Ubuzima
Ubuzima bwa Franz Kafka ntabwo bwuzuye hamwe nibintu bikurura abanditsi b'ibisekuru. Umwanditsi ukomeye yabayeho neza kandi akagufi. Muri icyo gihe, Franz yari ishusho y'amabanga adasanzwe kandi y'amayobera, kandi ahimbye menshi muri uyu mutware w'ikaramu, umunezero w'abasomyi kugeza na n'ubu. Nubwo ibitabo bya Kafki ari umurage ukomeye w'ubuvanganzo, mubuzima umwanditsi ntabwo yahawe uburenganzira n'icyubahiro kandi atazi intsinzi nyayo.
Mbere gato y'urupfu rwe, Franz yatsindiye inshuti magara - umunyamakuru Max Brod - atwika intoki, ahubwo yatwikiriye mu bihe biri imbere buri jambo Kafki yakaba ari ab'ijambo rya zahabu, yumye ku bushake bwa nyuma bwa mugenzi we. Ndashimira Max Kurema Max, Franz yabonye umucyo kandi agira ingaruka zikomeye mubuvanganzo bwikinyejana cya 20. Imirimo ya Kafki, nka Labyrint, "Amerika", "Abamarayika ntibaguruka", "igihome", nibindi, basabwa gusoma mu bigo byisumbuye.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza yavuka imfura ku ya 3 Nyakanga 1883 mu kigo kinini gikomeye cy'ubukungu n'umuco cy'Ingoma z'imigabane mu bihugu byinshi muri Odarinational - umujyi wa Prague (ubu iki, Repubulika ya Ceki). Muri icyo gihe, ubwami bwatuwe n'Abayahudi, Ceki n'Abadage, barimo kubana, bityo mu mahoro, mu mijyi yategetse cyane kandi rimwe na rimwe barwanya Abayahudi. Kafku ntabwo yahangayikishijwe nibibazo bya politiki nubwenge bwabanyabwenge, ariko umwanditsi uzaza yatorewe kumutorwa kuruhande rwubuzima: Phenomenas hamwe na Xenofhobiya igaragara yasize ikimenyetso kumiterere ye nubwenge.
Ku byerekeye kandi kuranga ababyeyi ba Franz byagize ingaruka: kuba umwana, ntiyabonye ko akunda se kandi yumva umutwaro we mu nzu. Franz Ros arera muri kimwe cya kane cya Yozefu mu muryango uvuga ikidage inkomoko y'Abayahudi. Se w'umwanditsi - Herman Kafka - yari umucuruzi w'ikiganza cyo hagati, gucuruza imyenda agamije n'ibindi bicuruzwa bya Habertacher. Nyina w'umwanditsi Julia Kafka yabaye ubwoko nyabwo bw'inzoga nziza za Yakobo Levi kandi yari umusore wize cyane.
Nanone, Franz yari afite bashiki bacu batatu (barumuna babiri bapfuye mubana bato batageze hafi imyaka ibiri). Mu gihe umutware w'umuryango yazimiye mu iduka ry'igitambaro, maze Julia yitegereza abakobwa, umusore Kafka yahawe. Hanyuma, kugirango agabanye imyenda yimbuto yubuzima n'amabara meza, Franz yatangiye kubahiriza inkuru nto, ariko, ntabwo yari ashimishijwe numuntu. Umutware wumuryango yagize ingaruka kumirongo yubuvanganzo no kumiterere yumwanditsi w'ejo hazaza. Ugereranije n'umuntu wa metero ebyiri na we yari afite ijwi rya bass, Franz yumvise Plevem ye. Iyi myumvire yo hasi yumubiri yakurikiranye Kafku mubuzima bwe bwose.
Kafka-mukuru yabonye mu gusimbuza umurage w'ubucuruzi, ariko umuhungu ufunze, ufite isoni ntabwo yubahirije ibisabwa na Data. Herman yakoresheje uburyo bukaze. Mu nyandiko yanditse y'ababyeyi banditse, ntabwo yaje kuri Aderesi, Franz yibukije igihe cyashyizwe kuri balkoni ikonje kandi yijimye kubera kuba yabajije amazi. Ubu butucyaha bwabana bwateje akarengane mu mwanditsi:
"Nyuma yimyaka, nakomeje kubabazwa nigitekerezo kibabaza, nkumuntu munini, data, urugero rwa sawe, hafi nta mpamvu - nijoro, rushobora kunsanga, tukabifata kuri balkoni - bivuze Ko nabaye kuri we, "kwibuka Kafka yasanze.Kuva 1889 kugeza 1893, umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza yize mu mashuri abanza, yinjiye muri siporo. Nkumunyeshuri, umusore witabiriye ibikorwa byimirimo ya kaminuza kandi ategura ibitaramo. Nyuma yo kubona icyemezo cyo gukura, Franz yemeye kaminuza y'ishami ry'amashami ya Karlov. Mu 1906, Kafka yakiriye impamyabumenyi ya dogiteri. Umuyobozi w'imirimo ya siyansi y'umwanditsi yari umuhanga mu mibereho n'Ubukungu.
