Oscar Wilde - biografiya, amafoto, ubuzima bwite, imirimo, ibitabo

Ubuzima

Ubwana bwaho ejo hazaza Essaika, Plawight hamwe numusizi mugihe cyanyuma cyigihe cya Oscar Mache O'flaerti Wills wabereye mu murwa mukuru wa Irilande, Dublin. Yavutse ku ya 16 Ukwakira 1854. Ababyeyi be bari bazwi mu ruziga rw'imiryango yo hejuru. Padiri William Wilde yishora mu buvuzi, urwego rw'ibikorwa bye by'umwuga byari bimwe mu masako.

Mu 1864 yahawe umutwe wa Knight. Nyina w'umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza Jane Francesca Wilge yarwaniye uburenganzira bwa Irilande kandi bugashyigikiraga cyane urujya n'uruza rw'impinduramatwara. Ababyeyi bombi bakundaga ibitabo: Se yanditse imirimo y'amateka n'imibyaro ya kera, na nyina - imivugo. Mu nzu y'icyaha, salon bari bateraniye, irihobara ry'intore z'umuco n'umuco ryitabiriwe.

Imyaka yo Kwiga

Oscar yari umwana wo hagati mumuryango. Mukuru we William yavutse imyaka ibiri mbere na Oscar, na mushiki we Isola - imyaka ibiri muto. Umukobwa yapfuye mumyaka icumi kuberako gutwika ubwonko. Abana babonye amashuri meza yo murugo. Bafite ubudage n'Ubufaransa. Ikigo cya mbere cyo kwigisha kubavandimwe cyari ishuri rya cyami rya Portor, wari mu mujyi muto, utari kure ya Dublin. Occar ntoya yatandukanijwe nimpano yo gusoma no kuvuga ubwenge. Mu gusoza ikigo cy'uburezi gifite imyaka 17, Wilde yakiriye umudari wa zahabu maze yoherejwe muri kaminuza y'Ubutatu.

Urukundo rwa Oscar rwatangiriye ku cyigisho cy'ishuri ku muco wa kera w'Abagereki rwateguwe muri kaminuza. Akora ubushakashatsi burambuye ku mateka ya kera, aestthetics, indimi za kera. Buhoro buhoro, ubumenyi bwose bwungutse indege itangira kuyishyira mubikorwa. Uburyo bwarwo, imyambaro, intego ya ellinism, gushidikanya, kwicwa-kwicwa - byose byari icyamamare mugihe kizaza, cyakozwe mugihe cyubumenyi bwungutse.

Nyuma yimyaka itatu, umunyeshuri usezeranya yoherejwe kuri Oxford, aho imiterere ya Oscar yindege irangiye nkinanga itagira inenge. Kimwe mu bipimo ngenderwaho ku musore bumaze kuba ishinga rya Halo Legendeness ya Halo hafi ya kamere ye. Ntiyigeze yihutira kurimbura amazi y'ibihuha n'ibihuha bireba izina rye.

Muri kaminuza ya Oxford, imyifatire yumwanditsi w'ejo hazaza irarangira. Indangagaciro z'umuco kuri Oscar ubu ntabwo ari igipimo cyonyine cyubwiza. Umwarimu wagize ingaruka ku isi hose ko John Reskin - Umwanditsi w'icyongereza na tekinikique. Yagize uruhare runini mu guteza imbere imitekerereze y'ubuvanganzo ya burundu.

Mu myaka yo kwiga, Oscar yabanje gukora urugendo mu Butaliyani no mu Bugereki. Ahumekewe n'ibitekerezo bishya bya gode yanditse kimwe mu bya mbere mu bisigo bye "Ravenna", igihembo cya kaminuza cyahawe.

Kurema

Ku myaka 24, indege yimutse gutura mu murwa mukuru w'Ubwongereza. Biba inshuro nyinshi salo ya Londres yitabwaho kumagambo asebanya kandi avuguruzanya hamwe nincumoko. Uburyohe ningeso za Wilde yategekaga imyambarire yabateze amatwi na baristoma. Bidatinze, urubyiruko rwinshi rwatangiye kugaragara, muri bose bagerageje kwigana ikigirwamana cyabo. Urwenya rw'abato rwa Irilande abafana be barasebye.

Mu myaka yambere yubuzima bwe bwubuvanganzo, Oscar Wilde yakoraga gusa ibisigo, rimwe na rimwe bitera inyandiko yeguriwe ibibazo bya aesthetike. Kuva mu 1882 kugeza 1883, umwanditsi ukiri muto yakoresheje mu mahanga, muri Amerika, aho yajyanye n'inyigisho ze ku buhanzi. Abanyamerika bari banyamerika kwari umusazi kubyerekeye igikundiro n'ubwenge bw'umwanditsi, Oscar yabonye ingabo nini z'abafana n'abayoboke.

