Amateka y'inyuguti
Vampires, hamwe na zombies na impyisi, - Insanganyamatsiko akunda y'abakinnyi bagerageza gutera ubwoba abatera ubwoba cyangwa kwibiza mu mateka y'urukundo, nk'uko byakorewe muri filime "Twilight" hamwe na Robert Pattison na Kristen.
Mubyukuri, nta ntoki zihagije zo kwibutsa umubare wa firime cyangwa ibikorwa byubuvanganzo, bivugwa na fangster. Ariko vampire yingenzi ikomeje kubara Dracula - mbikesheje ibi, inyuguti yo mushyanga ya Bram yagaragaye amashusho yuburenganzira bwamaraso abaho mu mwijima no guhiga inzirakarengane.
Amateka na prototype
Umunyamakuru wo muri Irlande n'umwanditsi w'inkuru ngufi ya Stor Stoker ntabwo yari umwanditsi wa mbere watekerezaga ko arwanya umutware wa Vampire, kuko imbere ye iyi moko yo mu by'icyongereza ikomoka mu Butaliyani inkomoko y'ubutaliyani , gutangaza abasomyi bafite inkuru "vampire" (1819).
Igitekerezo cy'imirimo ya Fadori cyagarutse mu gicu 1816, ubwo yaherekeje Umwami George Bairon mu rugendo i Burayi. Podari yahagaze mu Busuwisi, aho bahuriye na Mariya gusuzugura n'umusizi w'icyongereza wa Persi Beach.
Kuva mu 1816 irangwa n'indwara n'ibirimo, Bayron na John Phalori bagombaga kuguma muri Villa Diodeati, utari kure y'ikiyaga. Muri imwe muri iyo Nyakanga Umugoroba hafi y'umuriro George, yatumiye abanditsi bo mu banditsi bakubiswe kugira ngo bakonje inkuru z'amaraso.
Mary Shelley yashushanyije inkuru yerekeye umuhanga wo muri Geneve, wahamye kubaho mu byingenzi. Nyuma, izi nyandiko zandikishijwe intoki zahinduwe mu kigero kizwi cyane cy'Abaroma "frankenstein, cyangwa promeyo igezweho" (1831).
Lord Byron na we yatanze inkuru ye mu kwandika umurimo muto kuri Kanamas aracya. Ariko umugambi wanze igitekerezo cye, mugihe cobera ye yatoye iki gitekerezo. Ariko, nyuma yo gutangaza inkuru "Vampire", iyi nyandiko yandikishijwe intoki yashyizweho umukono yitwaje izina rya Baironi, kandi rero byaragaragaye ko Umuremyi nyawe wigitabo yari Polydori, yahinduye igisimba cya Fanks muri Aristocrat.
Ku bijyanye no guhagarara, yatangiye gukora ku kazi ke mu mpeshyi yo mu 1890. Niba umwanditsi yasomye inkuru ya mugenzi we wubutaliyani - biragoye, ariko birazwi ko imbere yinzirakaga habaye amashusho yumurimo uzaza: Umukunzi we usohoka mu isanduku, arambuye Umuhogo mukuru.
Umuhungu w'umwanditsi yakundaga kuvuga ko ishusho ya Dracula yaje ku Muremyi mu nzozi: bivugwa nijoro yarose ko yasize ubwoba n'umwanga uteye ubwoba aribashye ya Vampires. Byongeye kandi, igituba cyasuye Gothic Scotchish Castle Slanene, wasunitse shebuja wa pier gukora igitabo cyijimye. Umwanditsi yahumekeye Roman Sheridan Le Fanty "Karmilla" (1872).
Igitekerezo cy'igitabo cy'Abayitsi cyahinduwe mu mpeshyi yo mu 1890, igihe yaruhukira mu mujyi wa Whitby, ari mu ntara y'icyongereza ya yorkshire. Ngaho, umwanditsi yasitaye ku isomero ryaho, aho mu ntoki harimo umugani n'amavuko y'i Burayi y'Iburasirazuba ryerekeye Umutegetsi w'iburasirazuba bwa Valialia - Vlad III w'ikirere, na we azwi nka VLAD DRACULA. Uyu mutwara ikamba maze aba prototype yimiterere nyamukuru yo mu gitabo cy'amazi.
