Ubuzima
Hannibal ni umuyobozi wa karita ya karitayhaginsky numunyapolitiki wa kera. Abahanga mu by'amateka bitwa Politiki y'urwego rukomeye rwa gisirikare, amayeri ye yize abayobozi bakomeye ba Roma ya kera. Ntabwo yari azi gutsinda gusa, ahubwo yari anatakaza icyubahiro. Uyu munsi, izina rya Carthageanin rishyirwa kumurongo umwe hamwe na Alexander Makedoniya, Julia Sezari hamwe nabandi bantu b'uruNrujiya ba kera.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Komanda yavutse mu 247 mbere ya Yesu. Ns. muri Carthage. Se w'umuhungu yabaye Hamilkar kuri Barkadwiswe Barkad Barkad Barkad ("umurabyo"), uzwi cyane ku bukangurambaga bwa gisirikare. Abahanga bananiwe gushyiraho nyina Hannibal. Ukurikije inyandiko zabigenewe, yaje kuba umuhungu wa mbere mu muryango, ariko ntabwo ari umwana wa mbere wa Barka: abakobwa batatu bagaragaye mbere, amazina yacyo ntiyabitswe. Abavandimwe b'Urugo rwazaga rwabaye Gasdrubal na Manon.
Ubwoko bwa Hamilkar yagiye mumodoka yo hejuru yiristoma. Nk'uko amakuru amwe abitangaza, Barca yari afite umuhungu wa kane, yiciwe kubera ibitambo muri 240 mbere ya Yesu. Ns. Mbega ukuntu iki kibe cyizewe gikomeje kuba amayobera. Muri uwo mwaka, umugabo mu cyemezo cy'Inama Njyanama y'abasaza Carthagena yajyanye n'ubukangurambaga bwa gisirikare bwo muri Sisile.
Igihe Hannibal yari afite imyaka 9, se yajyanye umuhungu w'umuhungu we muri Espanye. Mbere yo kugenda (ukurikije umugani), Hamilkar yasabye ko samurara arahira imbere y'Imana azahinduka umwanzi w'i Roma kuva muriki gihe. Nyuma, amasezerano y'umuhungu yitwaga "Hannibal indahiro." Mu bimaze kuba mu butaka bwa Espagne, Ingabo z'intambara iri imbere zabaye mu nkambi ya gisirikare, nize ku barwanyi b'inararibonye.
Amahugurwa yumuhungu nayo yafashwe hano. Abarimu bitwaye Carthaginique kandi baratumiza Abagereki. Bidatinze, Hannibali, hamwe na murumunawe Gasdrubal, batangiye kwitabira intambara. Muri imwe muri izi ntambara zongerera Geliki, se yahatiwe gusubira inyuma. Kugira ngo akinde abahungu, Hamilkar ashimishijwe n'abanzi, yerekeza yerekeza ku ruzi, ariko ararohama. Abahungu boherejwe mu gice cy'ingabo kundi muhanda barakijijwe.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwihariye bwa Hannibal bufunze ibanga. TIT Libiya yanditse mubyo yanditse ko, kuba muri Esipanye, komanda yashakanye n'umugore waho. Birashoboka, umukecuru yiswe Imilka - ahamagara rero uwo mwashakanye imirasire ya karitanin ya kera yubucuruzi italik. Abashakanye babanaga igihe gito - kujya mu Butaliyani, ingamba ntizihura n'umukunzi we.Amateka y'imyaka ya kera yashize yavuze ko ari we wo mu muryango wintambara, ushinjwa gutandukana n'imibonano mpuzabitsina. Byavuzwe, cyane cyane ko mu mujyi wa Salapia wa Apali, Hannibal yari afite igitabo gifite indaya yaho.
Umwuga wa Gisirikare
Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Hamilkar, umuyobozi mushya wa Carthage yabaye umukwe we witwa Gasdrubal. Yakoze igihe gito - Bidatinze, umugabo aricwa. Umwanya wagiye Hannibal ukoresheje gutora. Bidatinze, komanda yateguye ubukangurambaga, intego yacyo ni ryo kwagura uturere twhapin mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'umuryango wa Pyrenean.
Imbaraga zabamugaye Imana yubahirijwe n'imijyi myinshi, kandi mu baturage bonyine ni umudendezo waburanishijwe cyane. Barasabwe, Ambasaderi muri Roma yageze inshuro inshuro nyinshi kuri Gunnibal, wasabye Carhaginian guhagarika urugomo. Ariko, igihe cyose imishyikirano ntacyo yari imaze. Nyuma yo kugotwa amezi 8, umujyi wishyize mu maboko. Abagabo bakuze baciwe, kandi abagore n'abana baragurishijwe mu bucakara.
