Amateka y'inyuguti
Don Quixote - Intwari yikimenyetso cya Miguel de sertwentes, inyota yo kwihatira isi. Impapuro z'igitabo zakurikiranye kwivuguruza. Mbega isi mubyukuri nuburyo imico nyamukuru ibona ari ibintu bitandukanye. Urukundo rwakinnye hamwe n'urwenya w'icyubahiro cya kera, kandi ibyifuzo bye ntacyo byari bimaze. Hagati aho, servantete y'Abaroma yagize ingaruka zikomeye ku iterambere ry'umuco w'isi.Amateka yo kurema imico
Spaniard Miguel de certentes yahisemo gusetsa ku buvanganzo bwa knight nyuma yo gusoma igitabo cy '"Interlue Roman". Birashimishije kubona ko imirimo yibanze ya serwengwe yanditswe muri gereza. Mu 1597, umwanditsi yaguye mu tubari aregwa yabuze amafaranga ya Leta.
Igikorwa cya Miguel de sertwentes igizwe nubunini bubiri. Iya mbere - "Chit Roma Hidalgo Don Quixote Laman" - ibisekuru bikurikira byitwa "igice cya kabiri cy'umwijima mwiza Don Quixete kuva LamanChi" yasohotse mu myaka icumi. Umwaka wo kwandika - 1615.
Umwanditsi Hernerigas yavuze ko Ikipe ya Espagne Gonzalo Himbenes de Cesada yakoraga prototype ishoboka Don Qasa. Uyu mugabo yagenze cyane maze aba umushakashatsi wa mbere wa Eldorado wo mu mayobera.
Ubuzima hamwe na Don Quixote
Ubuzima bw'intwari buzwi cyane ubuvanganzo bwitwikiriye Halo w'amayobera. Umwanditsi ubwe yanditse ko izina nyaryo ry'imiterere riguma gukeka gusa, ariko, birashoboka, uyigenderaho yitwa Alonso Khakhan. Nubwo bamwe bemeza ko izina rye rya Kihadi cyangwa Cesada.Izina ryiza cyane, nitwa gukoresha icyumweru. Imico yubuvanganzo yabaga mu mudugudu wa Laman. Umutungo ntiwatandukanye mubutunzi: Khakhana yari afite icumu ryumuryango, ingabo ya kera, Klyach nimbwa.
Umugabo wimyaka mirongo itanu yamaze iminsi nijoro yo gusoma ibitabo bya Knightly, mugihe atwaye ibintu insengero zitwari. Igihe kimwe, Kahahan yamenye ko atari atandukanye n'inyuguti z'impimbano, ubutwari n'ubutwari. Byongeye kandi, umusaza yararambiwe, kandi ubugingo bwasabye ibintu bitandukanye kandi bitangaje.
Urupapuro rwibitabo ukunda rwashakaga kuba umurwanyi uzerera. Yajyanye ibirwanisho bye isura iboneye kandi ahimba izina ry'ifarashi yizerwa - Rosinant. Umugabo yahaye izina ryinyamaswa idahwitse nta mpanuka. Izina ry'ifarashi rye ni ubwoko bw'ijambo: Rocin mu buhinduzi "Klyach", n'igice cya kabiri cy'ijambo - Ante - bisobanura "imbere, imbere."
Intwari ntiyari izi mbere, ko umugenzi agomba kubona umudamu wumutima, nuko umukunzi we yari umuntu wa AldonUa, umururumbakazi wakazi wakozwe na Dulcinea tibos. Noneho yagumye kubintu bito: Gushyira indi matiku murutonde rwa "KNIGLUST", ugomba kujya mumuhanda.
Niki utari mugihe cyimiterere gusa! Ibikorwa bye na fantasy sinzi imipaka. Kurugero, aho kuba umuyaga, IDULGO abona ibisimba binini kandi, kubera ko umwenda w'imyenda ari ugukiza isi, itera "ibihangange" ku rugamba.
