Ubuzima
Michel Foucault yabaye umuntu wijimye wumuco wubufaransa winjiza kumurongo hamwe numurongo nk'uwo nka Jacques Derrida, Jean-Paul Sartre, Roland Bart hamwe nabandi. Igikorwa ca siyansi n'umuco, ibitekerezo by'ingenzi by'umushakashatsi byagize ingaruka ku iterambere rya filozofiya igezweho, yagize uruhare muri psychologiya, kunegura ubuvanganzo.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umuhanga yavutse ku ya 15 Ukwakira 1926 akibera. Data, kimwe na nyirukuru, wishora mu kubagwa. Ariko rero, umurongo wa se, abo bagabo bambaye izina rya Pawulo, ariko, umwana yaretse ababyeyi kubera kamere ye yiheruka, yiyita Michel. Usibye we, umuryango wa Francin na murumuna wa Denis barezwe mu muryango.
Nkumwana, Foucault yize muri Lyceum ya Heinrich VI, kandi muri 1940 yimukiye muri kaminuza ya St. Stanislav. Amaze kwakira mu 1943 impamyabumenyi y'urwana ba Baplor, yatangiye kwitegura ibizamini by'ibizamini mu ishuri risanzwe risanzwe. Mu busore bwe, yashishikajwe na filozofiya, yasanze imirimo ya George Gegel, Friedrich Nietzsche, Charles Jung nandi mandore.
Mu 1946, Michelle anyura mu bigeragezo by'akababaro, Michelle yabaye umunyeshuri. Mu myigire ye, umusore yahuye n'inyigisho zihangayika muri psychologiya, psychopathology. Mu rwego rw'amasomo, Umufaransa yasuye ibitaro byera Anna n'ibindi bigo bikiza byo kurwara mu mutwe, kureba imyitwarire y'abarwayi.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwihariye muri biografiya ya filozofiya yari yuzuye. Igihe yari akiri umunyeshuri, umusore yatangiye kubona kamere ye yo kuryamana kw'abahuje igitsina. Ubu buvumburwa bwakoze bwa mbere imirongo igoye guhangayika, yagerageje no kwiyahura. Ariko nyuma yigihe, Umufaransa yatangiye kumva atuje kugirango abone ikintu cye kidasanzwe.Mu ntangiriro za 50s, Foucault yatangiye urukundo rwumuyaga rwa Jean Barrak. Umubano watekereza n'umucuranzi, wahuye mbere n'ubucuti bworoshye, bwakomeje kugeza mu 1955, igihe umuhanga mu bya filozofiya yagiye muri Suwede. Kuba mu gutandukana nabakunzi, Michelle yohereje buri munsi kugeza mubutumwa bwuzuye.
Ariko, mu 1956, Jean yohereje ibaruwa yatangaje ko yatandukanije. Mu 1960, umuhanga yasubiye mu Bufaransa. Hano iherezo ryamuzana ku basore bitwa Daniel Defer. Ibyiyumvo byari ubwinambuzi kandi byabitswe kugeza gupfa. Muri icyo gihe, abagabo bari abashyigikiye umubano ufunguye batangira ibitabo kuruhande.
Ibikorwa bya siyansi
Mu ntangiriro za 50, umuhanga yavuze nk'umwarimu mu ishuri risanzwe risanzwe. Inyigisho Michel yateje inyungu mubanyeshuri. Muri bo harimo Jacques derrid, waje kuba uhagarariye ishuri rya deconstiviry. Nyuma yaje kumenya ubuhanga bwa Oratoni. Mugereranije, kunoza mubushakashatsi bwa psychologiya na filozofiya, Foucault yatangiye kwandika imirimo yambere yubumenyi.
Mu gice cya kabiri cya 50, Umufaransa yakiriye ubutumire bwa kaminuza ya Suwede. Amaze kwimuka, umugabo yayoboye amasomo mu gifaransa no mu buvanganzo. Hano umuhanga yatangiye kwandika ibyavuzwe. Hamburg ibikorwa byo kwigisha byakomeje i Warsaw, nyuma ya filozofiya yasubiye i Paris.
Mu 1961, Michel yiregura umurimo wo gutanga impamyabumenyi "Ubusazi na Nerazumia. Amateka yubusazi mubihe bya kera. " Mu gice cya kabiri cya 60, amaze kurengana nyuma yo kwigomeka kuri Tuniziya, atangira gusoma mu nyigisho za kaminuza yaho ku buhanzi na aestthetique y'ishusho y'iburengerazuba. Umwe muribo "arashushanya mana" - nyuma yasohotse muburyo bwanditse.
