Frida Calo - Ifoto, Ubuzima, Ubuzima Bwamuntu, Bitera Urupfu, Amashusho

Ubuzima

Umuhanzi mwiza wo muri Mexicor Frido Kalo yakunze kwita umuvuduko wa alter-ego Salvador Dali. Abakenguzamateka bashyize umwanditsi w'impongo "impongo zakomeretse" kubashyikirije, ariko yapfuye azize ko ubusorikori bwe butavuga neza, ariko bakubura mu buryo bwo guhuza imyumvire ku giti cye ububabare bwo kubura, gutenguha no guhemukira.

Mu bwana n'urubyiruko

Magdalena Carmen Frida Kalo Calderon yavukiye mu mpinduramatwara ya Mexico, ku ya 6 Nyakanga 1907, mu gutura Koyoacan (mu nkengero z'umujyi wa Mexico). Nyina wa Umuhanzi Malilda Calderon yari Umugatolika udafite akazi, wagumanye umugabo we n'abana be muri Rigo, kandi se wa Guille Calo, na se wa Guille Calo, na se wa Guille Calo, mugenzi we wa Guille Calo, mugenzi we wa Beehoven na Schopenhauer, bakoraga umufotozi.

Mu myaka 6, Frida yarwaye indwara ya poliomyelitis, nkigisubizo cyukuguru kwiburyo kwari ugusigara ibumoso kuri santimetero nyinshi. Ba shebuja uhoraho wa bagenzi bawe (mu bwana yari afite izina "ibinyobwa biti ') gusa bigoye kumiterere ya Magdalena. Yahamagariye abantu bose batamenyereye gucika intege umukobwa, batsinze ububabare, bakinnye n'abasore mu mupira w'amaguru, bagiye mu masomo yo koga no guterana. Naga kandi kalo yari azi ubutunzi inenge ye. Muri ibyo, yafashije amajipo maremare, amashyiga y'abagabo kandi yihuta hejuru yububiko.

Birashimishije kubona muri Friida Inzozi Zirohereza Umuhanzi, ahubwo ni umwuga wa muganga. Afite imyaka 15, yiyandikishije mu ishuri ry'ishuri ryigihugu "imyiteguro", aho ukiri muto atanga imiti ibiri yize imiti. Chrovonagaya Frida yari umwe mu bakobwa 35 bahawe uburezi hamwe n'abahungu ibihumbi.

Muri Nzeri 1925, ibyabaye byahindutse ubuzima bwa Magdalena mu maguru ku mutwe: Bus iyo Kalo yasubiye mu rugo, Kalo yasubiye mu rugo yarahuye na Tram. Ikandari ry'ibyuma byahaye umukobwa mu nda, yatoboye mu gifu, asohoka mu gace kangana, umugongo wacitse ahantu hatatu, ndetse n'ibiti bitatu byashizwe ku kirenge (igitaramo gishobora kuvunika ahantu heza).

Ibyumweru bitatu by'umukobwa ukiri muto wamaze mu bitaro nta ubwenge. Nubwo abaganga bavuga ko abaganga bavuze ko ibikomere byakiriwe n'ubuzima, Data, bitandukanye n'uwo mwashakanye, utigeze agera mu bitaro, ntabwo yigeze ava ku mukobwa we. Urebye Plaster Corset, umubiri wa Friside, umugabo yabonaga gutsinda buri mwuka we no guhumeka.

Ibinyuranye n'iteganyagihe, ubuvuzi bwarashize, Calo yabyutse. Nyuma yo kuva muri urwo rurimi Magdalena yumvise irari ridasanzwe ryo kwandika ibishushanyo. Data yatanze agace kidasanzwe kubakunzi bushyushye, yemerewe gukora ibinyoma, kandi anashyiraho indorerwamo nini munsi yigitanda cya bedchin kugirango umukobwa we yirebe kandi umwanya ukikije imirimo.

Nyuma y'umwaka, Frida yari yarakoze igishushanyo cye cya mbere cy'ikaramu ya "impanuka", aho igikundiro cya chotchpi cyakozwe neza kandi gike. Kalo mu 1929 yinjira mu 1929 yinjiye mu kigo cya Leta cya Mexico, maze mu 1928 yabaye umunyamuryango w'ishyaka rya gikomunisiti. Muri kiriya gihe, urukundo rwe rwo kubura ubuhanzi rwageze kuri Apogee rwayo: Magdalena yicaye nyuma ya saa sita ziri muri sitidiyo y'ubuhanzi, maze nimugoroba, ahisha ibikomere bidasanzwe, ahisha ibikomere.