Imiterere nk'iyi y'amabara, nk'umunyururu, ntishobora gukurura umwanditsi, kubera ko Halo akwirakwira ku muntu we, Halo akwirakwizwa ku mugani wose w'imigani ashoboye kuzana ingagi ku ruhu rwa buri wese kandi bose.
Igihe Dracula yavutse kumucyo - ntikiramenyekana. Kubwibyo, abahanga bavuga ko ibyo byabaye hagati ya 1429-1430 na 1436. Umwana wavutse ntabwo yari abwibone cyane: yari afite amaso yirabura yatutse, nkaho afite uburwayi bwabasimba, kandi mu maso he harabatse iminwa.
Ariko, ukurikije kwibuka mu gihe cy'aho, Umwami wa Valiya ntabwo yigeze agendana neza: abantu babwiwe ko imigani ye ikomeye yabonaga abantu. Abandi bakundaga kuvuga ko Dracula, Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, byagize isura ishimishije kandi yari umuntu w'amabara afite umukara, nka Syin, ubwanwa.
Amazina ya Vlad III yamukuye kuri se. Ikigaragara ni uko VLAD II yari igizwe n'itegeko rya knight rya kiyoka, barwanye n'abasirikare no kwera. Byongeye kandi, ababyeyi Vlad ibiceri bigizwe n'ishusho ya monster y'umuriro kandi bambaraga umuhuza idasanzwe hamwe n'ikiyoka, bagaragaza ko ari iy'itegeko. Byongeye, ukomoka mu rurimi rwa Rumanian, ijambo "Drac" risobanurwa ngo "rihindurwa".
Amabwiriza ya Dracula afite umutware muto wa Valachia hamwe numurwa mukuru wa Targovishte kandi yubaha Abanyaturukiya. Mu 1446, hakorwa ho muri Hongiriya, kubera ko Umwami yaciye umutwe, umuvandimwe Chapesha yashyinguye ari muzima.
Abahanga bemeza ko ibintu byabaye ari ugushinga imiterere ya kamere ya Vlad III, wumvaga Umutegetsi w'umugome cyane mu mateka. Yabaye azwi cyane kubera ivugurura ry'amadini, ndetse no gutembera mu bwami bwa Ottoman, nubwo Abanyaturiska bafashije Vlad III igihe gito kugirango batsinde intebe nyuma yigitero cya Hongiriya. Imigani yerekeye amarorerwa yumurongo ni byinshi, bityo biragoye cyane gutandukanya ibihimbano byukuri.
Merrrr Valalia Turks Ticks ikibazo, bivuze "colochet" mu guhindura, kubera ko igitero cy'abahohotewe cyakorewe imigabane yakundaga Drake. Dukurikije ibihuha, VLAD yahisemo kuzenguruka colas: uwahohotewe ku buremere bw'umubiri we, kandi iherezo rya Cola ritagerwaho ryabaye inzego z'ingenzi, bityo urupfu rutabaza abamaritiri mu minsi mike gusa. Bavuga ko VLAD III yakundaga kureba ifunguro hejuru yububabare bwo kuba intandaro.
Ihuriro ryo gutakaza imirambo y'amaraso ryarimbishijwe n'imbibi za Valiya, aho bahamagaye Drampire Vampire. Ariko amakuru yizewe yerekeye kuba Dracula wanyoye amaraso yabantu ntabwo. Byongeye kandi, muri biografiya y'umunyururu, hari ibindi bihe by'ubugome: Ubutabiriwe, yategetse imisumari mu mutwe, kuko batakuyeho ingoyi mbere yuko umwami ahagera , hanyuma arafunga na arson, kuko yari ananiwe kureba abatuye ubworozi.
Ariko, nubwo yavuguruzaga ibidukikije, Vlad II yumvise intwari ye yo mu gihugu ndetse n'ubuhanga bw'igitekerezo cya gisirikare. Yoshobora bitagoranye gutsinda ingabo zirenga umubare abanzi, kuko aho bahamagara umunyururu wa "mwana wa Satani" ndetse yemera ko Dracula yari yagurishije ubugingo Lusiferi maze gukoreshwa imihango magic.
