Ubuzima
Inkuru ya Dorothy, biteye ubwoba, ibiti by'icyuma n'ikigo cy'ibigwari, wagiye mu gihugu cy'ikiyaga cyo kurangiza ibyifuzo byabo by'imbere, azwi n'ababyeyi n'ababyeyi bakikije isi. Ariko ibice byabo byibuka ko umujyi wa Emerald "wubatswe" umwanditsi w'abana Lymen Frank Baum. Bibliografiya ye mu myaka 24 yegeranye n'ibitabo 14 byerekeranye n'igihugu oz, 41 ikora ibyerekeye izindi nyuguti, 53, imivugo irenga 200 hamwe na byibuze 42 kuri theatre.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
"Data" wa OZ yavutse ku ya 15 Gicurasi 1856 mu mudugudu wa Chittenango, i New York. Niwe wa karindwi mu bana icyenda b'ibinyobe by Cymyoki wa Ann (mu mukobwa Stanton) na Benyamini Ward Bauma, uburyo bubi. Batanu gusa mubabara babo babayeho bakuze.
Frank Baum Ros ni umwana ubabaye, uteye isoni. Imyaka myiza yamaze mu isambu ya Roage mu mudugudu wa Matdidale, muri New York, ikikijwe n'abavandimwe, akikijwe n'abavandimwe, akumva siyanse shingiro akoresha ubumenyi bw'ibanze bakoresha ubumenyi bw'ibanze bakoresha ubuyasi.
Mu 1868, ababyeyi bohereje umuhungu mu ishuri rya gisirikare rya Peekskill. Ntiyashoboraga gukuraho ibibi, nkuko byasagaga nabigisha, kugirango ahindure mu bicu. Guhagarika abantu bakuru bikaba byarakaje Archythia ya Pschogenic, nimyaka 2, umusore yasubiye murugo.
Frank Baum yari yarabaswe no kwandika hamwe na murumuna we Henry Baum. Barekuye ikinyamakuru cya Rose cyanditswe mu rugo, bitarimo inkuru zabo gusa, ariko no kwamamaza imigo yaho. Ku myaka 15, Frank Baum yatwaye nabi ikinamico. Hamwe nubu bwoko bwubuhanzi, icyiciro cyambere cya biografiya kijyanye.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ku ya 9 Ugushyingo 1882, umugore wa Lunini Frank Bauma yabaye umumuga ya mod - Umukobwa Matilda Joslin Gage, Umutima uzwi cyane Fusuinery ya XIX. Bavutse bane, Robert, Harry Neal, Kenneth na Frank Joslin. Ku mafoto yaje kugeza na nubu, irashobora kugaragara ko abahungu ba kopi ya se.Bauma nubuzima bwumuyobozi birashobora gufatwa hejuru yicyitegererezo. Abashakanye ntibigeze batandukana, niba basabye ibintu - bimukiye hamwe, bihanganira ibimenyetso by'iherezo, bishimira ibyo bagezeho.
Ibitabo
Mbere yo kuba umwanditsi, Frank Baum yiteguye mu ruhare rw'amacunge kandi umukinnyi, ibinyamakuru byahinduye imivugo ya Hamburg, yayoboraga ububiko bwa Baum. Ku yapaga, kubera ko yagabanije ibicuruzwa "ku nguzanyo", hanyuma akaba abaguzi b'amabere yawe.
Mu 1897, Frank Baum yasohoye verisiyo ye yinkuru zerekeye ingagi za nyina - imiterere izwi yubuvanganzo bw'Abafaransa n'Abanyamerika-Icyongereza. Icyegeranyo cyari gitegereje gutsinda kwemerera umwanditsi kureka akazi muri Bazaar kandi yibande byuzuye ku bitabo. Nyuma yo gufata umuraba, Frank Baum wanditse "Papa Goose: Igitabo cye" (1899).
Inkuru ya mbere ivuga ku gihugu cya OZ "umupfumu utangaje kuva OZ" (1900) imyaka ibiri yafatwaga nk'igitabo cy'abana cyagurishijwe cyane. Amaze kubona gereza ya zahabu, Frank Baum ntiyarekuye kugeza ku minsi yanyuma y'ubuzima. Byaremwe na we urukurikirane rwerekeye igihugu cya Oz kigizwe n'ibitabo 14. Umukino wanyuma muri Bami Bami Bami (1919) na "Uruvanda rwa OZ" (1920) rwasohotse nyuma y'urupfu rwe.
Frank Baum gukururwa no kwandika inkuru zerekeye igihugu cya Oz mu migani ya barumuna ba Grimm na Hans Christian Andersen. "Amerika y'Abanyamerika kandi yavuguruye imirimo ya bagenzi, yakuyeho abantu bakomeye (urugero, impyisi na jarfs na jinov) n'urugomo. Kubwibyo, Lymeman Frank Bauma akunze kwita "kwanduza ibitabo by'abana."