Ubuvanganzo
Franz Kafka yabonaga ibikorwa by'ubuvanganzo intego nyamukuru mu buzima, nubwo yafatwaga nk'umuyobozi wo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu biro by'Ubwishingizi. Kubera indwara, Kafka yasezeye mbere yigihe. Umwanditsi w'ibikorwa yari umukozi ukora cyane kandi yashimiwe cyane na shobuja, ariko Franz yangaga uyu mwanya kandi adahwitse yasubije abayobozi n'abayoborwa. Yanditse Kafka kuri we kandi yizeraga ko ubuvanga bugaragaza ko bubaho kandi bifasha kunyerera mu buko bukaze bwo kubaho. Franz ntiyihutiye gutangaza imirimo, kuko yumvaga akomeye.
Inyandiko ze zose zandikishijwe intoki zakusanyije neza Max Borld, uwo mwanditsi yahuye mu nama ya club y'abanyeshuri yeguriwe Nietzsche. Bard yashimangiye ko Kafka yacapwe inkuru ze, kandi amaherezo Umuremyi yitanze: mu 1913 Icyegeranyo "kivuga. Abakenguzamateka basubije kuri Kafka nk'abarongamutwe, ariko umutware wo kwivuza ikaramu ntiyanyuzwe n'ibihanga bye bwite, bifatwa nk'ikintu gikenewe cyo kubaho. Kandi mubuzima bwa Franz, abasomyi bamenyereye igice gito gusa mubikorwa bye: Ibitabo byinshi byingenzi na Kafki Inkuru zabonye urumuri nyuma y'urupfu rwe gusa.
Mu gatasi ko mu 1910, Kafka, hamwe n'umutungo, bajya i Paris. Ariko nyuma yiminsi 9, kubera ububabare bukabije mu nda, umwanditsi yavuye mu gihugu cya Csanna na Parmesi. Muri icyo gihe, Franz atangira igitabo cye cya mbere "kubura kubura", nyuma yahinduwe "Amerika". Byinshi mubikorwa byabo Kafka yanditse mu kidage. Niba waravuganye umwimerere, hafi ahantu hose ko hari ururimi rwumugisha udafite impinduramatwara hamwe nibindi byishimo byubuvanganzo. Ariko iyi Gray nubukode irahuzwa nibidasanzwe kandi bidasanzwe. Ibikorwa byinshi bya Shebuja biterwa no gutinya ubwoba imbere yisi no mu rukiko rukuru.
Iyi myumvire yo guhangayika no kwiheba yashyikirijwe abasomyi. Ariko nanone Franz yari umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze, mubyukuri, uyu muntu ufite impano yitonze yasobanuye ukuri kuri iyi si nta muti wamarangamutima, ariko hamwe na metaphont yo mu ntera itagereranywa. Birakwiye kwibuka inkuru "guhinduka", mu 2002, muri Evgeny yakuweho na Evgeny Mironov mu nshingano za.
Umugambi winkuru uzenguruka kuri Gregor, umusore usanzwe ukora nkumuryango kandi afasha mubukungu na mushiki we n'ababyeyi. Ariko birababaje: Gregor yahindutse udukoko dunini mugitondo. Ni yo mpamvu, Protagonist yabaye intumbero, bene wabo n'abavandimwe bahindukiriye: ntibitaye ku isi nziza y'imbere y'intwari, bahangayikishijwe no kugaragara biteye ubwoba ibiremwa biteye ubwoba kandi bidasobanutse neza (Kurugero, ntishobora kubona amafaranga bonyine mucyumba na scareta abashyitsi).
Ariko mugihe cyo gutegura igitabo (kitarasohozwa kubera kutumvikana nukwanditsi) Kafka yashyize ultimatum. Umwanditsi yashimangiye ko nta ngero zihari ku gifuniko cy'igitabo. Kuva hano hari ibisobanuro byinshi byiyi nkuru - bivuye mu bwigumba bwumubiri kubantu. Byongeye kandi, ibyabaye kuri metamorphose ya Kafka, bakurikiza uburyo bwabwo, ntibigaragaza, ariko bishyira abasomyi imbere yukuri.
Umuroma "inzira" niyindi mirimo ikomeye yumwanditsi, yatangajwe nyuma. Birashimishije kubona ko iki kiremwa cyaremewe muri iki gihe umwanditsi yishora mu gusezerana na Bauer ba Felicia kandi bumva ko ari ushinjwa, uwo wese akwiye. Kandi ikiganiro cyanyuma na mukundwa na mushiki we Franz ugereranije n'Urukiko. Iki gicuruzwa gifite inkuru zidahari zirashobora gufatwa nkuzuye.