Nyuma yo gusubira i Burayi, yahise ajya mu Bufaransa, aho yujuje ibara ry'ubuvanganzo bw'Abafaransa.

Gusubira mu gihugu cyabo kandi bumaze kubona umuryango, Oscar Wilde yitangiye kwandika imigani, ku iremye abana be bamuteye isoni. Ibi ni ibyegeranyo by '"igikomangoma cyiza" n "inzu ya pomegranate", imirimo izwi cyane yacyo ni "inyenyeri yo mu gitondo", "yiringa", "yihisha", "umurobyi n'ubugingo bwe". Muri iki gihe, Slava Wilde mu Bwongereza ageze hejuru.

Ingingo zabanyamakuru zacapishijwe mubitabo byiza byigihugu, wilde yiyitwara mu mirimo ya Evotor mu kinyamakuru "Isi y'Abagore". Umugani w'igitangaza Bernard Shaw aramusubiza neza mu kiganiro cye. London Dandy na Sococoteur batera ibyiyumvo bivuguruzanya kubaturage: Biturutse ku rwuhira, mbere yo kunengwa, bigaragarira mu bitero no gusohora amakarito ku mwanditsi. Ariko inkingi kuri aderesi ya Oscar ishimangira ububasha bwayo no gukundwa muri societe.

Ku myaka 33, Wilde yabanje kwandika imirimo yambere ikomeye. Guhera ku guhanga inkuru "Icyaha cya Nyagasani Arthur Sevil", "Sphinx nta gisakuzo", "Ikirangantego gitangira umurimo w'ingenzi wa Biography ye - Igitabo" Igitabo "Igishushanyo cya 1890 . Igitabo cyagaragaye ko mu gihe gisobanutse neza.

Nubwo ari ibitego byuburezi, umwanditsi yakurikiranye, igitabo cyagaragaye muri societe yo hejuru nk'umurimo w'ubusambanyi. Ariko abumva byoroshye barishimye. Nyuma yo gusiganwa bifitanye isano no gutangaza igitabo cyonyine, Oscar Wilde atangaza ikinamico "Salome", muri byinshi muri byinshi byagize ingaruka ku iterambere ry'ubuhanzi. Ikinamico kandi yakiriye isuzuma rivuguruzanya ry'ibitekerezo rusange kandi ntibyakuriye mu Bwongereza igihe kirekire.

Mu ntangiriro ya za 90, Oscar Wilde irema abadamu benshi ku matana, bahabwa kwigira umuntu ku makadiri ya London. Izi nizo zigira nk '"umufana w'umukecuru Winermir", "umugore ntabwo afite agaciro", "umugabo utunganye" na "ku buryo ari ngombwa kuba serieueuble." Muri bo, umukinyi wiyico yigaragaza nka master ibiganiro byubwenge. Ibintu byose byizeye mu ikinamico akoresha kwakira paradoxics.

Ubuzima Bwihariye

Oscar Wilde kuva mu rubyiruko yatandukanijwe no kwinezeza. Ibyo akunda bya mbere byari florry balcum, umukinnyi wa filime lilly langtri. Usanzwe akiri muto, umwanditsi abaye umushyitsi w'inzu ya metropolitan yo kwihanganira, icyo gihe yari ikunzwe n'abahagarariye bohemia. Ariko ku ya 27, Wilde yahuye na Lloydnce ya Lloyd, umukobwa w'umunyamategeko wa Irilande, nyuma yo mu gitabo cy'umwaka w'imyaka itatu, abaye umugore we. Bidatinze mu muryango wa Londres dand, ikirere abahungu bagaragara - abahungu ba Syryl na Vivian.

Nyuma yimyaka mike, gushyingiranwa hagati yabashakanye byatangiye kwitandukanya. Birashoboka ko icyateye iyi niyo ndwara ya Venereal yumwanditsi. Oscar Wilde atangira gutura utandukanye nuwo bashakanye nabana, hanyuma ahindura icyerekezo. Umwe mu bafatanyabikorwa be b'Abaherekeza ni Robert Ross, umunsi wose wakoraga nk'umunyamabanga bwite na mugenzi wawe w'umwanditsi.

Mu 1891, kumenyera byari abimenyereye, byagize uruhare ruteye ubwoba mubuzima bwumwanditsi. Umusore Marquis Alfred yaje kumusura, we na we wagaragaje ko yishimye yatangajwe no ku gitabo cy'utwa umwanditsi. Bidatinze, habaye ubucuti bukomeye hagati ya aestits ebyiri, zahindutse ishyaka.

Urukiko na Gereza

Abagabo bahagaritse guhisha umubano wabo, bakunze kwitaba hamwe mu mashyaka y'isi. Bosy Douglas, nk'izina rya Alfred, abo tuziranye, batunze ubwoko bwa criscissistique - byose byaganiriweho - Wese yagerageje kugengwa n'ubushake bwe. Oscar ntishobora kurwanya ibyifuzo byumusore kandi bihora bikaba. Kubera ko se Marquis Quinsberry bidatinze yahise amenya ibyerekeye isano Umwana we. Amakuru atangaje yashyigikiraga gutangira gukurikirana Ilde. Umuvuduko wanyuma wo kwihangana kwanditsi byari inyandiko ifunguye, yamumuriwe na Marquis, mugihe cyo gukusanya Club "Elbemar". Muri we, se wa Bosie yashinje Wilde muri Sodomy.

