Amateka y'inyuguti
Tom Sawyer ni nyiri kwigomeka, Fidget, Squad na Adventure nini, itura mu bitabo bine by'umwanditsi Mariko ya Mark Twain. Uwahoze ari Umunyamakuru yatsinze inzira yo kubabaza guhanga mbere yo kubona urupapuro rwifuzwa kukazi kandi, mubyukuri, intwari, wagenewe kuba nkunda abasomyi bato. Ibitekerezo byishimye byatumye umwanditsi azwiho izina risetsa nini na nyir'imbere. Ibitekerezo bidafite imipaka, imitwaro n'ibikorwa bibi - ubuzima bw'umuhungu ukomoka mu mujyi wa St. Petersburg buzagirira ishyari umwana uwo ari we wese.Amateka yo Kurema
Mark Twain yahaye abana ibitabo bine byagenze neza: "Amahirwe ya Tom Sawyer", "Amavugo ya Geclberry Finn", "Amahirwe ya Geclberry Finn", "Amahirwe ya Geclberry". Ikindi gicuruzwa cyitwa "Ubugambanyi bwa Tom Sawyer" umwanditsi ntabwo yari afite umwanya wo kurangiza.
Igitabo cya mbere cyavutse gifite ikibazo: TWAIN yatangiye mu 1872, arangiza gusa mu mpeshyi ya 1875. Ikintu cyamatsiko ni akazi numwanditsi kunshuro yambere mumiterere ye yo guhanga yanditse ku imashini yandika. Igitabo cyo kwihorera gishingiye ku bwana bw'umwanditsi, iyo mu isi yaremye, ryuzuyemo inzozi zikiramba no kugeraho, kwita ku buzima bw'abakuze ntibyacitse. Mark Twain yemeye ko, kimwe nintwari za Romanov, kuba umuhungu, yashakaga gushaka ubutunzi, yubaka ururebe, yituze ku kirwa kidatuwe.
Izina ry'imiterere n'umwanditsi ryatijwe mu rugendo rumenyereye Thomas, bazanwa muri Californiya. Ariko, prototypes yabaye abakunzi batatu bava mu bwana bwa kure, nyirabukira avuga ijambo ry'ibanze. Niyo mpamvu Protagonist yahindutse kumiterere itavugwaho rumwe.
Nanditse imyigaragambyo ntabwo cyane kubana nkababyeyi babo, bagerageza kugeza kuri mama na papa ko abana atari igisenge gihagije hejuru yumutwe n'imyambaro bihagije kumutwe n'imyambaro bihagije kumutwe n'imyambaro bihagije. Ugomba kugerageza kumva isi yubumaji yumwana, ntabwo ari ugusuzuma ibikorwa byayo gusa - igitekerezo cya "gikomeye" kiri inyuma ya buri gikorwa. Kandi mubyukuri, ururimi rworoshye, umubare munini wamatsiko kandi usekeje urwenya rwakoze ibitabo bifite abanyamadini bakuru bakuze.
Amatariki yo kwandika ibitabo byakurikiyeho - 1884, 1894 na 1896. Ibitabo byagerageje guhindura byibuze abanditsi icumi, ariko ubusobanuro bwa korni Chikovsky yamenyekanye nkigikorwa cyiza. Umwanditsi yerekanye umurimo w'abana b'Abasoviyeti mu 1929.
Ubuzima n'umugambi
Tom Sawyer atuye mu mujyi muto wa St. Petersburg, Leta ya Missouri ku nkombe z'umugezi wa Mississippi mu muryango wa nyirasenge - nyuma y'urupfu rwa Mama, apfa umuhungu. Iminsi iguruka mumashuri yishuri, irwana nimikino kumuhanda, kandi Tom atera ubucuti na Becom wa gaze ya Finn kandi akundana nubwiza - urungano rwa Becky. Muri rusange, ibintu byose ni nkingimbi isanzwe.
