Ubuzima
Arkady Golkov (Gaidar) ni umwanditsi w'abana, abitabiriye intambara y'abenegihugu n'Umuyahudi mu ntera. Golkov numwe mubantu bashyama cyane mumateka ya Soviti. Ninde ufite: Umwicanyi w'umugome w'abaturage b'abasivili, umusinzi w'inzoga mu gihe gito, cyangwa umwanditsi w'abana b'abana?Ubwana
Arkady Petrovich yagaragaye ku mucyo 9 (22) yo mu Mutarama 1904 mu mujyi wa Lgov, mu Ntara ya Kursk. Dukurikije umurongo w'ababyeyi, umwanditsi yari umunyacyubahiro udasanzwe (kandi, nyina wa Nataliya yari afitanye isano na Mikhail Lermontov), kuri papa - kuri papa - umwuzukuru w'umutungo wa serf.
Nyuma, umuryango wimukiye mu mujyi wa Arzamas. Arkady yari imfura, n'ahantu he hashya yari afite bashiki be batatu - Natasha, Katya na Olya. Abashakashatsi bavuga ko impano yakangutse mu mwanditsi no mu myaka ya mbere: Yize kwandika no kuvuga injyana ya mbere ya kwandika no kubara.
Ku myaka 10, umuhungu yagenwe mwishuri ryukuri rya Arzamas. Hano, imikino ngompeko nto yagerageje gutoroka imbere, aho se yajyanywe mbere, ariko umuhungu asubira iwe. Amaze kwiga mu ishuri, ARKADY yatangaye abarimu bafite kwibuka cyane - yakwibuka ibitabo byose n'ibitabo.
Umwuga wa Gisirikare
Nyuma yo kugwa k'umuryango wa cyami, amashyaka menshi na komite z'abanyeshuri bagaragaye muri Arzamas. Mu ci ryo mu 1917, Golikov yakiriye ibiro byo guhamagara, maze mu 1918 yinjira mu matsinda ya Bolshevik. Mu ikubitiro, Bolsheviks yafashe umusore muri RCP (B) nk'umukandida, kandi umunyamuryango wuzuye Golikov w'imyaka 15 yabaye umunyamuryango wuzuye w'ishyaka ku ya 15 Ukuboza 1918. Mu ikubitiro, yabaye umucamanza, nyuma yerekeje ishami rishinzwe umutekano wa gari ya moshi.
Umusore yahoraga abazwa imbere, ariko komanda ashimangira ko umusore yabanje kumahugurwa. Byabaye rero - Golikov yagiye mu matsinda ya Moscou y'ingabo zitukura. Nyuma, ikigo cyimuriwe muri Ukraine, i Kiev. Bimaze i Kiev, Arrwady yarwanye n'inyeshyamba za Pesse na Ukraine.
Mu 1919, Golikov yabaye umuyobozi w'imyaka 1920 - Komiseri w'icyicaro. Afite imyaka 17, yari azi ku gisirikare kirenze umuyobozi. Mu 1921 yakiriye izina ry'umuyobozi wo gutandukanya ikirego. Golkov yarwaniye ku mpande zitandukanye (muri Sochi, kuri Don, mu rugamba), aho yaguye kuri tifoyide, yakomeretse kandi bikaba kabiri. Mu 1922, yoherejwe guhagarika imyizerere yo kurwanya Abanyasoviyeti muri Khakasia. Hano hari umuyobozi ukiri muto kandi werekanye ko ari umunyagitugu w'inema, Abayahudi badakunda n'irashe ry'abaturage bakekwaho Banditism.
Abahanga mu by'amateka bavuga ko Gaidar yahuye n'abagore n'abana bo mu rutare maze yica umuntu wese uzakeka ibikorwa byo kurwanya Abasoviyeti. Mu 1922 yashinjwaga guhohotera ubutware bwemewe. Gaidar yambuye inyandiko kandi akuyemo ibirori, yohereza mubugenzuzi bwindwara. Impamvu yo gusuzuma "ihahamuka" irarangiye.
Kurema
Arkady Petrovich yagarutse avuye imbere kugeza kumukino wumunsi wacitse intege neza.
