Biography
I-biography kaFranz Kanka ayizalinga ngeminyhadala etsala umdla wababhali besi sizukulwana sangoku. Umbhali omkhulu waphila ubomi obungathandekiyo nobomi obufutshane. Kwangelo xesha, uFranz wayengumzobo wezinto ezingaqhelekanga nezingaqondakaliyo, kwaye iimfihlakalo ezininzi ziboniswe kule nkosi yepeni, imincili yeengqondo zabafundi unanamhla. Nangona iincwadi zaseKoki lilifa elininzi loncwadi, ebomini umbhali akazange afumane ukwamkelwa nangozuko kwaye engazange ayazi ukuba yintoni uloyiso.
Kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba asweleke, uFranz wafumana umhlobo olungileyo - intatheli iMax brod - yitshitshise i-mascript, kodwa iFerrod, yazi ukuba kuya kubakho intando yeBhukuleka. Enkosi kumaXeaX, uFranz wabona ukukhanya kwaye waba nefuthe elibi kuncwadi lwenkulungwane yama-20. Imisebenzi yaseKafani, njenge-labyrinth, i-America "," iingelosi azibhabhathi "," nqaba ", ziyafuneka ukuba zifunde kumaziko aphezulu emfundo.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umbhali wexesha elizayo wazalwa amazibulo nge-3 kaJulayi, nge-1883 kwiZiko elikhulu lezoQoqsho nezeNkcubeko i-Aundari yase-Aundro-Hungarian Hunter - iSixeko sasePrague (ngoku i-Czech Republic). Ngelo xesha, ubukhosi babumihlali ngamaYuda, i-czechs kunye namaJamani, abahlala ecaleni, bengazange bakwazi ukwenza omnye komnye, ngamanye amaxesha e-Anti-Semitic phenomena ahamba. I-Kafku ayizange ikhathazeke imicimbi yezopolitiko neepateni zendlela, kodwa umbhali wexesha elizayo waziva enyuliwe kwicala lobomi: i-phenomena yentlalo kunye ne-phenomena yentlalo kunye ne-xenophobia evelayo ishiye uphawu kumlingiswa wakhe kunye nokwazi.
Kwakhona wabakhathaza abazali bakaFranz wabaphembelela abazali: Ukuba ngumntwana, akazange athande utata wakhe kwaye ave umthwalo wakhe endlwini. UFranz Ros waza wenyuka kwikota encinci kaJosefu kwintsapho ethetha isiJamani yemvelaphi yamaYuda. Utata wombhali-uHerman Kafani-yayingumthengisi wesandla esiphakathi, iimpahla ezithengiswayo zentengiso kunye nezinye iimpahla zehaberdedashery. Umama wombhali uJulia Kosaka wenzeka kuhlobo oluhle lobuqhelizekayo ochumileyo uJeawe kwaye wayenenekazi elincinci elifundisiweyo.
UFranz wayenoodade abathathu (abazalwana ababini abancinci babhubha ebusaneni bancinci ngaphandle kokufikelela kwiminyaka emibini). Ngelixa iNtloko yentsapho yanyamalala kwivenkile yelaphu, kwaye uJulia wabukela amantombazana, iKayika incinci inikwa yena. Ke, ukuze kukhanyise ilinen egrey enemibala eqaqambileyo, uFranz waqala ukwenza amabali amancinci, nangona kunjalo, akazange abe nomdla namnye. Intloko yosapho yaphembelela ukusekwa kwemigca yoncwadi kunye nobume bombhali wexesha elizayo. Xa kuthelekiswa nendoda enamateyimitha ezimbini eyayinelizwi le-bass, uFranz waliva inkosana yakhe. Le mvakalelo yokungaphantsi komzimba isukela emva ebomini bakhe bonke.