Ikibatsi cya Bram, gihumekewe n'umutegetsi utagira ubugome, warangije igitabo cye gifite imyaka irindwi gusa, niga imigenzo yaho yose. Ariko birakwiye kuvuga ko igitabo "kitari ubuzima bwurunigi, ariko akazi k'ubuvanganzo byigenga. Ntibitangaje kubona abashakashatsi bamwe badasunika Inkware ya Valash yakamba hamwe na Dracula kuva mu gitabo cya Irilande.
Iki gitabo cyazanye igitabo cyatuye n'icyubahiro, ariko icyo gihe cyarakomeje igihe kinini, kuko icyo gihe cyangiritse cy'amayobera y'Abaroma Maria Crorelli "Satani SE SWALI" (1895) yasohotse akubye amaduka y'ibitabo.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, icyemezo cy'Abaroma cy'Abaroma, kikaba "encyclopedia ya vampire", cyahaye imbaraga mu masomo mashya ku isi y'ibitabo, muri cinema na animasiyo, kuko ariwe wamamaye vampire vampire-aristocrat utuye mu kigo cyijimye. Igitabo kijyanye n'inkingi y'amaraso byabaye ingenzi, kandi umwanditsi ubwe yabonye imbaga y'abayoboke.
Ishusho ya Dracula
Stocker yasobanuye Dracula, nkuko umuntu wapfuye yapfuye avuye muri Transyvania. Kubara byari umunyamwete. Kwimukira mu Bwongereza, yasomye ibitabo bikwiye, yaguze ibitabo n'ibinyamakuru, kandi yize ururimi rudakomeye. Vampire yakusanyije kugura imitungo i Londres, ariko mbere yuko asanga avoka. Ariko umunyamategeko Jonathan Hacker ntiyakekaga ko umuguzi w'imitungo itimukanwa muri Rumaniya atari umukire w'imitungo itimukanwa atari abakire gusa, ahubwo ko ari igisimba nyacyo, ukunda kurya amaraso y'abantu.
Hacker yageze mu gihome cya Dracula, kandi nyir'imitungo yahise ahinduka agambani cyane, ndetse yafunze imiryango yose ishobora guteza akaga kugira ngo ibibazo bitabaye ku mushyitsi, kandi nanone bitera ibintu bye mubyumba. Mubyukuri, Dracula yazanye gahunda yamayeri, iyihishe munsi ya mask yuburyarya: Vampire yashakaga guha Yonatani kunyuka kuri bagenzi bacu batatu bashira. Ku ngorora, umunyamategeko yasabye inkoko ikennye, salade, foromaje n'icupa rya vino ya kera ya Turukiya. Dracula yanze kujya mumeza, avuga Hacker:
Ati: "Nizere ko mumbabaje niba ntagufite isosiyete: Namaze kurya kandi sinigeze ngendo."Kubijyanye no kugaragara, kubara Dracula byari byiza nka marble, batunze isura yingufu kandi yumwimerere, izuru rito hamwe nizuru ryirabura nayirakara. Byongeye kandi, Dracula yari ifite amaboko yinyama hamwe nintoki ngufi n'imisumari ndende, kimwe na shelegi ityaye.
By the way, Stocker yahaye Antagonist hamwe nimbaraga zuzuye. Kan Helding yakundaga kuvuga ko Dracula yahawe imbaraga zabantu makumyabiri kandi ishobora kuvana nabatavuga rumwe nabo bonyine.
Kubara bifite ubushobozi bwondengakamere: Byashoboye kugenda hejuru yububiko hamwe numuvuduko mwinshi, ushobora kugenzura amatungo no kubahindukira, ategeka ibintu kandi uhinduka igihu. Nta ndorerwamo imwe yari munzu ya Dracula, kubera ko Vampire itayigaragajwe muri yo.
Umuhungu we na we yategetse mu gihome cye, nk'uko izuba rirenga ridakora intege nke. Byongeye kandi, Yonatani yavuze ko nyir'ikigo atataye igicucu kandi ntashobora gukurwa mu mva ye, bityo amafi y'ibihugu by'imbunda ya Drame yamye na we.
Abakinnyi
Bwa mbere, ishusho ya tungurusumu, amazi yera na feza yakinnye umukinnyi wa Hongiriya Paul Asconine mu izina rimwe rya FcranUla, ryasohotse mu 1921. Ariko abarebera ntibazashobora kwishimira umukino wo gukora Pawulo, kuko iyi filime yatakaye: Gusa amakadiri make arashobora kuboneka kuri enterineti.
