Biography
Arkady Golikov (Gaidar) murume wevana, mutori wechikamu muhondo yevagari vemo uye iyo punisher yeanti-soviet pasi pevhu. Golikov ndomumwe wehukama hunopokana munhoroondo yeSoviet. Ndiani iye kuti: Mhondi yehurumende, chidhakwa chidhakwa, kana kuti munyori wemwana ane tarenda?Huhu
Arkady Petrovich akaoneka pane Chiedza 9 (22) yaJanuary 1904 mutaundi reLgovch, ripi muKursk Province. Maererano nemutsara wemberi, munyori aive munhu anokudzwa (uyezve, amai vaStalia vaive muukama naMikhail lermontov), pane baba-mazita emugove weSerf.
Gare gare, mhuri iyi yakatamira kuguta reArazamas. Arkady yaive dangwe, uye munzvimbo yake nyowani yaakava nehanzvadzi nhatu - Natasha, Katya naOlya. Vanotsvagurudza vanopotsa kuti tarenda yakamuka mumunyori kunyangwe mumakore ekutanga: Akadzidza kunyora uye kutaura rwiyo rwekutanga pane kunyora uye kuverenga.
Pazera ramakore gumi, mukomana anotarwa muArzamas chaiyo chikoro. Pano, iyo yechidiki yekurovedza muviri yakaedza kutizira kumberi, apo baba vakambotorwa, asi mukomana akadzoserwa kumba kwake. Akadzidza muchikoro, Arkady Vadzidzisi Vangariro Dzake Zvakanakisa - Aizoyeuka mabhuku ese uye zvinyorwa zvinyorwa.
Basa reMauto
Mushure mekudonha kwemhuri yeumambo, mapato mazhinji nemakomendi emamwe emudzidzi vakaonekwa muArzamas. Muzhizha ra1917, Golikov akagamuchira hofisi yekufona, uye muna 1918 akabatana neBolshevik squad. Pakutanga, Bolshevek vakatora jaya riri muRCP (B) Semunhu mumiriri, uye nhengo yakazara yeiyo Golikov yakave nhengo yakazara yebato iri muna Zvita 15, 1918. Pakutanga, akashanda semushambadzi, akazotungamira department rekuchengetedza njanji.
Jaya racho raigara richikumbirwa kumberi, asi mukuru wacho akasimbirira kuti murume wacho akatanga kudzidziswa Profile. Saka zvakaitika - Golikov akaenda kuimba yemapoka eMoscow eboka rehondo tsvuku. Gare gare, nzvimbo yacho yakatenderwa kuUkraine, muKiev. Kamwe muKiev, Arkady yakarwiwa nemapapiro uye vapanduki vacho veUkraine.
Muna 1919, Golikov akatanga akazova mukuru, muna 1920 - mishonga yehutachiona. Pazera ramakore gumi nematanhatu, aiziva nezvemuchauto kupfuura vazhinji vemutungamiriri. Muna 1921 akagamuchira musoro weMutungamiriri wekuparadzaniswa kweboka. Golikov akarwa pane akasiyana matanda (muSchi, pane don, muCaucasian kumberi), kwaakange awira typhoid, akakuvara uye akapfupika kaviri. Muna 1922, yakatumirwa kundodzvinyirira anti-Soviet kumukira muKhakassaa. Heino mukuru wechidiki uye akazviratidza semudzvinyiriri weropa, maJuda asina kujairika uye pfuti yevagari vachifungidzirwa.
Sekureva kwevanyori venhoroondo, Gaidar vakasangana nevakadzi nevana kubva padombo uye vakauraya chero munhu anozofungidzira mabasa okunamata-soviet. Muna 1922 akapomerwa mhosva yekushandisa masimba epamutemo. Gaidar akanyima zvavakatangira uye akasiyiwa kubva mubato, achitumira kune yekuongorora kwepfungwa. Chikonzero chekuongororwa kwe "kushungurudzika neurosis" kwapera.
Zvisikwa
Arkady Petrovich yakadzoka kubva kumberi kusvika kune pfupi doro nedoro rakareruka psyche.
