Biography
Shota nerusaveli - Georgian nhetembo uye stenman. Ichi chibayiro chine tarenda tamari tamara chakava Munyori wepasi rose mukurumbira wenhau "Vityaz muTiger Shkure". Iri basa rakava chifananidzo chemabhuku, asi vashoma vanoziva kuti nhetembo yakanyorwa neRustaveli yakashoropodzwa neChechi yakakurumbira.
Muzana ramakore rechi 18, ini naAthony Anthony ndakapisa pachena nekunyepowa, sezvo aitenda, manyoro. Nekudaro, izvi hazvina kudzivirira "Vityazu muTiger Schur" kuti isvike nhasi. Basa rakashandurwa muRussia na konstantin balmont, nikolay zabolotsky, panthevon Petrenko, shalva nutubidze uye mamwe manyorerwo ezvinyorwa.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Hupenyu hwemunhu akagadzira mupiro unoratidzira kune mabhuku anofukidzwa mune halo rezvakavanzika. Maiwe, hapana zvigadzirwa zvemunyori uyu ane tarenda. Hazvizivikanwe nzvimbo yechokwadi yekuzvarwa kweiyo Schot, hazvizivikanwewo kuti baba vake naamai vake vaive amai naamai. Vanyori venhoroondo havagone kutaura pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu edzidziso, akakura uye akarerwa. Vaive vasikana nehanzvadzi - vanorambawo chakavanzika, icho chisiri mhinduro. Naizvozvo, kune ngano shoma dzeupenyu hwomunyori we "Vityaz muTiger Shkul", uye zvakaoma kunzwisisa kuti ndezvei ndezvazvo.
Bioghrafers vakaramba vachisvika padanho rakajairika pamusoro pekutanga kweRustaveli Surname. Vamwe vane chokwadi chekuti mudetembi aive mukodhi wekongiri musha Rustavi, seShota akanyora Surname isina tsamba "A" - kuurayiwa. Nekudaro, uku kufunga hakubatsiri kuunganidza zvidimbu zveMoshic mumufananidzo mumwe, nekuti muGeorgia nzvimbo nezita rimwe chete raivapo zvakanyanya. Uye zvakare, izvi zvinogona kureva kuti mudetembi aive feudalist, aive aine nhare kana guta riri pasi pezita rimwe chete.
Mamwe masayendisiti anotenda kuti rustevelli izita rezita reSchot, iro raive rakatungamirwa kubva kumhuri yakapfuma uye chikamu-muridzi weRustavian majarate. Maererano nemabhuku, munyori akatora zita rezita raBaba sechinhu chekugadzira pseudomonym. Asi zvakakodzera kuti mumanyoro akazova chifananidzo chemabhuku, mudetembi anoti ari Meskhetia. Asi shota yaive yechokwadi kune ino boka-redzinza reGeorgi, zvakaoma kutonga. Pamwe, rusununguko rwakaita chirevo chakadai, nekuti kutaurirana nedenderedzwa remeschas rakakurumbira uyo aive nepesvedzero pakukwira.
Munyori wenguva yemberi wenhetembo akagamuchira dzidzo yakanaka kwazvo mumusha weDemocritus naAristotle - kuGreece. Shota Wakafunda mabasa emunyori anozivikanwa "Iliad" Homer, akazivikanwa neuzivi hwePlato, renhetoric, yePeredhi mabhuku ezvinyorwa, pamwe nedzidziso. Kuzvidzora kubva kudzidziswa, rustaveli yakabatana nePfuma yeTsaritsa Tamara Tamara, izita reiyo inosungira zera regoridhe reNhamba yeGeorgian yenhoroondo yeGeorgian. Icho chokwadi chekuti skot chakapihwa mari nemari yenyika, chinoratidza huwandu hwemagariro emunyori wenhetembo.
Munguva yekutonga kwaTamara, Georgia yakanzwa nyika huru uye ine simba nekubereka kwakasiyana. Hurumende, ine pfungwa uye runako, mabhuku akatakura, saka mumucheto wetsiva risingaperi, nhetembo dzedhivhiri dzakavandudzwa nekumhanya kwechiedza. Iyo ngano inoti iyo schota inoenderana neTamari yeTamari yenzendo dzese, yakazadzikiswa murudo nemukadzi. Zvirikuti iyo goridhe mashoni yakapihwa naMambokadzi, rusununguko rwakapfeka kusvika kumagumo ehupenyu hwake pane yake cap.