Urukundo ni ikindi kintu ko Frank Baum yabuze nkana amateka ye kubyerekeye OZ. Yizeraga ko abana, abasomyi bayo shingiro, ntibashobora kumva urukundo, noneho ntibyaba babishaka. Ariko, rwose nta magambo, umwanditsi ntiyarashize. Imyambarire ya santimetero zurukundo ziboneka kurupapuro rwibitabo "Umupfumu utangaje kuva Oz", "Tick-uri muri OZ" (1914) na "Batinya OZ" (1915).
Inkuru zerekeye abaturage n'abashyitsi b'Umujyi wa Emerald wandikiwe abana, ariko abantu bakuru basangaga ibiryo byo gutekereza. Urugero, Frank Baum, yakoraga mu kurengera amategeko agenga amatora y'abagore. Gushyikirana n'abahuririzamu byamuteye kwandika igitabo cy '"ibitangaza bya oz Oz" (1904), aho bivuga ku myigaragambyo ya kimwe cya kabiri cy'umugore. Igihe Bama yabwiraga niba hari gahunda ya politiki mu mashya ye, yarashubije ati:
"Ibitabo byanjye byanditswe kugira ngo bameze nk'abana."Inkuru zerekeye umujyi wa Emerald washyizwemo ibice byinshi by'ibiti hamwe na ecran ya ecran. Noneho, kumyaka 293 yo mu 1903 na 265 yo mu 1904, umuhigo wa muzika "wa oz" yerekanwe kuri Broadbyay. Scenario kuri we wanditse Baum bewe ubwe. Umwanya wa stade wari utandukanye nigitabo, kubera ko cyibanze kubantu bakuru.
Isuzuma rizwi cyane ryimigani ivuga kumujyi wa Emerald ni "Umupfumu wa OZ" (1939) hamwe na Garlande ya Judy mu nshingano za Doroti. Yatsindiye statuettes ebyiri "Oscar". Muri rusange hari firime zirenga 10, harimo na Hollywood "oz: zikomeye kandi biteye ubwoba" (2013) hamwe na James Franco nka Wizard.
Usibye inkuru zerekeye Oz, muri Bibliografiya, Lymeman Frank Bauma irimo ibitabo birenga 40 bijyanye nizindi nyuguti. Kurugero, "ubuzima n'ibitekerezo bya Santa Claus" (1902) ku buryo ikimenyetso cy'umwaka mushya cyagaragaye muri Amerika. Muri iyi nkuru, ishyamba rya Bursi rivugwa bwa mbere. Kubyerekeye abayituye n'ibitangaza Frank Baum ibi bigizwe n'ibindi bikorwa bitandatu.
Urupfu
Impamvu y'urupfu rwa Lyameman Frank Bauum yari inzitizi yimuwe ku ya 5 Gicurasi 1919. Nyuma ye, umwanditsi agwa muri uwo, ariko gato yiyegurira umugore we amagambo ya nyuma."Ubu dushobora gutsinda umusenyi w'ibaba," dore amagambo y'urupfu.Yavuze ku butayu bwica buzengurutse igihugu cya Oz.
Ku ya 6 Gicurasi 1919, Bauma ntiyabikoze. Yashyinguwe mu irimbi rya Lawn Ryibutso i Glendel, muri Californiya. Mu 1953, uburyo bwa gage yagaruwe iruhande rw'umwanditsi. Gucira amafoto n'amafoto, imva yabo ishushanya imva yoroshye yerekana amazina n'imyaka y'ubuzima.
Amagambo
- "Mw'isi yacu ntakindi cyiza kuruta isura nziza yumwana."
- "Ubwenge ntibubaho na gato! Umuntu wese azi ikintu, abandi batazi; Ubumenyi butangwa mu buzima buzima ku isi, kandi nta muntu ufite uburenganzira bwo kwibwira ko ubwenge bwe. "
- "Ikintu kibi cyane muri ubu buzima ni ukugumaho nta mutima."
- "Impamvu abantu benshi ari mbi nuko batagerageza no kuba beza."
- "Ubwana ni igihe umuntu yishimiye abantu bose."
Bibliografiya
- 1900 - "Umupfumu utangaje kuva OZ"
- 1904 - "Igihugu Cyiza OZ"
- 1907 - "OZDA kuva OZ"
- 1908 - "Dorothy na Wizard muri Oz"
- 1909 - "Genda Kuri OZ"
- 1910 - "Umujyi wa OZ"
- 1913 - "Amateka ya Wizard kubyerekeye OZ"
- 1913 - "Loskutka kuva OZ"
- 1914 - "Tick-Yubu kuva OZ"
- 1915 - "Ntugakoreye OZ"
- 1916 - "RicIndink muri OZ"
- 1917 - "Kubura Umuganwakazi OZ"
- 1918 - "Umuhanda w'ibiti biva OZ"
- 1919 - "Ubumaji bwa OZ"
- 1920 - "Glond Kuva Oz"