Kubwamahirwe, Fornuna ntabwo yamye kumwenyura mu ntwari nkuru, wigeze gutakaza umutwe wukwezi keza. Kubwibyo, umukunzi wa Romanov yahisemo kwikuramo ibikorwa byumwaka umwe hamwe na Satellite Sandcho Pancoy yavuye mumujyi usuzuguritse ahinduka umwungeri.
Igitabo kirangiye, umugenzi yatangiye kunyerera, kandi mbere y'urupfu rwe, ibitekerezo bye byari bisobanutse: imico nyamukuru yangaga ibishya by'urukiko kandi yihitiyemo izina rishya - Alonso Kihano. Knight yakoze Isezerano kandi apfira mu mukristo, kuko nta murwa witandurwa utagiye.
Nubwo imico mibi, imico nyamukuru yabanziriza Abaroma itanga igitekerezo cyiza, kuko bigoye kudakunda umwana ukuze wahisemo ishusho ikira kandi idahwitse. Yakubise imitima ntabwo ari mu myambaro gusa, ahubwo yanabiganwa ubuvanganzo: Victor Hugo, Victor Hugo, Ivan Torgenev n'abandi bantu bazwi bagerageje gutanga intwari.
Abashakashatsi bazanye imitekerereze mishya y'abantu, ndetse n'igitekerezo cya filozofiya, cyitwa "Donosottias". Ibiranga nyamukuru byimiterere yabatezo byitirirwa Don Quixhot, ni ubusa kandi byiza.
Don Quixote mumuco
Igitabo cyahinduwe mu ndimi zose zu Burayi kandi zatangajwe kugeza ubu. Iyi ni iyakabiri mubyamamare byigitabo, itanga kuva muri Bibiliya. Uyu munsi, urashobora kugura akazi gakomeye mubitabo byose, hamwe no kurubuga rwa interineti, nka labyrint.
Abanditsi n'abafilozofe nabo bagejeje ijambo ku ishusho ya Efayina y'abacitse ku icumu. Kugeza mu binyejana bya XIX-XX byabaye igihe cyo kuvuka intwari, kuko igihugu cyinjiye mu bibazo by'isi.
Ihuriro rishimishije kuri igitabo cyari kirerekana "inzira ya Don Quixote" umwanditsi Asoriani. Mu 1905, Miguel de Unmanuno yanditse ati: "Ubuzima Don Quixote na Sancho." UNMUNO ntabwo yashakaga gutangaza inyandiko yamateka cyangwa ikomeye, kandi inyandiko ye yandikiwe ntabwo yasabye umutwe wa facess ya filozofiya. Iyi nyandiko iragerageza gukingura ibisobanuro byayo "Don Quixote", ikura mububasha bwa "Umubyeyi".
Filime ya mbere ishingiye ku gitabo cy'umwanditsi wa Espagne 1903. Uyu niwo murimo w'ubuyobozi uturutse mu Bufaransa Lustin Nong na Fernana Zekka. Filime Yambere yafashwe na Gaumont mu 1898 ntabwo yarinzwe.
Ikinyejana cya XX cyerekanaga ingabo nyinshi z'ingabo zisekuruka. Muri bo, bagenera ifoto ya George Wilhelm Pabsta 1933. Uruhare nyamukuru rwakinnye n'umuhanzi wa Fyodor w'Uburusiya Chaliapin. Mbere, yamaze kugerageza ishusho ya Don Quixote muri opera. Shalyapin, uko abashakashatsi, yavutse bafite uruhare mu ruhare, kubera ko ubuzima bwe bwose bwamaze mu kuzindukira isi.
Premiere ya Opera Jules yabaye mu 1910 muri Monte Carlo. Uwahimbye Igifaransa afite umubano w'inshuti na Fromari Shalywapin, nuko yandikira uruhare runini munsi ye.