Byongeye kandi, mu 1922, film yo mu nda frishrich wilhelm murtaau "Nosferatua. Symphony y'amahano "(amazina y'inyuguti nkuru yagombaga gusimburwa kuko studio ntishobora kubona uburenganzira ku itegeko). Uruhare nyamukuru rw'igishushanyo cya kagoma cyakozwe na Max Shrek. Nibyo, abaremwa ba firime ntibatwitswe ishusho yamaraso kumurimo wa stocker: nyir'ikigo agaragara imbere yabareba muri Lyshim, ereared kandi ntawe ubwawe.
Ariko cinemati itazibagirana cyane yabaye imwe yasohojwe numukinnyi wabanyamerika Bela Lugoshi. Umuhanzi yari azi ko uruhare muri filime ku izina rya Irilande byatuma bizwi cyane, nuko yegera akazi ke cyane kandi atuma Aristocrac akomeye, yanze gukoresha maquillage. Mubikorwa bya Lugoshi, ibintu byose byari byiza: Byoroheje byo mumaso na plastike, nuburyo bwo kuvuga. Yasoje amasezerano na bose kandi akinira muri firime nyinshi za VAMPIRE (DAMUT - "Dracula" (1931).
Filime ya mbere y'amabara yerekeranye na Dralanski yayobowe na Roman Polanski mu 1967, uruhare rwa Vampire rwagiye kuri Ferdi Mayna. Iyi filime yari yuzuye urwenya kandi yari ubwoko bwa vampire diapire.
Mu 1970 na 1973, umukinnyi Christopher Lee Recobarnated mu gishushanyo, inzara muri firime ziteye ubwoba "Kubara Dracula" na "Imihango ya" Drangova "na Peter Kishing.
Mu 1992, abayobozi bagerageje kuzana Kinocartin ku kazi bishoboka cyane nakazi ka Stocker, bakuraho kaseti ya Dracam ". Urunigi rwa VLAD rwagaragaye kandi mu kinamico ya Gothique: inkuru ya kaseti itangirana na kure 1462, igihe Vlad Bararab yagiye ku rugamba na Turukiya. Ariko abanzi bohereza amakuru y'ibinyoma, umutware wa Valiya yiciwe.
Rero, umugore (Winson Rider) yuwatsinze cum ubuzima bwo kwiyahura. Dracula yanze Imana kandi ihinduka vampire, ihindagurika mu isi y'abapfuye kandi yihore ku rupfu rw'umukunzi we. Inshingano nyamukuru zagiye i Kewa, Monica Bellucci, Gary Oldman, Richard E. Grant, Anthony Hopkins n'izindi nyenyeri za Sinema.
Nyuma yimyaka itatu, film-Parody-Parody "Dracula: Yapfuye kandi Yanyuzwe" (1995) Yashyizwe ahagaragara, aho Leslie Nielsen yagerageje Ishusho yamaraso ya eccentric kandi atatangizwa na TV. Abolosagues Leslie ku rutonde rwavuze: Peter Mcnikol, Stephen Weber, Amy Zambek na Harvey Korman.
Muri 2004, filime ingana ihanana "Van Auding" yararekuwe, ivuga umurwanyi wa Vampire. Hugh Jackman yakinnye imico nyamukuru, kandi uruhare rwa Dracula rwabonye Richard Roxburg. Muri uwo mwaka, imbonerahamwe yagize ubudake cyane, igaragara muri triller "icyuma: Ubutatu".
By the way, Johnny Depp, nta kibazo kinini, yashoboraga gukina imico nyamukuru yo mu gitabo cy'urutonde rwa Bram, kubera ko umukinnyi yagize uburambe bwo kuvuka ubwa kabiri muri Vampire muri Filime Berton "(2012). Brad Pittu na Tom Kruz, na we, wagize amahirwe yo kugerageza ku ishusho yikiremwa giteye ubwoba muri firime kuri Ann Rice "(1994).
Film
Abakinnyi babonye firime zirenga mirongo itandatu zerekeye umwami wa VAPIRE, kandi umubare w'izi firime ntacogora. Byongeye kandi, Dracula igaragara muri kaseti ya animasiyo haba nka chameo no mu nshingano za Kine, n'abakunda Anime b'Abayapani bahuza igishushanyo na Manga ". Urutonde rwa Filime zizwi cyane:
- 1922 - "Nosfeperat. Syhony
- 1931 - "Dracula" (Bela Lugoshi)
- 1936 - "Umukobwa Dracula" (Gloria Houfen)
- 1943 - "Umuhungu wa Dracula" (Lon Cheney ML.)