Mubyukuri, ubanza Kafka yakoraga kumuboko wandikishijwe intoki yinjira mu bice bigufi byumurimo mu ikaye, byanditswe hamwe nizindi nkuru. Kuva muri iki gitabo, Franz yakunze gukuramo impapuro, bityo rero ntibyashobokaga kugarura amabuye y'agaciro. Byongeye kandi, mu 1914, Kafka yemeye ko yasuwe n'ibibazo byo guhanga, akazi rero ku gitabo cyahagaritswe. Intwari nyamukuru yimikorere - Josef K. (Birashimishije ko aho kuba izina ryuzuye, umwanditsi atanga intwari ze intangiriro) - akanguka mugitondo amenya ko yatawe muri yombi. Ariko, impamvu nyayo yo gufungwa ntizwi, iki kintu cyanditswe n'intwari ku mibabaro n'ifu.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Franz Kafka yavugije mbere gato. Kurugero, mbere yo kuva muri kaminuza, umwanditsi ukiri muto yashoboraga guhagarara imbere yindorerwamo amasaha menshi, asuzuma byimazeyo isura no guhuza umusatsi. Kugira ngo "bidasuzugurwa no kurakara", uhora atekereza ko igikona cyera, yambaye inzira iheruka. Abayo mugihe Kafka yashakaga kuvuga umuntu wishimye, ufite ubwenge kandi utuje. Bizwi kandi ko ubuzima bworoshye kandi ari umwanditsi unanutse yisunitse muburyo kandi akaba umunyeshuri, yakundaga siporo.
Ariko sinigeze mbona umubano n'abagore, nubwo Kafka atambuwe kwitabwaho n'abadamu beza. Ikigaragara ni uko umwanditsi igihe kirekire yagumye mubujiji ugereranije nabakobwa, kugeza igihe azagera muri silk kugera muri silk "lupanarium" yaho - kimwe cya kane cya lantens itukura. Kureba mu byishimo bya kamere, Franz mu mwanya wa mudasobwa igendanwa yabayeho gusa.
Umwanditsi yubahirije umurongo w'imyitwarire ya Apple na, nka Gogol, yirukaga munsi y'ikamba, nkaho gutinya umubano ukomeye ninshingano zumuryango. Kurugero, hamwe na Freulein Felicia Bauer Mess Hoather yamennye ko yinjiye kabiri. Kafka yakunze kuvuga uyu mukobwa mumabaruwa ye na diari, ariko ishusho igaragara mumutwe wabasomyi, ntabwo ihuye nukuri. Mubindi bintu, umwanditsi uzwi yari afite umubano wa Amur numunyamakuru numusemuzi Mylena Esenskaya.
Urupfu
Kafki yaciriyeho kubabazwa n'indwara zidakira, ariko ntibiramenyekana niba ari psychosombatike. Franz yarwaye inzitizi mu mara, kubabara umutwe no kubura ibitotsi. Ariko umwanditsi ntiyamuhaye amaboko, ariko agerageza guhangana n'indwara abifashijwemo n'ubuzima bwiza: Kafka yubahirije indyo yuzuye, yagerageje kudakoresha inyama, yakoraga siporo kandi akagira amata yuzuye. Ariko, kugerageza kuzana imiterere yumubiri kubigaragara ni ubusa.
Muri Kanama 1917, abaganga basuzumye i Franz Kafki indwara iteye ubwoba - igituntu. Mu 1923, shebuja w'ibaba yavuye mu gihugu cye (yagiye muri Berlin) hamwe na diyama runaka kandi yashakaga kwibanda ku nyandiko. Ariko icyo gihe, ubuzima bwa Kafki bwari bwongereweho gusa: ububabare mu muhogo bwagiye bwihanganirwa, kandi umwanditsi ntiyashoboraga gufata ibiryo. Mu ci ryo mu 1924, Umwanditsi mukuru w'imirimo yapfiriye mu bitaro.
Birashoboka ko umunaniro ari cyo nyirabayazana w'urupfu. Imva ya Franz iherereye ku irimbi rishya ry'Abayahudi: Umurambo wa Kafka watwarwa mu Budage i Prague. Kwibuka umwanditsi, ntabwo ari imashini itwara amajwi, inzibutso zashyizweho (urugero, umutwe wa Franz Kafka), maze inzu ndangamurage yubatswe. Kandi, guhanga Kafka byagize ingaruka zifatika kubanditsi b'imyaka iri imbere.
Amagambo
- Ndandika ukundi nukuvuga, ndavuga ukundi, ibyo ntekereza, ntekereza ukundi, ni iki kigomba gutekereza, kandi ku bujyakuzimu bwijimye.
- Sobanukirwa n'umuturanyi biroroshye cyane niba ntacyo uzi kuri we. Umutimanama Noneho ntubabaza ...
- Nkuko bidashoboka kuba bibi, byabaye byiza.
- Nsigira ibitabo byanjye. Ibyo aribyo byose mfite.
- Ifishi ntabwo yerekana ibirimo, ariko gusambo, irembo ninzira igana kubirimo. Bizatera igikorwa - noneho gahunda yinyuma yihishe izakingura.
Bibliografiya
- 1912 - "Icyemezo"
- 1912 - "Guhindura"
- 1913 - "Gutekereza"
- 1914 - "Muri koloni yakosowe"
- 1915 - "inzira"
- 1915 - "CARAS"
- 1916 - "Amerika"
- 1919 - "Umuganga wo mucyaro"
- 1922 - "Ikigo"
- 1924 - "Horodar"