko zokuphila kumkhulu waba mandundu ngakumbi.
Ngo-2018, eSt. Petersburg, inqanawa entsha yehlisiwe emanzini emanzini. Wakhiwa kwiprojekthi 677 "I-kroendads".
I-Parkobuthotine
Ekuphela kwesikhephe ukongeza kwidizili kwaye inqwelo moya yongezwa iyunithi ye-Steam-Bubbin Bubbin Bubbin Bubbin Bubbin Bubbin. Kwixesha laseSoviet, onjalo yayingaphantsi komhlaba phantsi kwegama lekhowudi c-99. Ukwakhiwa kwayo kwaqala kwi-USSR ngo-1951. Emva kweminyaka emi-5, yangena kwiSoviet Fleet.
Ukunciphisa ukunganyangeki xa usiya phantsi kwamanzi, izixhobo ze-Artullery Izixhobo zaqala ukufakwa kumkhenkce. Impumlo yayixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zeTorpedo. Ukusukela eRussia esi sikhephe sikwikopi enye, sithelekisa ngaphandle kwento, kodwa abaqulunqileyo babele izibonelelo. Umkhenkce wenqanawa uhamba ngesantya esiphezulu kwaye umgama omde ngokupheleleyo kwi-swing epheleleyo. Ukungancedi: Ngombutho okhawulezayo kwinqanawa, iba ngumsindo kakhulu, kwaye oku kuphazamisa ukusebenza kweemali eziqhelekileyo ze-hydroacoustic. Isantya se-S-99 sifikelela kwiimpuku ezingama-20, eziye zenza ezona zibalaseleyo kwi-USSR.
Umkhenkce wayephantse wali-100 elwandle. Xa uqala isityalo se-turbine-turbine, ukuqhuma kwenzeka esikhepheni. Kwimeko apho kukho iplato eyi-80 cm, kodwa i-Druser ifikelela kwisiseko. Isizathu yayikukuqhushumba kwe-hydrogen peroxide. Ukubuyisela inqanawa, imali yayifuneka. "Uvuko" wamkelwe ngokungafakwanga kwaye waqhekeza umphambili wentsimbi.
Iatomic
Phantse ezingama-50 iinqanawa zenyukliya zenyukliya ziyinxalenye yemikhosi yaseRussia. Bahlulwe baba ziindidi ezi-3: Ngemichiza yeBills, iingalo zeRocket-TordDo kunye neenjongo ezizodwa. Ngo-1949, isiXeko sase-Igor Kurchatov icetywa ukuba yakha iapile (i-nurmar subrine). Emva kweminyaka emi-3, ugqirha. UAlexandrov wambhalela ileta awayithetha ngayo ngombono wokudala. Ngo-1958, umphambili wokuqala we-atomic kwi-USSR yehla emanzini.
Ngo-2020, inqanawa ayikho kwizikhundla, kulindela ukuba imali isebenze kwimyuziyam. Wasuswa kwiFleet emantla emva ngo-1991, kodwa ezinye iintshukumo kunye naye yayikukuqhutywa "ngumkhenkce" ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemali. Amalungu angama-83 abasebenzi afumene umvuzo ngexesha lokubhukuda kwaye asebenze kwi-K-3. Inqanawa eyakhiweyo yakhawuleza kune-Nautilus yaseMelika uNautilus. Kwiimvavanyo, isantya sesikhephe seSoviet safikelela kwi-28.
Umkhenkce wokugqibela owakhiwe eRussia waba yiNovoskovsk. Waphehlelelwa ngo-1990, wakhiwa kwiprojekthi ye-dolphin. Ngo-2016, iifoto zesikhephe kwi-pier kwingingqi ye-murmansk yavela. Emva kokulungiswa ngo-2012, wabuyiselwa ukuze asebenze kwiminyaka eli-10. Kumbhalo wamabanga aphantsi, amagama abonyuliweyo anyulwa, apho ixesha elininzi liqala ukwenza uloyiko kubanye abachasi: "Shark", "I-Puma", "Muren".
Ilanga
Iinqanawa ezi-4 zatshona e-USSR kunye ne-2 eRussia. Yonke le nto ilahlekile ngexesha lobukho be-APF kususela oko kufakelwe kuyo. I-Druser yokuqala ye-Surk ngo-1970 kwi-biscay bay. Ngenxa yesiphaluka esifutshane, abantu abangama-52 bafa. Kususela kwale mihla i-SPRMARIFMarmarine ngo-2000, i-kirk iye ezantsi. Kwakungekho zilahleko ezinjalo kwimbali yomkhosi wenqanawa, kuba abantu abayi-118 bafa, akubangakho namnye usindayo. Ukuqhushumba kwenzeka kwigumbi, kwaye isikhephe saya phantsi kwamanzi ukuya kubunzulu beemitha ezili-108. Kwathi kulwandlekazi bazo. Kwiminyaka emi-3 enye, enye i-subrimarmarine yeNk - K-K-159. Kwakukho abantu abayi-104 ngenqanawa, abangama-9 kuwo ababuyanga.
Ngokungafaniyo namanye amazwe, iRussia idanise amanani ezi-zengozi. Lilinye kuphela ilizwe eliphethe ilahleko enjalo - iUnited States, kodwa ihlahla lokugqibela lenzeka ngo-1968.
Iinyani ezinomdla
1. ULeonardo da Vinci wakhokela irekhodi, owathi emva kokuba efile lawa ezandleni zenzululwazi. Kumaphepha omhla we-1502th, wafumana umzobo ophantsi. Wayenesiphelo esichaziweyo kunye nokutyibilikiswa ngokutyela ekungeneni. Ngelo xesha, abaphandi babengaqondi ukuba luhlobo luni "lwendlela".
2. Ubunzulu obungayi kuba nakho ukuvula i-hatch yokuphuma ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
3. Kwiminyaka nje eli-12 kwi-USSR, i-122 yeenqanawa zeatom zakhiwa. Eli xesha lisusela ngo-1967 ukuya ku-1979.
4. I-Cruisers yokuqala edaliweyo yayisetyenziswa njenge-Postmen. Bahanjiswa ngoonobumba kunye neepasile.
5. Iinqanawa ezingaphantsi kwamanzi zisebenza ngenjini eyahlukileyo okanye engatshatanga. Kodwa bonke bayimfuneko kwintshukumo. Ngeentsuku zakudala, umthombo wawo wayeyindoda eyabekwa isikhephe kungekuphela ngamanzi kuphela, kodwa phantsi kwayo. Emva kwexesha kwavela iMoto yombane.
6 E-USSR, inqanawa yaphuma iye e-USSSR iinyanga. Abaphathi baxelwa ukuba uninzi logcino lwalunqongophele, kwaye kuphela uhlobo lokukhuthaza iqela yayingumbono wamanzi kwi-periscope.
7. Ukuze umphambili we-submarmarine oye wantywila kubunzulu, iitanki ngamanzi zisebhodini. Ngaphandle 'kwe-ballast ", iya kuhlala ikumphezulu, kuba umthetho ofuywayo awuyi kusebenza. Ngokwemigaqo, ubunzima bomzimba ohlambelekileyo kufuneka bulingane nobunzima bamanzi ashiyekileyo. Ukukhwela umphezulu ukusuka kwi "Ballast" ukususa umoya oxinzelelweyo.