Ubuzima
Edith Noton yari umwanditsi wumunyamerika wishimiye ubumenyi bwimiryango isumbabyose kugirango yerekane neza imyifatire abantu bazwi. Yabaye umugore wa mbere wakiriye igihembo cya pulsiriye Ubuvanganzo bw'ubuvanganzo, washima inshuti na mugenzi we Henry James.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ubuzima bwa Edith Noton yatangiye ku ya 24 Mutarama 1862, amaze kuvuka k'umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza hitwa Edith NewBold Jones. Ababyeyi be George na Lucretia Ruswa ku bucuruzi butiha kandi bakurura imiryango y'abantu ba nyir'ubutaka, mu Buholandi yimukira i New York.
Mu cyiciro cya mbere cy'ubuzima, umukobwa yafashe guhangana kw'abafatanyabikorwa kandi ahuze, kubera ibyo ifaranga ry'igihugu na Amerika ryabisuzuguritse. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, umuryango wa Clan wigeze unyuramo, usura ibihugu nk'Ubudage na Espanye.
Edith, hamwe na bakuru bakuru, bahawe amashuri mu rugo babwira indimi eshatu ku myaka ya 10. Yanze amahame yimyambarire hamwe niyi sipuke yisi, yanze kugira uruhare mu manza, Rauta na Bals.
Ababyeyi bemeza ko bajyanye n'ibyifuzo by'umukobwa, kuko mu ntangiriro ya 1871 yahuye n'umuhungu wo mu nda. Igitangaza cyo gukira mu buryo bw'igitangaza, wahisemo kwitangira ubuzima muri minisiteri, bityo soma ibitabo byinshi by'ubuhanzi n'ibitabo.
Uburezi bwakiriwe na butegetsi, Edith yafatwanezaga cyane kandi yibasiwe kandi yuzuzanya mu bumenyi, acukura mu isomero rya Data. Nyuma yigihe, nyina, yita ku bihe biri imbere, yahagaritse gukurikirana ibitabo, hanyuma ahagarika uburyo bwo kugera ku bindi bitabo kugeza Heiress yabona umukwe.
Jones-mukuru, Ahubwo, yishimiye ubushobozi bwumukobwa we kandi yishimiye kumva inkuru yihimbaza. George na we yabaye abumva bwa mbere mu guhindura igisigo cy'umwanditsi w'igisigo gito cy'Ubudage kandi akaba yarangije munsi y'izina rya Ralph Waldo Emerson.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu myaka ya 1880, Editi yahaye ubushake bwa nyina kandi, areka guhanga ubuvanganzo, kuko impaka zasohotse. Ku mupira wa nijoro i New York, yahuye n'umuragwa w'umucuruzi, ariko ababyeyi batifuzaga ko ubu ishyingiranwa ryagabanije umubano.Nyuma yigihe gito, Edward Robbins Nobon, umukozi wimari mumuryango wicyubahiro yagaragaye mubuzima bwite bwumwanditsi wumunyamerika. Mu 1885, yabaye umugabo wemewe w'umukobwa, ariko arongora umuntu wese yazanye umunezero kubera kubura urukundo.
Edith Noton (Guhagarara) hamwe na murumuna we, Raineleander Jones na mushiki we Mariya Kadwalader Jones
Nta bana bakomokaga kubashakanye, kumva rero imisoro, Edith abonye igitabo hamwe numunyamakuru witwa Morton. Abashakanye begereye neza mu bitekerezo ku isi n'imico, nyuma yo gutandukana kw'umwanditsi hamwe na Roward Robbins, bakoze urugendo rwinshi.
Ibitabo
Nyuma yo gutangaza ibisigo byambere, Noton yatangiye gukora ibitabo, ariko umurimo wambere wiyi gerre washyikirijwe rubanda mumyaka 40. Igitabo cy '"Ikibaya cy'ibyemezo", cyari kivuga ku buzima bwa Aristoriro hamwe n'ibihimbano birimo ibintu bya autobiografiya.
Mu 1905, ibice n'ibice bivuye mu bikorwa bikurikira byitwa "inzu mirut" byasohowe ku mpapuro z'ikinyamakuru cy'abacuruzi. Umwanditsi yavuze inkuru y'ubwenge, ariko umugore ukennye, mubuzima bwawo, kubera urwikekwe rusange, kwiheba no kuba ubusa.
Intsinzi yikinyamakuru kubanenga n'abasomyi bakoze Edith Komeza, kandi 1917 yarekuye imirimo itari mike. Muri bo harimo ibitabo by '"imbuto z'igiti" n' "impeshyi", igitabo "kiguruka mu Bufaransa" no mu kidodo "cyatan".
Igitabo cy'umwuga wo guhanga wari igitabo "Epoch ya Onocence", verisiyo yacapwe yatanzwe na D. Appleton & Sosiyete. Kuri we, Edith mu buryo butunguranye yakiriye igihembo cya Pulitzer mu bitabo, nubwo, mubyukuri, byari ibisobanuro byerekeranye nabyo.
Igitekerezo nyamukuru cyakazi cyari amakimbirane ya societe nshya kandi ishaje, yabaye muri Amerika mugihe cya XIX-XX. Fata umwanya muruziga rwabarisitotsi nintego nyamukuru yinyuguti, kandi kubwibyo babuze kwihesha agaciro nurukundo.
Usibye inyandiko zubuhanzi, ruswa yari ihari muri bibliografiya: Raporo zurugendo, imfashanyigisho kubanditsi ninama zurugo. Yamenyekanye ko ari prosair idasanzwe yakuyeho Niche ye kandi akora neza kugeza mu mpera za 1930.
Urupfu
Mu ntangiriro z'izuba ryo mu 1937, Edith yaruhutse mu Bufaransa, mu gihe akora ku gitabo c'UBUYOBOZI bwarimo igitero maze agabanuka nta marangamutima. Bidatinze, ubuzima bw'umwanditsi w'umunyamerika yatangiye guteza impungenge z'abantu, kandi icyateye urupfu kirambye rwarushijeho hemorhage no gutontoma.Waorton yashyinguwe mu mva yoroshye mu irimbi ry'abaporotesitanti mu bahurije hamwe n'irinda bene wabo bafite agahinda ndetse n'abamagana. Kwibuka umwanditsi wa "Innocence Epoch" byagumye muburyo bw'ifoto n'amazina y'ikibaya, kimwe n'iki gitabo na ibitabo byahindutse inzabya ecran.
Bibliografiya
- 1897 - "Imitako y'amazu"
- 1905 - "Inzu ya MARTTA"
- 1911 - "Itan Frium"
- 1912 - "Reef, cyangwa aho umunezero wacitse"
- 1917 - "Impeshyi"
- 1920 - "Epoki w'inzirakarengane"
- 1922 - "Mu mirasire y'ukwezi gukomeye"
- 1928 - "Abana"
- 1937 - "Abazimu"
- 1938 - "Abambuzi"