Ferida, Fruda ihanitse rwose yatumye ikirahuri cya divayi n'inka. Ikariso iteye isoni yumugore udasanzwe yahatiye abashyitsi b'isi yo guseka badahagarara. Itandukaniro riri hagati yumuntu udahumanye, wishimye kandi ryuzuyemo umunezero nicyizere namashusho yicyo gihe. Nk'uko amakuru ya Frida ubwayo, ubugingo bwe bwa bunyeshe, yari kuri canvas gusa, yari yihishe ku bukorikori bwimyenda myiza na gloss.

Gushushanya

Frida Calo yamenyekanye cyane ku ifoto ye y'amabara (70 yanditswe muri rusange), ibiranga bitandukaniyeho byari ibintu byoroshye kandi bidahari kumwenyura mu maso. Umuhanzi yakunze kwerekana igitekerezo cye n'ikigereranyo cy'igihugu ("kwishushanya ku mupaka wa Mexico na Amerika", "kwishushanya mu buryo bwa Techin"), aho yari indashyikirwa.

Mu mirimo, umuhanzi ntiyatinyaga kwambara ubusa ("nta byiringiro", "ivuka ryanjye", "ivuka ryake!") Kandi nububabare bwabandi. Mu 1939, umufana wo guhanga wa Calo yamusabye gutanga icyubahiro inshuti yabo Rusange - Umukinnyi wa Firothy Hale (umukobwa yiyahuye, yirukanwa mu idirishya). Frida yanditse amashusho "kwiyahura Dorothy Hale". Umukiriya yaje mu mahano: aho kuba ishusho nziza, ihumure na bene wabo, Magdalena yerekanye imiterere iguye n'umubiri utagira ubuzima.

Kwitondera neza no gukora munsi yizina "Fruda ebyiri", umuhanzi yanditse nyuma yigihe gito cyo kuruhuka. Imbere "I" ntabwo yatanzwe ku ishusho muri Horsehoes ebyiri: Frida Mexico, Rivera yakundaga cyane, na Fruda y'Abanyaburayi, yanze umukundwa. Igihombo cyububabare kigaragazwa nishusho yububiko buvanze buhuza imitima yabategarugori babiri.

Itariki yaje yaje i Calo, igihe mu 1938 imurikagurisha rya mbere ryimirimo ye ryabereye i New York. Ariko, ubuzima bwimbitse bwihuse bwumuhanzi bwagize ingaruka ku kazi ke. Umubare munini wa Frida yagiye kumeza yimikorere, amashusho akomeye yahindukaga amavuta ("atekereza ku rupfu", "mask y'urupfu"). Ibihe bya nyuma byashyizweho na canvas, bivunika na echoes inkuru za Bibiliya - "Inkingi yamenetse" na "Mose, cyangwa Intama."

Gufungura imurikagurisha ryakazi ryayo muri Mexico mu 1953, kalo ntiyashoboraga gukomeza kwimuka kwabo. Ku manywa, amashusho yose yagiriwe inama ku kiganiro, n'igitanda cyera neza, aho Magdalena yari aryamye, ahinduka igice cyuzuye cyo kwerekana. Icyumweru mbere y'urupfu, umuhanzi yaranditse ubuzima "ubuzima burebure", bwerekana imyifatire ye kugeza apfuye.

Amashusho ya Calo yagize ingaruka zikomeye kumashusho agezweho. Imwe mu imurikagurisha mu nzu ndangamurage y'ubuhanzi bw'iki gihe i Chicago yitangiye guhindurwa na Magdalena ku isi y'ubuhanzi kandi harimo imirimo y'abahanzi bagezweho, kubera ko Fruside yabaye isoko yo guhumekwa nurugero rwo kwigana. Imurikagurisha ryiswe "Ubuntu: Ubuhanzi bugezweho nyuma ya Frida Calo".