I-Kofka-ephezulu yangena kwi-Hother yeHirrha yeShishini, kodwa inkwenkwe evaliweyo, inkwenkwe eneentloni yayingathobelanga iimfuno zikatata. I-Herman isebenzise iindlela zemfundo ezinzima. Kumbhalo obhaliweyo wabazali, ongazange weza kwi-adressee, uFranz wakhumbula ukuba ubusuku bubekwe njani kwi-balcony ebandayo nemnyama ngenxa yokuba wabuza amanzi. Olu lusizi lwabantwana lubangele ukungabikho kokusesikweni kumbhali:
"Emva kweminyaka, ndandivandezeleka kwimbono ebuhlungu, njengendoda enkulu, utata, phantse ngaphandle kwesizathu, ndingenise i-balcony - oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba bendiyinto kuye, "iinkumbulo zekafka zinikwe.Ukususela ngo-1889 ukuya kwi-1893, umbhali wexesha elizayo wafunda kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi, emva koko wangena kwiGysisium. Njengomfundi, umfana oselula wathatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yaseyunivesithi yama-Amateur kwaye wenza i-themical imisebenzi ecwangcisiweyo. Emva kokufumana isatifikethi sokuvuthwa, uFranz wasamkela iYunivesithi ye-sundolt ye-faculty ye-Karlov. Ngo-1906, kofka wafumana isidanga sogqirha. Intloko yomsebenzi wesayensi wombhali yayiyeyona ngcali yezentlalo yaseJamani kunye nezoqoqosho.
Uncwadi
UFranz Konka wathathelwa ingqalelo imisebenzi yoncwadi Eyona njongo iphambili ebomini, nangona wayethathwa njengegosa eliphezulu kwi-inshurensi. Ngenxa yesi sifo, uKofka umhlala phantsi ngaphambi kwexesha. Umbhali wenkqubo yayingumsebenzi osebenza nzima kwaye waxatyiswa kakhulu ngumphathi, kodwa uFranz wasithiyile esi sikhundla kwaye engaguqukiyo ephendule ngeenkokeli kunye nabaphantsi. Ubhale uKangwa yeka ngokwakhe kwaye ekholelwa ukuba iincwadi zithethelela ubukho bakhe kwaye ziyanceda ekutyibilikeni kwezinto ezinzima. UFranz akazange akhawuleze apapashe imisebenzi, kuba wayeziva engqalethi.
Yonke imibhalo yakhe yesandla ngocoselelo ngocoselelo ngocoselelo i-max ibar, umbhali edibana naye kwintlanganiso yeklabhu yomfundi enikezelwe kwi-Nietzsche. I-KAFS inyanzelise ukuba uKatyika aprintwe amabali akhe, kwaye ekugqibeleni uMdali anikezelwa: ngo-1913 ukuqokelela "ukucamngca" kuphuma. Abagxeki baphendule ngekafka njenge-inclovator, kodwa inkosi engathandekiyo yepeni yayingonelisekanga bubuchule bayo, obujongwa njengento eyimfuneko yokuba. Ngexesha lobomi boFranz, abafundi baqhelana kuphela nenxalenye encinci yomsebenzi wakhe: iinoveli ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kunye namabali ka-Kafaniy wabona ukukhanya kuphela emva kokuba efile.
Ekwindla ye-1910, uKonka, kunye neBrod, baya eParis. Kodwa emva kweentsuku ezili-9, ngenxa yentlungu ebukhali esiswini, umbhali washiya ilizwe likaCesanna kunye neParansan. Ngelo xesha, iFranz iqala inoveli yakhe yokuqala "ilahlekile ilahlekile", eyathi yabizwa ngokuba ngu "Melika". Uninzi lwendalo yabo uKafa ubhalwe ngesiJamani. Ukuba uqhagamshelana nezokuqala, phantse kuyo yonke indawo kukho ulwimi oluzisikelela ngaphandle kolwimi oluqinisekileyo kunye nolunye uncwadi loncwadi. Kodwa le ngwevu kunye nentlekele idityaniswa kunye nokungaqhelekanga nokungaqhelekanga. Uninzi lwemisebenzi ye-Master ifakwe kwi-crust ukuya kwi-crust yoyika phambi kwehlabathi elingaphandle kunye neyona nkundla iphakamileyo.