Mubikorwa bya mbere bya siyansi "amagambo nibintu" na "Ubucukuzi bw'ubumenyi", filozofiya yakoze nk'imiterere. Muri ibyo bikora, gusesengura ibintu byo mu kirere, umugabo yakoresheje icyemezo cyaremwe nacyo, umupaka watopia na anti-alcopia.
Ariko, nyuma yaje kwanga ibitekerezo byiki cyerekezo. Icyifuzo gikomeye kuri Umuhanga cyari ibibazo byo gusomana umubano n'ibyaha. Mu gitabo "gupfunyika no guhana: kuvuka kwa gereza" Foucault asobanura ubwihindurize bw'ibigo bya gereza, byerekana uburyo ibintu bya buri gihe byahinduye kugatabira sosiyete ibyerekeye kwicwa.
Kuva mu myaka ya za 70 no kugeza mu 1984, Michel yaremye umurimo munini "amateka y'ibitsina". Gahunda z'umushakashatsi yari yamaze mu majwi atandatu, ariko abasha gutangaza batatu gusa. Umufilozofe yatekereje ku bibazo by'igorofa mu ngingo zitandukanye, yasesenguwe nk'imbaraga, ibikenewe ku giti cye (Tom "yiyitaho"), ukuri kw'amateka bigize ibitekerezo runaka kuri ibyo bibazo.
Mu ntangiriro za 80, Michelle yasuzuguye muri kaminuza ya de France, nyuma yasohokaga mu icapiro. Muri bo, "Hermenevics y'isomo", "ibiganiro ku bashake no kumenya" n'abandi. Nkumuntu ufite umwanya wa politiki ukora, umuhanga wanditse avuga ingingo zerekeye sosiyete sivile, cyane cyane umurimo w "abanyabwenge n'imbaraga". Umutego wa psychologue na we yakunze inyandiko za Sartre, insanganyamatsiko zisingi zibaho.
Nta gihe kikiriho hagati y'abanenga bigezweho, yaba FOUCo yari postmodern. Ibitekerezo bimwe bivugwa mu nyandiko z'Umufaransa, ubasobanukirwe na phenomenon yinyandiko n'umwanditsi, code na disikuru hafi yumugabo hamwe nabahagarariye abapayizo za postmodern. Ariko icyarimwe, umuhanga mu bya filozofiya ntabwo yahanze ahantu runaka, ashakisha uburyo bushya bwo kumenya ubuzima.
Urupfu
Rimwe mu mwaka nigice mbere y'urupfu rwa Michel rwatangiye gutsinda ibihugu bibabaza, umuriro, inkorora yumye yagaragaye. Nk'uko byabinyabuzima ba birwanyi bahanganye, uwo mugabo yararwaye sida, ariko kwisuzumisha kwemewe ntabwo byazanye umuganga. Muri iki gihe, uwagutse yari hafi yakundwaga. Dukurikije Daniyeli, kuva mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1983, wa filozofiya yari azi ko vuba aha azapfa vuba.Amezi asigaye yumushakashatsi yitanze kukazi, yanditse amajwi ya 4 y '"amateka y'ibitsina". Mu ntangiriro za Kamena, Umufaransa yakubise ivuriro, aho habaye inzira yo kwivuza. Habayeho iterambere ryigihe gito, ariko ku ya 25 Kamena, Foucault yaguye. Impamvu y'urupfu yabaye ingorane zatewe n'indwara. Umuhanga yashyinguwe mu irimbi rya Vandeur-Duito, aho imva z'ababyeyi be ziherereye.
Amagambo
- "Umutwe uhinduka igihanga, ariko ubu birasanzwe."
- "Hagarika kuba umusazi - bisobanura gutsinda, wemera kubona ubuzima bwawe, kumenya imiterere y'imiterere ya bisabwa, reka kwinezeza."
- "Inzira iva ku muntu ku muntu ku muntu uwo ari we unyuze musaze k'umuntu."
- Ati: "Turabizi neza ibihe by'amadini ko Ijambo rigaragazwa no kutabaho icyo bisobanura."
- "Marxism yagabanijwe ku ikariso ku byago bibangamira guhinduka, gufungura."
Bibliografiya
- 1961 - "Amateka Yubusazi muri Epoch ya kera"
- 1963 - "Ivuka ry'ivuriro: Ubucukumbuzi bwo Kuvura Ubuvuzi"
- 1966 - "Amagambo nibintu"
- 1969 - "Ubucukumbuzi bw'ubumenyi"
- 1975 - "Andika kandi uhane"
- 1976 - "Ubushake bwo Kumenya"
- 1984 - "Gukoresha ibinezeza"
- 1984 - "Witondere"