Ati: "Kuva mu bwato kugera ku mupira" - Uku niko abanyamagato baranga ibikorwa by'ubuvanganzo bya Golikov, byatangiye ako kanya nyuma y'uyu mwuga wa gisirikare urangiye. Arkady yafashe inyandiko ye ya mbere "mu gihe cyo gutsindwa n'intsinzi" ayizana muri Almanac yamamaye Lemingrad yamamaye. Akoresheje amagambo: "Ndi Norwady Golikov, kandi iyi ni yo ngashya ryanjye kandi ndamusaba gucapa", umwanditsi yatanze amakaye menshi ku mwanditsi. Kandi akazi kacapwe.
Hanyuma umwanditsi yimukira muri Perm, aho mu kinyamakuru "umukinnyi" umurimo we wa mbere muri Gaidanym Gaidanym ("inzu y'inguni".
Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, atangaza ibyanditswe na fechens. Mu guhagarika imitekerereze hagati yo guhungabanya umutekano no kwimuka, yanditse ibitabo byiza: "RVs", "ishuri" n "" impumyi za Kane ". Inshuro nyinshi, Arkady Petrovich ifata abaganga n'ibitero bishyushye byera, nyuma yafashwe azira kurasa mu buryo bwa bisi yasinze.
Ibikurikira bikurikiraho kugerageza kwiyahura - umwanditsi aragerageza guca imitsi. Boris Zaks - Umunyamakuru wa mugenzi we, yavuze ko amaboko ye yuzuye inkovu, kandi Vienna Vienna yagabanije inshuro zirenze imwe. Mu 1932, Golikov yinjiye mu bitaro byo mu mutwe, aho yanditse "ibanga rya gisirikare." Muri rusange, ukurikije ibyiringiro bya Gaidar ubwe, yari mubitaro bya psyclitani inshuro 8-10.
Mu 1938, icyubahiro cyose cyageze ku mwanditsi w'abana - Igihugu cyari gihuye n'ibitabo kandi byegeranyo by'inkuru ze, nibutse "Time". Umwanditsi yajyanye umuhungu wa Timur n'umukobwa wakira wa Zhenya muri Crimé kandi igihe gito yibagiwe ibibazo bya psychologiya.
Muri Werurwe 1941, Arkady Petrovich, iruhukiye muri sanatori "Sokolniki", yahuye n'ibyishimo bya Kosmodemyanskaya. Igihe intambara yatangiraga, Gaidar yahawe itegeko ryo kwandika filceneuria ku murimo wa Timur n'Ikipe ye. Inyandiko yararangiye mugihe cyiminsi 12, nyuma ya nkoniye yanditse imbere.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umwanditsi ubuzima bwe yashakanye inshuro eshatu:
Maria Nikolaevna Plaksina yabaye umugore wa mbere w'umwanditsi - Umuforomo w'imyaka 17. Umwanditsi ubwayo mugihe c'Ubukwe yari afite imyaka 17. Umugore wa mbere yahaye Gaidar umuhungu wa Zhenya, ariko imfura yapfuye akiri muto.
Umugore wa kabiri wa Golkova yari Umuti wa Leia Lazarevna w'imyaka 17 w'imyaka 17.Umushyigikiye Urugendo rw'abapayiniya n'Umuteguro w'Ikinyamakuru "Antre". Mu 1926, umuhungu wa Timur yavukiye mu bashakanye. Ariko, byari bigoye kubana numwanditsi, byaguriye inzoga kandi bikaba birwaye imivurungano yo mumutwe. Mu 1931, umugore we Lei yajyanye umuhungu we asiga umugabo we Samson Glauser (umunyamakuru "Komsolskaya Pravda").
Ku nshuro ya gatatu, umwanditsi kandi yifatanije n'imihango yo gushyingirwa hamwe na chernhevoy ihenze. Byabaye mu 1938. Nkumugore ugeze mu zabukuru, Dora yari amaze kugirana umukobwa wa Eugene, nyuma yaho.
Imyaka Yanyuma nurupfu
Nubwo bibujijwe, umwanditsi aracyugera imbere. Yageze i Kiev. Yakoze inshingano z'umunyamakuru, wafashije munama. Nyuma yaje kuba inyuma yinyuma mu German, hanyuma aba umwe mu bagize itsinda rya Parsan.