Imyifatire idasanzwe kugirango imiterere ya buri kibazo ahindukire mubintu byunguka. Rero, kwirengagiza uruzitiro umuhungu yategetse nyirasenge muburyo bwibihano biba ubucuruzi bwunguka. Tom hamwe no kwishima no kwinezeza bikora hamwe na brush nawe ushaka kugerageza umwana muto. Muri iki gihe, Sawyer yaziritse "imiterere" yose, yuzuza banki y'ingurube z'ubutunzi bwe bw'umumonasi ifite imipira y'ibirahuri, injangwe imwe n'imbeba.
Umunsi umwe, imico nyamukuru y'Abaroma yahuye n'umuhanda wa Finna, kandi impaka zatangiye hagati y'abahungu ku nsanganyamatsiko y'insanganyamatsiko yo kuvura imari. Geclberry yabwiye inzira nshya injangwe n'ikanguramba nijoro mu irimbi. Duhereye kuri, ibintu bishimishije byinshuti byatangiye.
Abahungu bahinduka abatangabuhamya ku bwicanyi mu irimbi, bahitamo kuba Abasura, muri rusange Joe Joe barwana na Joe joe barwana n'isonga bakajya mu rugendo rwo kujya mu kirwa cyegereye. Ku nshuti ndetse yashoboye kubona igituza na zahabu no guhindukirira abahungu bakize cyane mu mujyi.
Amavuko yinshuti akomeza mu gitabo gikurikira, aho GCOLBERRY FILN ije imbere. Tom afasha inshuti gukiza umugaragu wa Jim, gukingisha imbaraga zose. Kandi mu gitabo cya gatatu kiza kandi muri byose kuri ballon - urukurikirane rw'ibizamini ubategereje mu rugendo rwo muri Amerika, hejuru y'isukari n'inyanja ya Atalantika.
Mu bihe biri imbere, Saweri yari gusura Arkansas, aho, umuhungu yongeye kugira uruhare mu iperereza ku mucyo n'ubujura bwa diyama.
Gukingira
Imirimo Mark Twain yari inshuro nyinshi mubikorwa byinshi ku bayobozi bazwi. Bwa mbere, ibintu byabasore biga byimukiye muri firime William Taylor muri 1917. Ariko, ifoto ntiyatsinze. Ariko film ikurikira, irasa na John igishongo mu 1930, itanga abayobozi b'ubukode. Nyuma yimyaka 40, Abanyamerika basubiyemo intsinzi - Ishusho yumuziki yumuyobozi Don Taylor yatowe inshuro eshatu kuri Oscar na kabiri kuri nyakatsi ya zahabu. Uruhare nyamukuru rwavuye muri Johnny Wittatra.
Abafaransa bahisemo kwegera ibyago byumuhungu wumunyamerika bafite urugero, arirwo rukurikirane rwa Tom Gom Sawyer "(1968), ariko, muri mini-format. Mu bunini butuje, ibitambo bya roland byarahinduwe.
Mu gihugu cya Sovitzov, Abaroma banganya abanyarugomo ba Tweed nabo ntibitayeho. Dukurikije "Amahirwe ya Tom Sawyer", kaseti yumukara n'umweru yashizeho Lazar Frenkel na Gleb Zatvnitsky mu 1936. Ariko, film ya Stanislav Govorukhin "Amahirwe ya Tom Sawyer na Geclberry Finn", byagaragaye kuri firime y'Abasoviyeti mu 1981, batsindiye icyamamare. Ishusho ya Tom yagerageje kuri Fromari Fersor, n'inshuti ye Geclberry nibyazo bizaza Vladislav Gallekin, kuko uruhare rwabaye rugishobora gutwarwa.
Govorukhin yakusanyije kumurongo wabakinnyi bafite izina. Inyuguti z'igitabo cy'Abanyamerika cyakinnye EKaterina Vasilyeva (nyirasenge w'ikinyapo), Rolan bykov (Meff Potter). Uruhare rwa Tom - Bakki - yakoze umukobwa wa Andrei Mironovamariya Mironova. Abakozi ba firime bashyizwe mu mucyo: imiterere y'ibiremwa bya firime harimo Ukraine, Caucase, Abkhazia, no mu ruzi rwa Mississia, kandi mu ruzi rwa Mississipp, Dnipro yagaragaye.
