Muna 1864, iyo yekutanga Russian Submarine yakaonekwa. Kubva ipapo, kuvakwa uye kuvandudzwa kwemasubindi muRussia hakuna kupera. Pasinei nekuedza kusingawanikwe uye zvikepe zvakadzika, munyika inopfuura makumi manomwe emakona ezvinangwa zvakasiyana siyana. Nesimba remvura yepasi peRussia, Germany, USA, Netherlands, France neChina vanokwikwidza. Nyika yekupedzisira yakabatana nerondedzero yevatungamiriri muna 2019.
Vangani zvigaro zveRussia muRussia, uye chokwadi chinonakidza - mune zvinyorwa zvekugadzirisa zve 24Cmi.
Chombo chemahara
Munguva yehondo yekutanga yenyika, nzvimbo yepasi "Peter" yakaonekwa. Yakanga yakavakwa mune zvakavanzika zvakavanzika. Haasi ngarava yakazvimirira, asi mini yake-shanduro yehukuru diki. Zvikepe zvemagetsi zvemagetsi zvinodikanwa kumadunhu okumahombekombe uye idzo nzvimbo yechikepe hombe haigoni kufamba. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemakwenzi madiki yakavakirwa: Multipurpos, ine marobhoti kana mabhora.
Zvemukati mesesa, mabhoti eDiel akashongedzwa neinjini, uye kufambisa pasi pemvura - magetsi mota. Pfungwa iyi yakabvisa vatangarire - peturu uye petosene. Munguva yehondo yenyika yekutanga, chikepe pane injini yeDilel yakabhadharwa kubva pamamirimita zana. Asi kutakura kwakadaro kwakange kwave nekukanganisa: 2 mota masisitimu. Majini edhioni uye motors emagetsi akagadzira nhumbu yepamuviri. Unoda vashandi vakuru vebasa, nekuda kweizvi, mararamiro ari pamusoro pemvura yepasi akatonyanya kutonyanya.
Muna 2018, muSt. Petersburg, mutambi mutsva akaderedzwa pamvura iri pamusoro pemvura. Akavakwa pachirongwa 677 "Kronstadt".
Parkazoturbine
Icho chete chikepe kuwedzera kune dizil uye mota yemagetsi yakawedzerwa steam-bubbin unit. Mune nguva dzeSoviet, dzakadaro dzaive pasi pedhedha zita C-99. Kuvakwa kwayo kwakatanga muUSR muna 1951. Mushure memakore mashanu, zvakapinda muhondo yeSoviet.
Kuti uderedze kuramba kana uchitama pasi pemvura, zvombo zviripo zvakatanga kuiswa pane iyo submarine. Mhino dzakashongedzwa nemidziyo yeTorpedo. Sezvo muRussia chikepe ichi chiri mune imwe kopi, chienzanise chisina chinhu neizvozvo, asi magadziri akagovera zvakanakira. Iyo submarine iri kuyamwisa nekumhanya kwakanyanya uye kwenguva refu mukutsvaira kuzere. Zvishamiso: Nekukurumidza kufamba pane chombo, chinova zvine ruzha, uye izvi zvinokanganisa nekushanda kweiyo nguva dzose hydroacoustic mari. Iyo S-99 kumhanya inosvika makumi maviri mapanga, ayo akaiita zvakanakisa muUSSR.
Iyo submarine yaive kanenge kagumi mugungwa. Paunenge uchitanga iyo Steam-Story Turbine chirimwa, kuputika kwakaitika muchikepe. Pakadaro pakanga paine platoon of 80 cm, asi iyo Cruiser yakasvika pachigadziko. Icho chikonzero chaive kuputika kwehydrogen peroxide. Kudzoreredza ngarava, mari yaidikanwa. "Rumuko" rwakazivikanwa nexeperient uye disassembled submarine nesimbi.
Atomic
Vanoda kusvika makumi mashanu nyukireya nzvimbo chikamu chemauto eRussia. Ivo vakakamurwa kuita matatu marudzi: neBallistic missales, roketi-torpedo maoko uye zvakakosha zvinangwa. Muna 1949, igor kurchatov yakakurudzirwa kuvaka apuro (nuclear submarine). Mushure memakore matatu, fizikisi a.p. Alexandrov akamunyorera tsamba yaakaudza nezvayo nezve pfungwa yekugadzira. Muna 1958, iyo yekutanga tommarine yemutungamiri muUSSR inoburukira pamvura.