Le mvakalelo yoxinzelelo kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba kudluliselwa kumfundi. Kodwa kwakhona uFranz wayengugqirha wezengqondo ocacileyo, ngokuchanekileyo, lo mntu uneetalente wayichaza kakuhle into yokuba inyani yeli lizwe ngaphandle kwe-glimest glitters, kodwa nge-zurnoric ye-zurnover. Kufanelekile ukukhumbula ibali elithi "Inguqu", ngo-2002, ifilimu yaseRussia yarhoxiswa nge-Evgeny Mironov kwindima ekhokelayo.
Icebo lebali lijikeleza iGregor, umfana oqhelekileyo osebenza njengoluntu kwaye esebenzisa abazali udadewabo nabazali. Kodwa kwenzekekile yenzekile: Gregor yajika yaba sisinambuzane esikhulu ekuseni. Ke, uProtagonist waba yinto ekhutheleyo, apho izalamane zangaphakathi zeqhawe zegorha, zazinexhala lomgubo owoyisayo wesidalwa esinengxaki kwaye sasingafanelekanga (Umzekelo, ayikwazanga ukufumana imali ngokwazo kwigumbi lokuphumla kunye neendwendwe ezoyikisayo).
Kodwa ngexesha lokulungiselela impapasho (eyayingafezekanga ngenxa yokungavisisani noMhleli) kofka bebeka i-ultimatum. Umbhali unyanzelise ukuba kwakungekho mizekeliso ngesinambuzane kwikhava yencwadi. Ukusuka apha kukho iindlela ezininzi zokutolika kweli bali-ukusuka kwisigulo somzimba ukuya kwiziphazamiso zokomoya. Ngapha koko, izigigaba kwi-metamorphosis yekanka, emva kwayo, ayithethi, kodwa ibeka umfundi phambi kwenyani.
Inkqubo yeRoma "yenye umsebenzi obalulekileyo wombhali, epapashwe ngokuhlwaywa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba le indalo yadalwa ngalo mzuzu xa umbhali ebezibandakanya kumbandela noFelicia Bauier kwaye waziva emtyholwa, owobutshekileyo. Kwaye incoko yokugqibela kunye nentanda kunye nodade wabo uFranz uthelekiswa neNkundla yamaTyala. Le mveliso enengxelo ye-nonline inokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo engafakwanga.
Ngapha koko, ekuqaleni koatyika wasebenza kwimibhalo ebhaliweyo ngokuqhubekayo kwaye wangena kwiziqwenga ezimfutshane zenkqubo yencwadana, eyarekhodwa kunye namanye amabali. Kule ncwadana yenqaku, uFranz wayedla ngokukhuphela amaphepha, ngoko ke yayingabi nakwenzeka ukubuyisela inoveli yenoveli. Ukongeza, ngo-1914, uKatyika wavuma ukuba ityelelwe yingxaki yokuyila, ngenxa yoko sebenza kwincwadi yamiswa. Iqhawe eliphambili lenkqubo - UJosef K. (Kuyaphawuleka ukuba endaweni yegama eligcweleyo, umbhali unika i-heris yakhe yegorha) -Vusa ekuseni kwaye ubanjiwe. Nangona kunjalo, isizathu sokwenyani sokuvalelwa ayaziwa, le nyaniso iyigorha ngokubandezeleka kunye nomgubo.
Ubomi Buqu
UFranz Kanka waphathwa ngokuqatha kwinkangeleko yakhe. Umzekelo, ngaphambi kokuba uphume eyunivesithi, umbhali oselula unokuma phambi kwesipili kangangeyure, ahlola ngokungxama ubuso kunye nokudibanisa iinwele. Ukuze angabi "zihlazeke kwaye ukhubekile", uFranz, owayehlala ecinga ngokwakhe isithsaba esimhlophe, enxibe izinto zefashoni zamva nje. Abantu ababephila ngexesha likaKafani bawenza umbono wento enesidima, okrelekrele nethole. Kukwaziwa ukuba impilo ebuthathaka ngumbhali onqabileyo exhasa ubume kwaye, ukuba ngumfundi, wayeyithanda imidlalo.