- 1948 - "Abbott na Kostello bahura na Frankenstein" (Bela Lugoshi)
- 1965 - "DUCULA: Umuganwa w'igikomangoma umwijima" (Christopher Lee)
- 1967 - "Umupira wa Vampire" (Ferdi Maye)
- 1968 - "Dracula arazamuka ava mu mva" (Christopher Lee)
- 1974 - "Amaraso ya Dracula" (Udo Cyrus)
- 1992 - "Urutonde rwa Dramila rurram" (Gary Oldman)
- 1995 - "Dracula: Yapfuye kandi Yanyuzwe" (Leslie Nielsen)
- 2004 - Adding Van (Richard Roxburg)
- 2004 - "Blade 3: Ubutatu" (Dominic Stell)
- 2014 - "Dracula" (Luka Evans)
Ubuvanganzo
- 1819 - "Vampire" (John William Polidori)
- 1897 - "Dracula" (Bram Stroker)
- 1912 - "VAPIRE. Kuva mu muryango keza k'ibirego bya Dracula-Cardi "(Baron Olchevrhry)
- 1912 - "Dracala Sinrten" (Deiqre Stoker, Yen Holt)
- 2004 - "Dracula" (Abashakanye Cosshack)
- 2007 - "Umuganwa wa Vampires" (Ginn Kalogrididid)
- 2010 - "Inshingano za Dracula" (James Reese)
- 2011 - "Kwatura Dracula" (Elena Aridonova)
- 2013 - "Era Dracula" (Kim Newman)
- 2013 - "Dracula Mu Rukundo" (Karin Essex)
Ibintu bishimishije
- Christopher Lee, wakinnye Dracove itangaje, ntabwo afite umubabaro, yabonye ko ntamuntu numwe ufite imyaka ijana azashobora gukurikiranira inkware muri Lugoshi, warose kubona itegeko ryibara. Lugoshi yari azwi cyane ku buryo abafana bahaye impeta y'uyobowe na bo batitabira. Bela yahaye abantu kopi ya kopi y'imitako, n'abayoboke, kugira ngo bahabwe icyubahiro uwabanjirije, yagaragaye mu muntu muri buri filime igerweho.
- Urashobora kwica vampire hamwe na tungurusumu kandi wiyeguriye amasasu yifeza. Ariko kandi mu ntambara yo kurwanya monster yamaraso izafasha imyizerere, vanny mu mutima. Icyakora, Van Assest yavugaga ko ubu buryo budahagije, kandi bugirwa inama hiyongereyeho umutwe wose kugeza mu gikoko. Kandi kugirango amaraso adasohoka mu isanduku, birakwiye gushyira ishami ryibibu.
- Vampires yagaragaye mu migani y'Abamoniya gusa: urugero, abantu balayo bazanye imigenge yakundaga gutekereza ibinyampeke no kwihuta. Buri wese yica, ashyinguwe muburyo butari bwo: kwirinda guhindura umurambo muri vampire, kubambwa bigomba gushyirwa mu isanduku no gusuka ibirayi. Aba nyuma barakenewe kugira ngo, kubyuka, Vampire yatangiye gutekereza ku bisari: monster ishimishije izamara inyuma yiyi bakozi ijoro ryose kandi bapfe.
- Umuganwa w'agaganwa ka Brutal Vlad Charene yategetse ubwoko bwe. Umutegetsi wa Valash yashoboye kurandura ubujura. Nk'uko umugani, igikombe cya zahabu cyari gihagaze hafi y'iriba, kandi ibyifuzo byose bishobora kunywa amazi. Ariko tekereza kugirango utware ibyombo by'agaciro murugo, ntawe ushize amanga, kuko watewe kubara atari urupfu rwiza. Bavuga ko na nyuma y'urupfu rw'umunyururu, igikombe cyari gihagaze aho.
- Bram yuzuye igitabo cyakurikiranye: NTAWE, ntamuntu numwe uvuze, yabonye imbaraga zayo, akaba umuhanga wa Salomo, aho Sekibi ubwe yakinnye n'Umuyobozi.