Biography
Felix anozorora ndeye "knight yakatendeka" knight "yekuchinja, iyo yakapinda munhoroondo yeSoviet seyakakosha mamiriro uye nezvematongerwo enyika uyo akarwa kusunungurwa kwerudzi rwevashandi. Basa rekuchinja re "Iron Felix" munharaunda yemazuva ano inofungidzirwa kuti "vamwe vanozviona gamba uye" Kutinhira kweBourgeoisie ", uye vamwe vanoyeuka souchenjeri utsinye vanovenga vanhu vese.
Dzerzhsky Felix Edmundov Vabereki vake vakadzidza uye vanhu vakangwara - baba, vaBabamunini vePolish
Ramangwana knight yekuchinja kwakazvarwa nguva isati yasvika uye vakagamuchira zita rekuti Felix iyo muSurter inoreva "anofara." Haasi iye oga mwanakomana wevabereki vake - mumhuri yegore dzevaingova nevana 9 chete uyo muna 1882 vakava madzinza mushure mekufa kwemhuri kubva kuTberculosis.
Akasiyiwa ndega aine vana mumaoko, amai vemakore makumi matatu nemasere. Amai vane makore 32 vakaedza kurera vana Vavo vakakodzera uye vakadzidza vanhu. Naizvozvo, pazera ramakore manomwe, Ferikisi akapa iyo Imperial yekurovedza muviri, kwaakange asingaratidze mibairo yakakwirira. Zvachose vasingazive mutauro weRussia, zuva reRussia rakavimbisa makore maviri mugiredhi rekutanga uye pakupera kwegiredhi rechisere rakaburitswa neuchapupu hwokuti "zvakanaka" zvakamira chete nemutemo waMwari chete.
Chikonzero chekudzidza kwake chakaipa chaive chisiri chisina kusimba huchenjeri, asi kupokana nguva dzose nevadzidzisi. Panguva imwecheteyo, akarota kuti ave anopfuura makore mazhinji (mufundisi weCatholic wefundisi), saka haana kuedza nibble science granite.
Muna 1895, mukurovedza muviri Felix zvichazosangana nedenderedzwa redenderedzwa, mumapoka eiyo akatanga kutungamira propaganda rekuchinja rinoshanda. Zvavakaita muna 1897, ari mutirongo, mushure mekunge aendeswa kuna nolinsk. Iyo link yatove senyanzvi yekuchinja kweFelix Edmundovovic inoenderera mberi nekushambadzira, iyo yaakadzingwa zvakanyanya mumusha weKai. Nechinzvimbo chake chakareba chezerzhsky akatizira kuLithuania, uyezve kuPoland.
Zvekuchinja zviitiko
Muna 1899, vapukunyuka kubva kuLappence, Felix vanodzungudutswa muWarsaw vanogadzira mabiko eRussia yeRussia, uyezve akatumirwa kuSiberia. Asi anodzikazve kuti apukunyuke. Panguva ino, kupukunyuka kwekuchinja kwakaguma kunze kwenyika, kwaakasangana nawo nepepanhau Vladimir Lenin "Spark", izvo izvo zvakangosimbisa chete chinzvimbo chake chekuchinja.
Muna 1906, www.vapomerwa mhosva yekusangana naLenin muStockholm, kubva ipapo akazova mutsigiri asina kuchinjika we "mutungamiri wenyika proletariat." Akatorwa mumapoka eRSDLP seMumiriri wePoland naLithuania. Kubva panguva ino zvichienda mberi, kusvika 1917, Felix Edmundov akavhengazve akauya kujeruwa, nekuti vafambi nevarapi vechiremba vaigara vachiteverwa, asi pese pavaikwanisa kuti vadzokere ku "kesi" rake.
Iyo February Revolution ya1917 yakava breakthruy mune yekuchinja kwebasa reGzerzhsky. Inosanganisira komiti yeMoscow yevaBolshevek, mumapoka aakatanga kunongedzera Bolshevik pati yeBlashik muzvipiriso zvemhoriyamu. Kushingairira kwake kwaikosheswa naLenin - Pamusangano weDare repakati peParty Edmundogovch Center, nekuda kwekuti mumwe wevanoronga weColox, achitsigira shumba trotsky uye umubatsire pakugadzira mauto matsvuku.
Musoro we hfc
Muna Zvita 1917, pane kanzuru yemakomisheni yeVanhu, RSFSR akafunga kugadzira iyo-yeRussia emergency emergency Commission yekurwisa Council. Iyo pec yakava "uro wedura weProletariat" nehondo yekurwa nevanopikisa hurumende itsva. Sangano raisanganisira chete 23 "Chekist", rinotungamirwa naFelix dzzzhsky, uyo akadzivirira simba idzva revashandi nevarimi kubva pachiito chezviito zvevanopikisa-revhiri.
Pamusoro pe "Zvishandiso zve" pukuta ", zuva rekuranga raisangova murwi we" kutyisa "chena", asiwo Muponesi "weRepublic of matipi kubva mukuparara. Nekuda kwemabasa ake ezvekuita, anopfuura 2000 mabhiriji akazodzorerwa, anenge zviuru zvina mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu emakiromita emakiromita echitima.
Zvakare, zuva reGerazhsky akaenda kuSiberia, iro panguva ya1919 rairo rezvingwa, uye raidzora basa rezvigadzirwa, izvo zvakaita kuti zviite mamirioni emamiriyoni emamiriyoni emamiriyoni enzvimbo dzenyika uye 3.5 mamirioni ematani enyama.