"Kubva muchikepe kuenda kuBora" - Aya ndiwo maitiro anoita vanyori venhoroondo zviitiko zveGolikov, izvo zvakatanga nekukurumidza mushure mekupera kwebasa remauto. Arkady yakatora manyoro ake ekutanga "mumazuva ekukunda uye kukunda" uye akauya nayo muRearlingrarrad almanac "bucch". Ndiine mazwi: "Ini ndiri ArkhaDy Golikov, uye iyi ndiyo bhuku rangu uye ini ndinomukumbira kuti amudanise", munyori akapa manyorerwo emakabhuku emakona anoverengeka. Uye basa rakadhindwa.
Ipapo munyori akatamira kune perm, uko muNegazini "nyeredzi" yake yekutanga basa rakakura ("imba yekona") yakabudiswa.
Mumakore akazotevera, anoburitsa zvinyorwa uye fakechens. Mukuvhiringidzwa pakati pekushushikana kweNetariro uye mafambiro, anonyora mabhuku awo akanaka: "RVs", "chikoro" uye "Chechina bofu". Nguva dzinoverengeka, ArkRovich Petrovich anotora vanachiremba nekurwiswa kwechena kupisa, gare gare akasungwa nekuda kwekupfura muchimiro chakadhakwa.
Tevere kunotevera kuedza kushoma kwekuzviuraya - munyori ari kuyedza kucheka mutsinga. Boris Zaks - mutori venhabvu, akapokana kuti maoko ake akafukidzwa nemavanga makuru, uye neArkady Vienna anocheka kanopfuura kamwe. Muna 1932, Golikov akapinda muchipatara chepfungwa, kwaakanyora "chakavanzika chemauto." Zvakare, maererano nevimbiso dzeGiidar pachake, aive mune zvipuka zvepfungwa 8-10.
Muna 1938, kubwinya kwese kwakauya kumunyori wevana - nyika yaive yakawirirana nemabhuku uye nezvenhau dzake, ndakarangarira "Timur neboka rake", CHUKI naGeeka ". Munyori wacho akatora mwanakomana waTimur uye mwanasikana anogamuchira muZhenya muCrenta muKereta uye kwechinguva akanganwa nezvematambudziko epfungwa.
Muna Kurume 1941, Arkady Petrovich, kuzorora muSanatorium "SOKolniki", akasangana nemufaro wekosmodemyanskaya. Hondo yakati yatanga, Gaidar ichangotambira oda yekunyora filceneuria pabasa reTimur nechikwata chake. Script yakapera mukati memazuva gumi nemaviri, mushure mekunge aratirway akanyora chikumbiro kumberi.
Hupenyu Hwako
Munyori wehupenyu hwake akange akaroora katatu:
Maria Nikolaevna Plaksina akava mukadzi wekutanga wemunyori - mukoti ane makore gumi nematanhatu. Iye munyori pachawo panguva yekuroora aive nemakore gumi nematanhatu. Mukadzi wekutanga akapa Gaidar mwanakomana kuna Zhuta, asi dangwe rakafa mukucheya.
Mukadzi wechipiri weGorikova aive neLiiya ine makore 17 Lazarevna Solomyanskaya - mutsigiri wesangano rekupayona uye kuronga kwepepanhau rekuti "ant-winner". Muna 1926, mwanakomana waTimurur akaberekerwa mumurume kana mukadzi. Nekudaro, zvakange zvakaomera kurarama nemunyori, zvakapedza doro uye akatambura nekufungidzirwa kwepfungwa. Muna 1931, mukadzi wake Leia akatora mwanakomana wake uye akasiya murume wake kusvika kuna Samsoni Glau er (mutori wenhamba "komsomoleskaya pravda").
Kerochitatu ,ne munyori akazvisanganisawo nemhemberero dzemuwanano nemuchato anodhura. Zvakaitika muna 1938. Somukadzi akura, Dora akange atove nemwanasikana waEugene, izvo zvakazoitika zvakashata.
Makore apfuura uye kufa
Pasinei nekurambadzwa, munyori akaramba achisvika kumberi. Akasvika muKiev. Akaita mabasa eanonyorerana, akabatsira nezano. Gare gare yakatanga kunge iri kumashure muGerman, ndokuzova nhengo yeparisan yePartisan.