Gusoma ububiko bushya bwibitabo bya Twain byashyikirijwe Urukiko rwabateze amatwi Himmin Huntgeburt. Muri "Tome Sakier" (2011), Louis Hofman (Tom) na Leon Sid (Geclberry) yahawe inshingano.
Producer Boris Shenfelder yavuze mu kiganiro:
"Igitekerezo cyo gukuraho filime yerekeye umukobwa wa Sawyer kaje aho ndi nyuma yo kureba" amaboko kure ya Mississippi "na" imigozi myiza ". Ntekereza kuri aya mashusho yombi, nahisemo gukuraho film nkaya nkana n'abakiri bato, ntizishora mu buryohe bukabije bw'abana kandi kizaba kitarangwamo igihe cyacu. "Igitekerezo cyaje guhinduka neza neza.
Inyandiko yanyuma ya ecran yubuvanganzo PABIL PAR TWeed Yabaye muri 2014. Filime "Tom Sawyer na Geclberry Finn" mu gicuruzwa gihuriweho n'Ubudage na Amerika bashyize Joe Kasstner. Umuhungu utuje urwaye ikina Joel Courtney.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Mu izina rya St. Petersburg bihisha umujyi ya Hannibal, aho Mark Twavukiye kandi arakura. Ibidukikije bya Tom Sawyer bifite prototypes nyayo. Kurugero, nyirasenge muri Polly "Shruit" kuva nyina wumwanditsi, na Becky - kuva kumukobwa wumuturanyi Laura Hawkins.
- Ikinamico y'abana bw'umusore ukiri muto mu 2005 shyira umuziki usebanya "Tom Sawyer". Umuziki namagambo yindirimbo kugirango imikorere yandikiye uwahimbye Victor Semenov, cyane cyane abaterankunga nkabagize "inyenyeri".
- Inzu y'amagorofa abiri yumuryango wa Hawkins iracyafite isuku kumuhanda wumujyi kavukire wumwanditsi. Abategetsi ba Hannibal bagiye gusana inyubako no gufungura inzu ndangamurage ya Becky Tatch. Hafi, ukurikije abakunzi ba nyirane babiri, bisaba "uruzitiro nyine, no mu gihembwe kiva mu muhanda, umusozi wa Carfiff uzamuka, aho abana basobanuye mu gitabo. Ubuvumo, umunsi umwe watakaye inyuma, nawo araboneka hafi yo gutura.
- Erekana ibitabo Mark Twain yakuye abahanzi batandukanye, ariko umurimo mwiza ufatwa n'amashusho ya Robert Ingpen.
Amagambo
"Bikunze kubaho ko ari nto urwo ruto rwo kwangwa, ni bwo bugoye kuyikuraho." "Ntibishobora kuba bibi kuruta umuswa ushaje. Ntabwo ariho hatavuga ati: "Imbwa ishaje ntizimenya." "- Ukora iki n'umugabane wawe, Tom?- Nzagura ingoma, saber cyane, karuvati itukura, igikinisho cya bulldog no kurongora.
- Uzarongora?
- Yego yego.
- Tom, wowe ... ntabwo uri mu bitekerezo byawe! "" Gusa ibyo birashimishije, biragoye kubona bihagije. "" Ikintu nyamukuru nukwizera. Niba wemera, ibintu byose bizaba byiza - ndetse byiza kuruta uko ushobora gutondekanya "." Birumvikana ko ari ngombwa, ikintu cyo hagati, mu gihe cya Itandukaniro riri hagati y'umuntu n'inzige ryari rigizwe nuko inzige zari umuswa. "" Abakobwa bafite ibyo ushobora kwiga byose kumuntu - nta gice. "