Pamusoro pezvo, Felix dzzzhsky yakabatsira vakabatsira vanachiremba kunze kwenyika kubva kuTyphoid, kuronga kusunungurwa kuburitswa kwemishonga. Musoro weNGC zvakare wakatorawo Ruponeso rwechizvarwa cheRussia - Akapinda Komisheni Yevana, iyo yakabatsira kumisikidza mazana emapoka ezvevashandi uye nherera muminda, iyo yakashandurwa kubva mudzimba dzenyika uye dzakasarudzwa.
Muna 1922, kusara musoro wemusoro weDare Renyika Renyika Rekuchengetedza, Felix dzzzhsky aive akananga nehofisi yezvematongerwo enyika yeNKVD. Akabatanidzwa zvakananga mukuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hutsva hwehupfumi hweSoviet State. Pakutanga kweMukuru "Bhurawu" munyika, nharaunda dzakabatana, mabhisitiros emabhizinesi akarongwa, mukuvandudzwa kweizvo mari yekune dzimwe nyika yakakwezva.
Muna 1924, Felix zvichinhsky akazova musoro wehupfumi hwenyika hwepamusoro hweUSSR. Mune ino post, iyo shanduko yekuzvipira zvizere yakatanga kurwira kurwazve kwesocialist yenyika. Akatsigira kuvandudzwa kwekutengesa kwakavanzika, izvo zvaida kugadzira mamiriro akanaka. Zvakare, "Iron" Ferikisi yakanga yakashanda nesimba mukuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yesimbi munyika.
Panguva imwe chete, akarwa nekupikiswa kwekusara, sezvo akatyisidzira kubatana kwebato uye akabata mutemo mutsva. Kutendeuka kunoita kushandurwa kwakazara kweNyika Management system, kutya chokwadi chekuti mudzvanyiriri achauya mumusoro weUSR, uyo "kuviga" mhedzisiro yose yekuchinja.
Saka, "isina tsitsi uye isina hutsinye" Felikisi gorehsky akapinda munyaya semushandi asingagumi. Aive aine mwero uye kwete kusiri kure, asina kumbobvira adhakwa uye haana kutendeuka. Uye zvakare, musoro weHCHK wakunda mukurumbira semuviri risingaori zvachose, husingagadziki uye unoramba uchisvika pakurarama kwaro kwehupenyu hwe "hupenyu hutsinye.
Hupenyu Hwako
Hupenyu hwepachena hweFerikisi gore reFerikisi aigara ari pachirongwa chechipiri chemukuru "Chekist". Zvakangodaro, iye akange asiri mutorwa kuvanhu uye nerudo, zvaakaenda naye kuburikidza nematatu matatu nehondo yevagari.
Margarita Nikolaev akava rudo rwekutanga rwaFerikisi gore reFerikisi, uyo waakasangana naye panguva yekubatana kwake kwekutanga muNolinsk. Akamukwezva nekutarisa kwake kwekuchinja.
Asi rudo urwu haruna kufadza Finale - mushure mekunge links dzinoshandurwa kwemakore akati wandei, ndakanyorerana nemudiwa, izvo muna 1899 zvakakurudzirwa kudzokorora, sezvo akatanga kufarira imwe shanduko, Julia Girdurn. Asi hukama uhu hwaive muchidimbu - Goldman airwara treslosis uye akafa muna 1904 mu Sanatorium Switzerland.
Muna 1910, Sofia Mushkat, uyo aivewo anoshingairira Revolutionary, akabata simbi Felix. Mwedzi mishoma mushure mekuzivana, asi mufaro wavo wakaroora kwenguva yakareba - mukadzi wekutanga uye chete wezuva rezzhsky akasungwa uye akarodzwa mutirongo, mu 1911 wakabereka mwanakomana waYana.
Mushure mekubereka Sofia Mushkat akatongerwa kubatanidza kusingaperi kuSiberia uye kunyimwa kodzero dzese dzeNyika. Kusvika 1912, aigara mumusha wechiArlling, kubva kwaakapunyuka kunze kwenyika magwaro emakungwa.
Zuva rezzzhson vakaroora, mushure mekuparadzaniswa kwenguva refu, vakasangana makore matanhatu chete gare gare. Muna 1918, Felix paakaitwa Felixvved akatungamirwa nebhokisi, Sofia Sigismundovna akawana mukana wekudzokera kumusha kwake. Mushure meizvozvo, mhuri yakagara muKremlin, uko varipo vakararama vakaroora kusvika pakuguma kwemazuva avo.
Rufu
Felix dzzzhsky akafa musi waChikunguru 20, 1926 Pamhepo yedare repakati. Chikonzero chekufa kwechiratidzo chekuchinja kwaive kurwiswa kwemwoyo, izvo zvakaitika kwaari panguva yemanzwiro maviri emamiriro ezvinhu akazvitsaurira kune mamiriro ehupfumi hweUSSR.
Zvinozivikanwa kuti matambudziko ane mwoyo uri pamusoro wePeC akawanikwa muna 1922. Ipapo vanachiremba vakayambira shanduko pamusoro pekuda kupfupisa zuva rekushanda, sezvo mutoro wakawandisa uchazviuraya. Pasinei neizvi, okukura-makore 48 okukura anoenderera mberi nekupihwa zvachose kushanda, nekuda kwekuti moyo wake wakamira.
Felix Felix anozerzhsky akaitika musi waChikunguru 22, 1926. Iyo yekumukira yakavigwa kuKremlin Wall paRed Square yeMoscow.
Iro zita reFerikisi rinodzungukana dzisingafi mumaguta mazhinji nemisha mune yakazara-soviet nzvimbo. Zita rake anenge zviuru gumi nezvishanu mumigwagwa, materu uye allys yeRussia.