Oscar irambuye irega uwo bahanganye, ihinduka ikosa. Yateguye Marquis yerekana uburenganzira bw'icyaha cye. Nyuma yo kurangiza inzira, inama yo guhuza urukiko itangira, intego yacyo yari ikirego cya feri mu kuryamana kw'abahuje igitsina. Marquis yaratsinze uru rubanza, maze umwanditsi afungwa. Oscar Wilde yakiriye igihano ntarengwa kiri muri iyo myaka: imyaka ibiri ya platif. Benshi mu nshuti ze, barimo Bosi, baramuhindukiriye. Umugore hamwe hamwe nabana bavuye mu gihugu bahindura izina. Nyuma yimyaka mike yapfiriye mubutaliyani nyuma yo kubazwa.

Urupfu

Nyuma yo gusubira mu bwisanzure mu 1897, Ocar yahise ahita yihutiye kuva mu gihugu cye ajya i Paris. Muri iyi myaka atuye kubungabunga ko umugore we amutumaho kugurisha umutungo wose wumuryango wa wilde. Mu murwa mukuru w'Ubufaransa, yongeye gutangira guhura na Douglas, ariko umubano wabo urashira. Kugira izina rya Pseudonym, Obastian atangiye ibikorwa by'ubuvanganzo maze andika umurimo uzwi cyane w'imyaka yashize y'ubuzima bwe "."

Mu ntangiriro za 1900, Oscar ntarandura kuba kwandura bidasanzwe, bikaba, ducogora nuwasomeye umubiri, karakaze meningite. Gutwika ubwonko kandi byateje urupfu rw'umwanditsi ku ya 30 Ugushyingo muri uwo mwaka. Wilde yashyinguwe kuri imwe mu marimbi i Paris, na nyuma yimyaka icumi, imva ye yimuriwe ku irimbi rya penness and. Hariho urwibutso muburyo bwa sphinx umutwe wumwanditsi.

Ibintu bishimishije

• Nk'uko byatangajwe n'ibisubizo by'ikirere, byakorewe mu bateraniye mu bateranye umuyoboro w'ingabo zirwanira mu kirere, Oscar Wilde yamenyekanye nk'umuntu w'ubwenge cyane wabayeho mu Bwongereza.
• Abaroma "ifoto ya Donian Gray" yashushanyijeho cinema inshuro zirenga 25.
• Inzu y'abazimu za Tokiyo disneyland irimbishijwe ifoto yumusore wa Doriya, bahindura ishusho kumashusho yumusaza ubabaye.

• Gutembera muri Amerika, Oscar Wil Calge yashojenye ko ari umunyamerika ku nteruro ifise. Repolian ya mbere yo kuhangana: "Ubwiza bwa Amerika bumaze ..." byamuzaniye intsinzi. Oscar wilde yamuhagaritse kandi amenya ko yatsinzwe.
• Igitekerezo cya gereza cy'umwanditsi uzwi cyagize uruhare mu mategeko y'urukiko rw'Ubwongereza. Wailde yanditse mu nzu y'inzu ya gereza "yakiriwe kugira ngo yisuzume kandi akagira ingaruka ku buryo bwo kurushaho kugira ingaruka ku ifungwa ry'imfungwa.

Amagambo

• "Abantu beza bakora imitsi, babi - kubitekerezo."
• "Nkumufaransa umwe wubwenge wavuze ko abagore badutera imbaraga mubintu bikomeye, ariko iteka ryose babanjiriza kubarema."
• "Umusini ni umuntu uzi byose kandi ashima ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose."
• "Urukundo rutangirana ko umuntu arishuka, ariko arangiza ibyo ashuka."
• "Hariho ibyago bibiri gusa mubuzima: imwe - iyo utabonye icyo ushaka, kandi icya kabiri ni iyo ubonye."

Ibitabo

• "Ravenna" (1878)
• "Ubusitani Eros" (1881)
• "Duchess ya Paduankaya" (1883)
• "GHOTRAWILO GHOST" (1887)
• "Icyaha cy'Umwami Artur Savila" (1888)
• "" Igikomangoma cyiza "nindi migani yande" (1888)
• "Portrait ya Doriniya Gray" (1890)
• "Salome" (1891)
• "Inzu ya Pomegranate" (1891)
• "Umufana Lady Windermir" (1892)
• "Umugore udakwiye" (1893)
• Sphinx (1894)
• "Umugabo utunganye" (1895)
• Repit Repit ya Gereza "(1898)