Biography
"Mubatsiri wevanhu" akanzi hurumende yeFrance biologist uye chemist louis pasteur. Mupiro wechienzi cheFrance zvakaoma kuomesa, nekuti airatidza nezvechirwere chezvirwere uye nekubuda kwezvirwere zvezvirwere, akagadzira nzira yekurwisa Pathogenic Microorgs Pamberi panhasi, kuvhurwa kwemuvambi kwekuve manhamba uye microbiology kunoponesa hupenyu hwemamiriyoni evanhu.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Mangwana microbiologist akaberekerwa muguta reDewle (France) musi waSeptember 18, 1822. Baba Louis, Jean Pasteur, akacherechedzwa nekutora chikamu muhondo dzeNapoleonic, uye akazovhura musangano weganda. Musoro wemhuri hauna kuverenga, asi Mwanakomana akatsvaga kupa dzidzo yakanaka.
Louis akabudirira akapedza chikoro, uyezve nerutsigiro rwababa vake vakatanga kudzidza mukoreji. Iye mukomana aisiyaniswa nehanya nekushamisika kupfuura iye akarohwa nevadzidzisi. Paster aitenda kuti mukudzidza, zvaive zvakafanira kuratidza kutsungirira uye mumatauriri nema sistems airatidza kuti kubudirira kunowanzoenderana nebasa uye chishuvo chekudzidza.
Kana wapedza Louis College, Louis akatamira kuParis kunonyoresa mune yakakwirira kwazvo chikoro. Muna 1843, mukomana ane tarenda akanyatso kuwedzeredza bvunzo uye makore mana akazotambira diploma rezvishamiso zvekudzidzisa.
Muchiitiko chakafanana chakabhadhara yakawanda nguva yekupenda uye yakawana mibairo yakakwira. Mujaya wechidiki akapinda mumakenduru seyekutanga mufananidzo weiyo Xix Century. Pazera ramakore gumi nemashanu, Louis akanyora mifananidzo yaamai, hanzvadzi neshamwari zhinji. Muna 1840, pasteur akatogamuchira iyo degree reBachelor of Arts.
Biology
Pasinei nekuchinja kwematarenda, Louis Paster akanyepedzera kunge ari ega nesainzi. Pazera ramakore makumi maviri neshanu, sainzi yakazova purofesa wefizikisi nekuda kwekuwanikwa kwechimiro chemuumbi we waini acid makristasi acid. Zvakangodaro, kudzidza zvinhu zvesangano, Louis akaziva kuti kudanwa kwake kwechokwadi kuri mukudzidza kwete fizikisi, asi biology uye chemistry.
Pasteur akashanda kwenguva yakati muDijonia lycen, asi muna 1848 akaenda kuYunivhesiti yeSrasbourg. Pabasa idzva, biologist akatanga kudzidza maitiro ekutsamwisa, akazomuunzira mukurumbira.
Muna 1854, musayendisiti akabata posvo yeDean kuYunivhesiti yeLille (Finituly yeStacience Stayes), asi haina kunonoka ikoko kwenguva yakareba. Makore maviri gare gare, Louis Partter anoenda kuParis kunoshanda muAlma Mater - Iyo Yakanyanya Chikoro Chinojairwa Semutungamiriri webasa rezvidzidzo. Munzvimbo itsva, pastter yakashandiswa zvinoshandurwa, zvichiratidza kugona kwakanaka. Akaunza iyo yakaoma yekuongorora system, iyo yakawedzera iyo nhanho yeruzivo rwevadzidzi uye mukurumbira wenzvimbo yedzidzo.
Mukufanana, iyo microbiologist yakaramba ichiongorora waini waini acids. Mushure mekuongorora mhandara yemiumbi, Louis Paster yakaratidza kuti maitiro ekufemera haasi makemikari echisikigo, sezvakataurwa naProtus Lubih kumashure. Masayendisiti akawana kuti maitiro aya anobatanidzwa nehupenyu uye zviitiko zve mbiriso fungi, kudyisa uye kubereka mune mhepo inodzungaira.
Pakati pa1860-1862, macrobiologist akaomeswa pakudzidza kwedzidziso yekuzvidira ehutachiona, ayo vazhinji vanotsvaga panguva iyoyo. Nezveizvi, vafundisi vakatora misa yakaipa, akazvicheka kune tembiricha iyo microorganisms, ndokuzoiswa mune yakasarudzika flask nemutsipa.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvisinei nekuti ngarava iyi ine mwero wemauto ingave iri mumhepo, hupenyu mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro hauna kuberekwa, sezvo nhapwa dzehutachiona dzakaramba dziri pamipendero yemutsipa murefu. Kana iwo mutsipa wakabviswa kunze kwakatemwa zvinokotama dzepakati svikiro, ipapo microsorms akatanga kuwedzera munguva pfupi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, musayenditi wechiFrench akaramba dzidziso huru uye akaratidza kuti hutachiona hadzigone kusunungura uye nguva imwe neimwe yaunzwa kubva kunze. Zvekuwanikwa uku, iyo yeFrench yemutsayesa sainzi yakapihwa Pasteer muna 1862 premium yakakosha.