Mushure mekuenda kungwara muna 1941, munyori, pamwe chete nevafundisi vakati wandei, vaive vavandandira pedyo nejira renjanji. Sezvo awana anopikisa, Gaidar akakwanisa kuyambira zvake, achishevedzera kuti: "Guys, maGerman!" Mutsara uyu wakaponesa hupenyu hwevamwe vaparidzi, asi vakatungamira rufu rweArkady Petrovich.
Nekudaro, pane imwe vhezheni yezviitiko, maererano nezvakafirwa nemunyori paAenzi 26. Ukraine mutori wenhau Viktor Glushchenko, akabata kuongorora kwake pachavo, akaziva kuti Giidar uye vashoma maPartina Kuchina Kuzmmenko mukadzi waChremmenko. Sezvo airarama kubva kuna Christina kuti arwe, varwi vakaenda kumberi, asi vakabata. Gare gare, vaparidzi vakakwanisa kumhanya. Ivo vakahwanda mudondo, uye ini ndanga ndichienda kune imwe Ulyana dobrrenko. Iyi data yakanga isina kukwana kudzokorora nhoroondo yekufa kweGiidar. Chimwezve chokwadi chakanonoka - chimiro chepabhi uye hafu-ine mapapiro lingerie yaive pamuviri, izvo zvisingaenderani nenyaya yezvikamu zvePartisans.
Nhasi, zita reArkady Gaidar rinotumidzwa mazita emigwagwa, mufananidzo wayo unoshandiswa mumimhanzi nemabhuku, uye muKhabarovsk ndangariro dzeChirangaridzo.
Chokwadi chechokwadi
Anopfuura makore makumi manomwe apfuura kubva parufu rwemunyori. Nekudaro, vatsvagiri vachiri kupokana nezvenhoroondo yayo yehupenyu.
Chokwadi chinonakidza nezveArcadia Gaidar:
- Munyori akazadza huwandu hweboka dzvuku pazera ramakore gumi nemashanu.
- Iye munyori wenhoroondo Andrei Barovsky anotungamira imwe shanduro yeGolikev's kunyoresa mumauto ehondo dzvuku. Mukufunga kwake, muuto reArkady rakanyora amai kuti vachengetwe kubva pakudzoreredza kuponda (kana kuuraya) uyo akaita mwanakomana wake. Gaidar, panguva yekubatwa kwekupenga, kwakambobvumidzwa kuti akaponda kuponda mumakore oda vehudiki achiti: "Vanhu vakaurayiwa neni muhuduku ..."
- Iyo nyaya yemunyori wePseudominonym iri zvakare kuvaraidza. Sekureva kweimwe yendudzi, Gaidar rakashandurwa kubva kuTurkic se "Bulletin", "Yepamberi Mutasvi". Imwe nzvimbo inotaura kuti pseudonym yakafanana neshoko rekuti "Arkady Arkady Golikov". Iyo yechitatu vhezheni inoshuma kuti pseudominoms inosvika kubva kuKhakaass izwi "haidar", zvinoreva kuti "kupi". Munguva yebasa muKhakassia, munharaunda yakashevedzera kuti: "Heidar-Golik anoenda!".
- Pane mafungiro ekuti kuseri kweguva slave muKanev (guta riri muDunhu reCherkasy) harisi reARKADY GAIDR. Kunyanya, makore mashoma mushure mekuvigwa, chitofu chakapa kupenga. Akatsiviwa newatsva, asi iyewo akatsamwa.
- Iko kune vhezheni iyo Timr (mwanakomana waLiini Solomyan) imunyori haasi muNative, asi mwanakomana anokurudzira. Kekutanga, munyori akaona Timar chete paBiennium, uye panguva yekuzvishingisa kwake kwekutanga (Kubvumbi 1926) Gaidar aive pakati peAsia. Nekudaro, zvinokwanisika kuti munyori haana vazukuru veropa.
BHAIBHERI
Mabasa anozivikanwa kwazvo aGolikov:
- "Blue Cup" (1936);
- "Timur nechikwata chake" (1940),
- "Iyo Fate yeDrummer" (1938),
- "Chikoro" (1930);
- "RVs" (1925);
- "Chechina Dandy".