Nyuma yo gukora ibikorwa bya gisirikare byagenze neza, Komanda yatekereje gahunda y'ibikorwa ku gitero cy'Ubutaliyani. Abasirikare ba Carhage bagombaga gutsinda pyrenees. Mu nzira, abarwanyi bagombaga kwinjiramo imiryango nto ituwe n'aka karere. Nyuma y'inzibacyuho ndende mu misozi, ingabo zabuze abarwanyi benshi, ariko ntibyabujije Hannibal mu cyifuzo cyo gutsinda Roma.
Ukuza kwa komanda mu Butaliyani byatunguwe kandi bishyiraho intangiriro y'intambara ya kabiri. Umuyobozi w'Abaroma wa Sconipius Regipius muri iki gihe muri Espagne azahita yoherejwe n'ingabo. Ariko amahirwe masa ntabwo yaherekeje Abanyaroma, kandi, gutwara igihombo, bahatiwe gusubira inyuma.
Amaze gutsinda urugamba rutaha, Hannibal yimukira i Roma. Bidatinze, yagira amahirwe yo guhamagara abasirikare ba Fabia Maxim kandi aranga amafaranga ya Rufa. Icyakora, Carthageanina yananiwe kuvunya ingabo z'abanzi: Mobiy yashoboye guhatira ingamba guhagarika urugamba. Muri icyo gihe, umusirikare wa mwene Hamilkar hafi y'ibigega. Hanyuma, komanda ahitamo guhindura amayeri ayobowe na Canune.
Intambara ya Cannes yaje kuba imwe mu mbibi muri biografiya ya Hannibal. Ingamba zatekerejweho neza, kubaka ingabo muburyo bwihariye, muburyo bwumuhanga, byatumye bishoboka gutsinda vuba umurongo w'Abaroma. Aba nyuma batakaje abantu ibihumbi 50 kurugamba, mugihe carthage yatakaje ibihumbi 6. Abandi bakurikije iyi ntambara, imigi mishya yayobowe.
Ariko, muri Nola na Kapuye, yarengereye. Umujyi wa nyuma wafashwe na Carthagini watangiye agose Abanyaroma. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abatuye umujyi bafite inshingano. Uku gutsindwa byatesheje agaciro ubutware bwa Hannibal mu bafatanyabikorwa. Guhera kuri 210 kugeza n. Ns. Komanda yayoboye intambara zifite intsinzi itandukanye. Ubutaka bwagaragaje n'ingabo ze buhoro buhoro basubira mu Baroma.
Gukosora ibintu, irborrd yohereje ibaruwa ya Brat Gasdrubal yahamagaye kugirango abone ubufasha. Icyakora, ubutumwa bwahagaritswe, kandi kugenda ubwawe bahita bagwa ku rugamba. Hagati aho, ingabo za Sicsio zerekezaga muri Afurika, aho abasirikare b'ingabo za Hannibal bashingiye, kandi batesha umutwe.
Umuhungu wa Hamilkar amaze kumenya ibihugu by'Afurika. Mugihe c'intambara, gutsindwa kwa Hannibal kubera impamvu mu 202 mbere ya Yesu. Ns. Imishyikirano ya Komanda yashoboye kubyemera no gusoza isi. Gutyo byarangiye intambara ya kabiri ya kabiri.
Urupfu
Hannibal, yarokotse nyuma yo kunyura mu bwoko bwa Carthage, yagiye mu bunyage. Yavuganye n'umwami wa Siriya Antiyokiya ya III n'umutware wa Viphini prusiy. Bombi bakoreraga imbaraga z'Abaroma. Ariko, aba nyuma bahinduye ibitekerezo bye kandi batanga aho umugaba w'ingabo ku basirikare. Nabonye ko nakikijwe, Hannibal yemeye uburozi muri pari, buri gihe yambara. Impamvu y'urupfu rw'umuyobozi yari uburozi.Kwibuka
Ibitabo:
- 1941 - "Hannibal", Umwanditsi Jack Lindsay
- 1960 - "Nagendanaga na Hannibal", umwanditsi Hans Bauman
- 1963 - "Inzovu Hannibal", umwanditsi Alexander Nemirovsky
- 1983 - "Hannibal, umuhungu Hamilkar", umwanditsi Georgy Gulia
- 1989 - "Hannibal. Roman Kubijyanye na Carthage ", umwanditsi Gispert Haaafs
- 1995 - "Hannibal", umwanditsi Rokkki
- 1998 - Scypio nyafurika, umwanditsi Rokki
- 2000 - "Carthage", umwanditsi Rokki
Filime:
- 1914 - "Kabiria"
- 1937 - "Abanyafurika Scypio - Gutsindwa Hannibal"
- 1955 - "Mukundwa Jupiter"
- 1959 - "Hannibal"
- 1997 - "Intambara ikomeye ya Hannibal"
- 2001 - "Hannibal - Umugabo wangaga Roma"
- 2005 - "Hannibal kurwanya Roma"
- 2005 - "Amateka Yukuri ya Hannibal"
- 2006 - "Hannibal: Umuyobozi w'imigani"