Muri cinema y'Abasoviyeti, umurimo wa Geregori Korinsyva 1957 wigaragaje. Uruhare rwa Knight-Umugenzi yakoze Nikolai Cherkasov. Muri rusange, ibikorwa by'iyi firime byari "Zahabu" - Georgy Vicin, Yuri Tollauyev, Galina Volchek.
Gusobanura cyane cyane igitabo gisuzumwa "Don Quixote" oron Werds. Umunyamerika wa kera yatangiye akazi muri 1957 maze imyaka 15 akora amashusho. Ariko hessus ya Franco na Patrasi ya Irigon yararangiye. Basubiramo kurasa mu 1992. Firime yakiriwe ibitekerezo bivanze nabanenga.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Miguel Certwentes yateguye igitabo cye nka parodeli, kandi intwari ubwe Don Quixote yavumbuwe kugendera. Ariko filozofiya izwi cyane Perdrich Nietzsche yavuze ko ibisobanuro byashya ari bibi cyane mumateka yose yabantu.
- Umukinnyi na cinema umukinnyi work Vladimir Zellin yakiriye igihembo cy'Abasoviyeti kugira uruhare runini mu "mugabo wo muri Lamani".
- Ku ya 25 Kamena 1994, abari aho babonye ballet yitwa "Don Quixote, cyangwa ubusazi bwa Fantasy." Libretto yanditse Boris Efman.
- Nubwo igitabo cya Miguel de certwenwate cyabaye isi ibumbe, ibintu byumwanditsi byashoboraga kwitwaza gusa.
Amagambo
Ntukarakare niba uvuze ikintu kidashimishije. Baho muri ladu n'umutimanama wawe, kandi reka abantu bavuga ko batekereza. Uhambire ururimi ku muntu woroheje nacyo ntibishoboka, uburyo bwo gushakisha umurima w'irembo. "Noneho urashobora kubona umuntu udafite uburambe wo kwidagadura." - Ibi ni ibihangange. Niba kandi ufite ubwoba, hanyuma wirukane kandi usenge, hagati, nzarwana nabo kurwana nubutabera nutinda munsi yawe, reka ntibibe munsi ya ubukana bw'impano, ariko mu gitutu cy'impuhwe. Iyo abagore beza cyangwa abakobwa biyoroshya bahageze icyubahiro kandi bakemerera umunwa wabo mumabanga yabo yose, noneho bivuze ko bazanwa bikabije. Kureka -. mukobwa wa ubwibone no umwe ibyaha kuruta ko kubaho gusa ku rumuri Mube rugero mu kunywa eky'okuddamu abo umuntu anywa nirirwa, ntabwo kubika amabanga ntibisubireyo izasohoza amasezerano.Bibliografiya
- 1605 - "FIXDLME HIIXDOTE LAMAN"
- 1615 - "Igice cya kabiri cyumurwi wa Brilliant Don Quixte kuva Lamanchi"
Filmography
- 1903 - Don Quixote (Ubufaransa)
- 1909 - Don Quixote (USA)
- 1915 - Don Quixote (USA)
- 1923 - Don Quixote (Ubwongereza)
- 1933 - Don Quixote (Ubufaransa, Ubudage, Ubwongereza)
- 1947 - Don Quixote kuva Lamanchi (Espanye)
- 1957 - Don Quixote (USSR)
- 1961 - Don Quixote (Yugosilavia) (Cartoon)
- 1962 - Don Quixote (Finlande)
- 1964 - Dulcinea tobos (Ubufaransa, Espanye, Ubudage)
- 1972 - Umuntu ukomoka muri Lamani (Amerika, Ubutaliyani)
- 1973 - Don Quixote Ane (Espagne, Mexico)
- 1997 - Don Quixote aragaruka (Uburusiya, Buligariya)
- 1999 - Umunyururu Knight (Uburusiya, Jeworujiya)
- 2000 - Knight yanyuma (USA)