Pasteurization
Kubudirira musainzi yekutsvaga masayendisiti kwakakonzera kudiwa kwekugadzirisa basa rinoshanda. Muna 1864, vimbremakes vakanyorera kuAntaer nechikumbiro chekubatsira kuwana zvinokonzeresa kukuvara. Mushure mekufunda kuumbwa kwechinwiwa, iyo microbiologist yakawana kuti yakanga isiri yeiast fungi, asi zvakare zvimwewo zvipfeko zvakatungamira kuchigadzirwa chechigadzirwa. Ipapo musayendisiti akafunga nezvekuti abvise dambudziko iri. Muongorori akataura achiparadza madhigirii kusvika makumi matanhatu, mushure meizvozvo microorganisms ari kufa.
Maitiro akafunga nePasteur akatanga kushandiswa mukugadzira doro newaini, pamwe mune mamwe zvikamu zveindasitiri yechikafu. Nhasi, kugamuchira kwakatsanangurwa kunonzi pasteurization, nezita rekutadza.
Zviwanikwa zvinotsanangurwa zvakaunzwa neFrance Scientist, asi dambudziko rouyo harina kubvumira vaSauta kuti vafare zvakanaka mune zvaakaita. Vatatu veCrevhiologist vana vakafa mudumbu typos. Mukutonga kwezviitiko zvinosiririsa, masayendisiti akasimudza kudzidza kwezvirwere zvinotapukira.
Kushandira
Louis Partred maronda, ulcers uye maronda, semhedzisiro yeiyo yakazivisa huwandu hwehutachiona hwehutachiona (semuenzaniso, streptococcus uye staphyloccus). Zvakare, iyo microbiologist yakadzidza huchi uye akaedza kutsvaga kushorwa nechirwere ichi. Chisarudzo ichi chakauya kune yakakurumbira purofesa nemukana.
Masayendisiti akasiya tsika ine cholera microbes mune thermostat uye akanganwa nezvavo. Kana hutachiona hwakaomeswa hwakaiswa nehuku, shiri hadzina kufa, asi dzaifambisa chimiro chakararama chechirwere. Ipapo Pasteur zvakare akatapukira huku netsika dzinotyisa dzehutachiona, asi shiri dzisina kukuvara. Zvichibva pane izvi muyedzo, musayendisiti akawana nzira yekudzivisa nzira dzinoverengeka: Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti uise kusunungura hutachiona hwePathogenic mumuviri.
Saka pakanga paine vaishandiswa (kubva kuLat. Vachipa - "mombe"). Iri zita ndiro bvunzurudzo rinoshandiswa mukuremekedza vane mukurumbira sainzi Edward Jenner. Wekupedzisira akatsvaga kudzivirira kurwara kwevanhu nepfupi, saka, iye anofashukira ropa remombe dzinotakura zvisina njodzi kune chimiro chemunhu.
Kuedza nehuku kwakabatsira iyo microbiologist kugadzira kurapa kurwisa Siberian ulcers. Iko kushandiswa kwakazotevera kwekudzivirira uku kwakabvumira hurumende yeFrance yekuchengetedza mari yakakura. Mukuwedzera, kuwanikwa kutsva kwakapa huwandu hwesender pane yekudzidza kwesainzi uye yehupenyu hwepension.
Muna 1881, Paster akapupurira kufa kwemusikana kubva mukurumwa kwembwa inopenga. Pasi pekunyepedzera kwedambudziko, musayenzi akasarudza kugadzira kurapa kubva kuchirwere chinouraya. Asi maCocrobiologist akawana kuti hutachiona hwehutachiona hwaivapo mumasero ehuropi. Paive nedambudziko rekuwana fomu isina simba yehutachiona.
Mazuva esainzi haana kusiya iyo laboratory uye yakaitiswa muedzo paRababhito. Iyo microbiologist yakatanga kutapukirwa mhuka nemabhandi, uye ipapo pfungwa dzakadzingwa. Panguva imwe chete iyoyo, Paster akaisa nzengozi yerufu, kuunganidza tsuro kubva mumuromo. Zvakangodaro, sainzi ine tarenda yakakwanisa kuendesa kurapwa kubva kumabhiza kubva kuhuropi rakaomeswa rabbra. Vazhinji vane chivimbo chekuti izvi kuwanikwa kwave kuita basa guru rezvishamiso zvakanaka.