Kodwa andizange ndifumane ubudlelwane nabafazi, nangona uKafka wayengakhathalelwanga iintsana ezithandekayo. Inyani yile yokuba umbhali ixesha elide uhlala engazi ukuba usondele kumantombazana, ade afike kwi-silk ukuya kwi-lelok ukuya kwikota ye-LENTS. Ukujonga uvuyo lwenyama, iFranz endaweni yelaptop inamava kuphela.
Umbhali unamathele kumgca wokuziphatha kweMytlet kwaye, njengoGgol, waphelelwa phantsi kwethreyini, ngokungathi uloyiko lolwalamano olubi kunye noxanduva losapho. Umzekelo, kunye noFreulein Felicia Bauer Master Forser waphula indibano yakhe kabini. UKafanit wayehlala echaza le ntombazana kwiileta nakwidayari, kodwa umfanekiso obonakala kwiintloko zabafundi, akahambelani nenyani. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, umbhali odumileyo wayenobudlelwane nentatheli nentatheli kunye noguquleli mylena eSenskaya.
Ukufa
U-Kafile wayehlala ethuthunjiswa zizifo ezingapheliyo, kodwa ayaziwa ukuba bangeeyoyo i-psychosomatic. UFranz wabandezeleka ngenxa yokuthintela amathumbu, intloko ebuhlungu kunye nokungalali. Kodwa umbhali akazange anikele izandla zakhe, kodwa azamile ukujamelana ne-aflences ngoncedo lwempilo esempilweni: Ukulandelwa kwendlela yokutya, ukuzama ukungasebenzisi inyama, wayenemidlalo kunye nobisi lwentengiso. Nangona kunjalo, yonke imizamo yokuzisa imeko yabo yomzimba kwinkangeleko efanelekileyo.
Ngo-Agasti ka-1917, oogqirha bafunyaniswa eFranz Katki isifo esibi - isifo sephepha. Ngo-1923, inkosi yeentsiba ishiye ilizwe lakhe (yaya eBerlin) kunye nedayimani ethile kwaye yayifuna ukunikela ingqalelo. Kodwa ngelo xesha, impilo kaKafani yayikhulelweyo kuphela: Intlungu emqaleni yayinganyamezeleki, kwaye umbhali akakwazanga ukuthatha ukutya. Ngehlobo lowe-1924, uMbhali oMkhulu wemisebenzi wasweleka esibhedlele.
Kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhathazekile yayingunobangela wokufa. Ingcwaba laseFranz likwimimandla emitsha yamaYuda: umzimba wekafka ukhutshelwe ukusuka eJamani ukuya ePrague. Kwinkumbulo yombhali, hayi uxwebhu olunye oluqhelekileyo, amatye aqingqiweyo asekwa (umzekelo, i-franz kafka kaFrague), kunye nemyuziyam yakhiwe. Kwakhona, ubuchule bukaKonka wawunefuthe elibonakalayo kubabhali beminyaka ezayo.
Iikowuti
- Ndibhala ngokwahlukileyo kunam, ndithetha ngokwahlukileyo, ndicinga ukuba, ndicinga ukuba, ndicinga ngendlela eyahlukileyo, oko kufanele ukuba icinge, kunye nezona zibongozo mnyama.
- Qonda ummelwane ngokulula kakhulu ukuba awuyazi nto ngaye. Isazela ke singazithuthunjiswa ...
- Njengoko kungenzeka ukuba mandundu, yaba ngcono.
- Undishiye iincwadi zam. Yiyo yonke into endinayo.
- Ifomu ayisiyo intetho yomxholo, kodwa i-bait kuphela, isango kunye nendlela eya kumxholo. Iya kuphakamisa inyathelo - emva koko isicwangciso esifihlakeleyo esifihlakeleyo siya kuvulwa.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1912 - "isigwebo"
- Ngo-1912 - "Inguqu"
- Ngo-1913 - "UKUFUNDA"
- Ngo-1914 - "Kwingcali yoLuleko"
- Ngo-1915 - "inkqubo"
- Ngo-1915 - "Caras"
- Ngo-1916 - "America"
- Ngo-1919 - "Ugqirha wasemaphandleni"
- Ngo-1922 - "Inqaba"
- Ngo-1924 - "Horodar"