Mabhuku
"Vityaz muTiger Shkure" (kana "Bartova") ndiro chete basa reRustaveli Schot, uyo akaburukira nhasi. Ichi chifananidzo chakakosha cheMabhuku eGeorgian zvakanyorwa pakati pa119 uye 1212. Nekudaro, nekufamba kwenguva, manyoro eRustal akaisa shanduko dzakakosha: iro basa rinobva rabuda neruoko kuti rive rakaiswa pasi pezvirevo zvakaitwa nevatevedzeri uye tsamba.
Asi iyo inogamuchirwa sarudzo inoonekwa nhetembo yakadhindwa naMambo vi (Tiflis, 1712). Zvakakosha kuziva kuti "Vityaz muTiger Shkul" vaizivikanwa sechigadzirwa chakawandisa, icho chaakawana chisingaenzaniswi kubva kuchechi yepamutemo yenguva iyoyo.
Nhetembo inotaura nezve rudo rwevanhu uye hushamwari. Nhetembo inoenderana nenyaya yomutongi weRodavhani, avo vasina kunyorwa korona yeMwanasikana Tinatin, uyo, aidanana nemauto evashandi vakashinga.
Hazvizingazivikanwe kuti hurongwa hwedeposi hwakagadzirwa, asi pane maonero akati wandei pane izvi. Ndiyo dzokutanga dzakatora rustaveli dzakatora prose prose seyakanyanya sosi uye ichidzokorora muchimiro chechitunha (basa iri harina kuiwana). Nekudaro, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti "Vityaz muTiger Shkure" yakagadzirwa neShota yakazvimirira - iyo Caspige yakanyora nhetembo, kurumbidza mambokadzi waTamari.
Muzvinafundo A. Khakhanov ane chivimbo chekuti Shota akatarisisa neNyika Epic: Akakwereta nhetembo dzevarwi Hamlet ").
Asi chero icho mavambo e "Vityaz muTiger Shamura", nhetembo iyi inoonekwa seinokosha basa remabhuku ese epanyika. Rusavavli akava muve wemitauro mita - Shairi, uyo akabva ashandisa mahedheni eGeorgian kwese kwese. Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti rustaveli yaive tenzi yekuenzanisa kwemanyorero, iyo kusvika nhasi inofadza pfungwa dzevaverengi. Kunyangwe kuomarara kwekuchinja kwemitemo, inotongwa nehutano hwekufambisa uye kudzika kwekufunga kwebasa rayo.
Hupenyu Hwako
Hupenyu hwomunhu oga hweRustaveli Schot akafukidzwa zvakare nechidzitiro chechidzitiro, nekuti masayendisiti anogona chete kuve akavakirwa pane zvekufungidzira uye kufungidzira. Kune ngano pamusoro pehukama pakati peiyo Georgian nhetembo uye mambokadzi Tamara. Maererano nerudzi rumwe ruzivo, Kaznoguran akaroora mumwe Nina, asi mushure mekunge muchato wafa.
Vamwe vanoti rustaveli vakatadza kutsungirira nerudo rusina kukwana, rwunofarira hupenyu hwepasi rose kuvanzika kwenyika muMonasterter Cell. Shota rustaveli yakafamba nemapetero ane tarenda uye muimbi: Muna 1185, akatora chikamu mukudzoreredzwa kwemamongi emuchinjiko, akatambura nehondo yerudzi rweIjipita.
Maererano nerunyerekupe, rusununguko rwakatora pendi nebrashi uye ruoko rwake rwakatemerwa. Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti pane imwe yeFrescoes rustaveli yakakwevera-mufananidzo - iyo chete chifananidzo chaunogona kutonga kutaridzika kweiyo georgian.
Rufu
Sei uye mumamiriro api ezvinhu iyo rusdavelli Shota akafa - nyaya yakanyarara zvakare. Isingazivikanwe uye rufu zuva. Maererano nengano, mambokadzi Tamara akaraira nyaya iyi kuti ishandure iro basa rakapihwa kwaari neyekunze muenzi. Rusununguko rwakazadzisa kurairwa kwechifambiso, asi vakaramba kubva mukubva mari. Nguva pfupi izvi zvaitika, muviri wakashamiswa wedeteti wakawanikwa.
Izvo zvakare zvinofungidzirwa izvozvo, zvimwe, Shota akafa muJerusarema. Iye zvino mumaguta akasiyana siyana arwirwazve mukuremekedza mudetembi, uye muTbilisi, Theatre, the theatre yakatumidzwa mushure meShoota rustavelli.
BHAIBHERI
- 1189-1212 - "Vityaz muTiger Shkure"