Imwe nguva Louis Paster haina kutsunga kuisa mushonga wevanhu. Asi muna 1885, amai veGomo reJosef makore 9 vakauya kwaari, uyo wakarumwa imbwa madarika. Mwana akange asina mukana wekuramba ari mupenyu, saka kurasa yaive mukana wekupedzisira iwe. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mukomana akapona, izvo zvakaratidza kushanda kwekuvhurwa kweasteur. Mushure mechinguva chidiki, nerubatsiro rwevafa, vanhu 16 vakamanikidzwa kuti vaponeswe. Mushure meizvozvo, vaccine yaigara ichishandiswa kurwisa mavara.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muna 1848, Louis Pastort akatanga kushanda kuTrasbourg University. Nenguva isipi, musayendarira wechidiki akakokwa kuti ashanyire mutungamiriri weLauren, kwaakasangana nemwanasikana wake mukuru - Marie. Mushure mevhiki, iyo microbiologist ine tarenda yakanyora tsamba kuReter, maakabvunza maoko emusikana. Kunyangwe Louis akataura naMarie kamwe chete, haana kusahadzika iko kurongeka kwekusarudza.
Baba vevasanangurwa vake, Pasteur nokutendeseka akabvuma kuti aingova nemoyo wakanaka uye hutano hwakanaka. Sezvatinogona kutongwa kubva pikicha yemasayendisiti, murume uyu haana kusiyana muunako, iyo Louis yakanga isina hupfumi kana hukama hwakanaka.
Asi rector aitenda iyo yeFrance yeFrench yechiFrench uye akapa mvumo yake. Vechidiki vakaroora muna Chivabvu 29, 1849. Pashure paizvozvo, murume wacho akararama pamwe chete kwemakore 46. Marie akatanga kumurume wake kwete mukadzi wake, asi wekutanga mubatsiri uye akatsigirwa. Vaviri vane vana vashanu, vatatu vavo vakafa kubva mudumbu remudumbu.
Rufu
Louis Pasitur akapukunyuka Stroke pa 45, mushure mekunge aramba akaremara. Masayendisiti haana kuendesa ruoko uye gumbo, asi murume akaramba achishanda nesimba. Uye zvakare, iyo microbiologist yaiwanzove nengozi panguva yekuedza, iyo yakamanikidza mhuri yekufunganya nezvehupenyu hwake.
Muongorori mukuru akafa musi waSeptember 28, 1895 kubva pamanje manyoro mushure mekunetseka kwakati wandei. Panguva iyoyo, Louis Paste aive nemakore makumi manomwe nemasere. Kutanga, zvakasara zvezvishoma zvezvisikwa zvezvigadzirwa zvaizorora muNotre Dame de Paris, wobva watamira kuPasteur Institute.
Pakati pehupenyu, musayendisiti akagamuchira mubairo kubva kunharaunda dzese dzepasi rose (dzinenge mazana maviri emirairo). Muna 1892, hurumende yeFrance yakaratidza menduru yakananga kumakore makumi manomwe emakore emakerobiologist ane Siginecha ye "Biblector we" Bhaibheri revanhu. " Muna 1961, mukukudzwa kwePasene, crater pane mwedzi wakatumidzwa zita rekuti, uye muna 1995, brand yakaburitswa muBelgium nemufananidzo wechienzi.
Mazuva ano, zita remaitiro anoshamisa vanopwanya dzinopfuura zviuru zviviri zvemigwagwa munyika dzakawanda: USA, Argentina, Iran, Iran, Cambodia, etc. MuSt. Petersburg (Russia), iyo Instirest Institute yeEpidemiology uye Microbiology. Pasteur.
BHAIBHERI
- Louis pasteur. Etuds sur le vin. - 1866.
- Louis pasteur. Etuds sur le vinaigre. - 1868.
- Louis pasteur. Etudy sur la maradie des verseme à soie (2 mavhoriyamu). - 1870.
- Louis pasteur. Quelques réflexions sur la science en france. - 1871.
- Louis pasteur. Etudy sur la bière. - 1976.
- Louis pasteur. Les microbes nhengo, lear răle dans la Fermentation, La putréffaction et la yekuparadzanisa. - 1878.
- Louis pasteur. Discours de resception de M.l. Pasteur à L'Académie Française. - 1882.
- Louis pasteur. Traeiteitement de la kutsamwa. - 1886.