Nyuma yo kujya mu bwenge mu 1941, umwanditsi, hamwe n'abasirikare benshi, yari mu gico hafi ya gari ya moshi. Amaze kubona uwo bahanganye, Gaidar yashoboye kuburira ibye, avuza induru ati: "Basore, Abadage, Abadage!" Iyi nteruro yarokoye ubuzima kubandi bagize amafiritani, ariko yayoboye urupfu rwa Arkady Petrovich.
Ariko, hariho indi verisiyo yibyabaye, ukurikije ibyo umwanditsi atapfiriye ku ya 26 Ukwakira. Umunyamakuru wo muri Ukraine Viktor Glushchenko, afashe iperereza rye bwite, yamenye ko Gaidar na bagenzi bake barindiniye umugore wa Christina Kuzmeko. Amaze kubaho kuva muri Christina kugira ngo abeho, abarwanyi barubyariye berekeza imbere, ariko barafashwe. Nyuma, Abasabana bashoboye kwiruka. Bihishe mu ishyamba, kandi nari ngiye kubona Ulyana Dobko. Aya makuru ntiyari ahagije kugirango asubiremo amateka y'urupfu rwa Gaidar. Ikindi kintu nacyo kirakeka - imiterere ya ofisiye hamwe na kimwe cya kabiri cy'iminsi yari ku mubiri, kidahuye n'inkuru y'abaforoni.
Muri iki gihe, izina rya Gaiday Gaidar ryitwa imihanda, ishusho yacyo ikoreshwa mu muziki n'ibitabo, kandi i Khabarovsk ni kwibuka kwibuka umwanditsi.
Ibintu byamatsiko
Imyaka irenga 70 irashize urupfu rw'umwanditsi. Icyakora, abashakashatsi baracyavuga ko amateka yayo y'ubuzima.
Amakuru ashimishije yerekeye Arcadia Gaidar:
- Umwanditsi yuzuza urwego rw'ingabo zitukura afite imyaka 15.
- Umuhanga mu by'amateka Andrei Burovsky ayoboye ubundi buryo bwo kwiyandikisha bwa Golikov mu rwego rw'ingabo zitukura. Kubera iyo ngabo za mutsdody yanditse umubyeyi kugira ngo akize kwihorera kubera ubwicanyi (cyangwa ubwicanyi) wagize umuhungu we. GAIDAR, mu gihe cyo gufatwa n'ubusazi, yigeze kwemererwa ko yica mu myaka y'ubusore yagize ati: "Abantu banyishe mu bwana ..."
- Inkuru yumwanditsi wihehire nayo irashimishije. Dukurikije imwe muri verisiyo, Gaidar yahinduye kuva muri Turukiya nka "bulletin", "rider rwateye imbere". Iyindi nkomoko ivuga ko kwihimbaza ari nk'interuro "arkudy argady golikov". Inyandiko ya gatatu ivuga ko ihimbe ikomoka mu ijambo rya Khakass "Haidar", risobanura "aho". Mu gihe cya serivisi i Khakassia, baho basakuza bati: "Heydar-Golik aragenda!".
- Hariho igitekerezo cyiba inyuma yijwi ryamabuye muri Kanev (umujyi mukarere ka Cherkasy) ntabwo ari Inkudar Gaidar. By'umwihariko, hashize imyaka mike gushyingurwa, Ishyinwa ryatanze. Yasimbuwe n'indi mishya, ariko nanone yaracitse.
- Hano hari verisiyo yibirure (umuhungu wa lii solomarian) ni umwanditsi ntabwo ari kavukire, ariko umuhungu urera. Bwa mbere, umwanditsi yabonye Timer gusa muri Bienniyumu gusa, kandi mugihe cyera cyera (Mata 1926) Gaidar yari muri Aziya yo hagati. Rero, birashoboka ko umwanditsi adafite urubyaro rwamaraso.
Bibliografiya
Ibikorwa bizwi cyane bya Golikov:
- "Igikombe cy'Ubururu" (1936);
- "Titur n'Ikipe ye" (1940),
- "Iherezo ry'ingoma" (1938),
- "Ishuri" (1930);
- "RVs" (1925);
- "Dand ya kane".