Ubuzima Bwihariye

Tugarutse mu myaka yo kwiga, Kalo yabonye umugabo we uzaza - Umugezi wa Diego wo muri Mexico. Mu 1929, inzira zabo zongeye kwambuka. Umwaka ukurikira, umukobwa w'imyaka 22 yabaye umugore wemewe w'umushinga w'imyaka 43. Gushyingirwa kwa Diego na Fride bo mugihe cyo gusetsa byitwa ubumwe bwinzovu n'inuma (Umuhanzi uzwi cyane yari hejuru cyane kandi abyimbye kuruta uwo mwashakanye). Umugabo yashizwemo n '"igikomangoma-toas", ariko nta mugore washoboraga kunanira igikundiro cye.

Magdalena yari azi ku buhemu bw'umugabo we. Mu 1937, umuhanzi ubwayo yahagaritse igitabo gifite Lvom Trotsky, uwo yiswe yitonze "ihene" kubera umusatsi n'ubwanwa. Ikigaragara ni uko abashakanye bari Abakomunisiti bafite ishyaka kandi ku buntu bwo gukingirwa impinduramatwara yari yarahunze mu Burusiya. Yarangije inkoni zose zifuruye, nyuma ya Trotsky yihuta kuva mu rugo rwabo. Ikindi cyatije igitabo gifite umusizi uzwi cyane Vladimir Mayakovsky.

Ibintu byose nta bidasanzwe, Amateka ya Amur ya Frida yatwikiriye rwihishwa. Mu bakunzi bakekwa ry'umuhanzi, umuririmbyi Chavela Vargas yashyizwe ku rutonde. Impamvu yo gusebanya ni amafoto meza y'abakobwa, aho Ferida, yambaye imyambarire y'abagabo, yarohamye mumaboko yumuhanzi. Ariko, Diego, yahinduye kumugaragaro umugore we, ashishikaye hamwe nabahagarariye igice cyintege nke z'ubumuntu ntiwitayeho. Ihuza nk'iryo ryamushyikirijwe bidafite ishingiro.

Nubwo ubuzima bwabashakanye bwinyenyeri ebyiri zubuhanzi bugaragara atari intangarugero, kalo ntabwo yaretse inzozi zabana. Nibyo, kubera ibikomere umugore atigeze abasha kubona umunezero w'ububyeyi. Frieda yagerageje inshuro nyinshi, ariko inda zose uko ari eshatu zarangiye gukuramo inda. Nyuma y'igihombo cy'umwana wakurikiyeho, afata brush atangira gukurura abana ("ibitaro bya Henri '), cyane cyane abapfuye - bityo umuhanzi rero yagerageje kwiyunga n'amakuba ye.

Urupfu

Calo yapfuye mu cyumweru nyuma yo kwizihiza amazu y'iminsi 47 (13 Nyakanga 1954). Impamvu y'urupfu rw'umuhanzi ni ugutwika ibihaha. Mu gihe cyo gushyingura FISDA, bafungiwe n'ibyamamare byose mu ngoro y'ubuhanzi bwiza, usibye ku ruzi rwiza, hiyongereyeho abasiganwa, abanditsi ndetse n'abahoze ari perezida wa Mexico. Umubiri wanditse amashusho "Amazi yampaye iki" yatwitswe, kandi ur ar ashes kugeza uyu munsi uri mu nzu ndangamurage ya Frida Kalo. Mu magambo ya nyuma mu mazina ye yari:"Ndizera ko kwitabwaho bizagenda neza kandi sinazongera kugaruka."

Mu 2002, Umuyobozi wa Hollywood Julia Taymore yashyikirijwe abafana ba Sinema Freebey, inkuru yacyo niyo nkuru yubuzima nurupfu byumuhanzi ukomeye. Oscar, umukinnyi wa Theatre na Sinema Salma Hayek, yakinnye mu ruhare rwa Calo.

Nanone, abanditsi Hayden Errera, Jean-Marie Gustave Le Krosiao na Andrea Kettenmann yanditse ku ntera y'ubuhanzi bugaragara bw'igitabo.

Akazi

• "Ivuka ryanjye"
• "Mask y'urupfu"
• "Isi Imbuto"
• "Amazi yampaye iki"
• "Inzozi"
• "Kwishushanya-Igishushanyo" ("Diego Mubitekerezo")
• "Mose" ("Intambara yo Kurema")
• "LANE Ntoya"
• "Guhobera Urukundo Kw'isi yose, Isi, i, Diego na Cathl"
• "Kwishushanya na Stalin"
• "Nta byiringiro"
• "Umuforomo na I"
• "Kwibuka"
• "Ibitaro Henry Ford"
• "Portrait ebyiri"