Muna 2020, mudziyo hausi mumapoka, zvinotarisira mari yekuzvisimbisa mumuseum. Akabviswa kunze kwechikepe chekuchamhembe kumashure muna 1991, asi zvimwe zviito naye vaive "chakaomeswa" nekuda kwekushayikwa kwemari. Nhengo dzevashandi 83 dzakagamuchira mibairo panguva yekushambira uye kushanda paK-3. Iyo yakavakirwa ngarava yakakurumidza kupfuura iyo American nautilus. Pane bvunzo, kumhanya kwechikepe cheSoviet chakasvika pamapanga 28.
Iyo yekupedzisira submarine yakavakwa muRussia yakava Novomoskovsk. Akavambwa muna 1990, akavakwa pane iyo dolphin chirongwa. Muna 2016, mifananidzo yeiyo cruiser pane pier muMurmansk dunhu rakaonekwa. Mushure mekugadzirisa muna 2012, akadzoserwa kubasa kwemamwe makore gumi. Kune iyo Submarine, mazita ekusarudzwa anosarudzwa, ayo nekufamba kwenguva anotanga kutya pamusoro pevanopikisa: "Shark", "Puma", "Navaga", "Muren".
Sunken
4 Submarines yakanyura muUSSR uye 2 muRussia. Uku ndiko kurasikirwa kwese panguva yekuvapo kweAPF kubvira zvavakagadzirwa. Iyo yekutanga cruiser yakanyura muna1970 muBiscay Bay. Nekuda kwedunhu pfupi, vanhu makumi mashanu neshanu vakafa. Kubva mumugove wemazuva ano muna 2000, kursk akaenda kuzasi. Pakanga pasina kurasikirwa kwakadaro munhoroondo yechikepe, nekuti vanhu 118 vakafa, hapana akapona. Kuputika kwakaitika mukamuri, uye chikepe chakapinda pasi pemvura kusvika pakadzika kwemamita gumi nemashanu. Zvakaitika mugungwa rehondo. Mune mamwe makore matatu, imwe submarine yakanyura - K-159. Paive nevanhu 104 muchikepe, 9 chavo havana kudzoka.
Kusiyana nedzimwe nyika, Russia inoodza mwoyo manhamba. Nyika imwe chete yakatakura kurasikirwa kwakadaro - United States, asi dambudziko rekupedzisira rakaitika muna 1968.
Chokwadi Zvinonakidza
1. Leonardo da Vinci akatungamira zvinyorwa, uyo mushure mekufa kwake akawira mumaoko esainzi. Pamapeji akanyorwa 1502th, akawana dhizaini yemugodhi. Aive nemagumo akanongedzerwa uye hatch ine hatch yekupinda. Panguva iyoyo, vatsvagiri havana kunzwisisa kuti nderudzii rwe "michina".
2. Pakudzika hazvizogone kuvhura hatch yekubuda kwekubuda nekuda kwekumanikidza kwakanyanya.
3. Mumakore gumi nemaviri chete muUSSR, 122 Atomi masaini yakavakwa. Nguva ino kubva muna 1967 kusvika 1979.
4. Iyo yekutanga yakagadzirwa cruisers yaishandiswa sevanotsigira. Ivo vakatakurwa nemavara uye mapasuru.
5. Underwater ngarava dzinoshanda neinjini yakapatsanurwa kana imwe chete. Asi zvese zviri madikanwa kuti kufamba. Mumazuva ekare, sosi yacho yaive murume akaiswa muchikepe kwete pamvura, asi zvakare pasi payo. Gare gare mota yemagetsi yakaonekwa.
6. MuUSAT, mudziyo wakabuda mugungwa kwemwedzi. Vatungamiriri vakaudzwa kuti kuchengetedza kwakange kwakaganhurwa sei, uye chete rudzi rwekurudziro yeboka racho rwuri maonero emvura muPeriscope.
7. Kuitira kuti mutakuri akanyudzwa pakadzika, matangi nemvura ari muchikepe. Pasina "ballast", icharamba iri pamusoro, nekuti Mutemo weArchimied haishande. Maererano nemirairo, uremu hwemuviri wakanyudzwa unofanirwa kuve wakaenzana nehuremu hwemvura yakamiswa. Kukwira pamusoro kubva ku "ballast" kuti ubvise mhepo yakamanikidzwa.