Ubuzima
Ibirori bidasanzwe n'umunyapolitiki. Umuhungu wizerwa w'ubwoko bwe. Patriot na mpuzamahanga. Abahagarariye igisekuru bakuru bibukwa neza, kubijyanye nuwo bavuzaga amagambo mazi. Abantu benshi barabitekerezaga ko, kandi ntibyahatiwe, ariko bivuye kumutima utanduye. Ibi biracyari kure muri Vietnam kubayobozi ba mbere wa Ho Chi Mini Mini. Mu gihe cyo gusuzuma uyu muntu, bahinduye kuva mu bumana bajya ku giti, ariko biragoye guhakana ko Ho Chi min ari umukinnyi ukomeye mu kibuga cya politiki cyo mu kinyejana cya politiki.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ubuzima bw'umuyobozi w'ubwigenge bwa Vietnam bwatangiye muri Gicurasi 1890 mu mudugudu wa Tua (ku yandi makuru - mu ntara ya Vietnam yo hagati ya Igean. Amaze kuvuka, ababyeyi bahumye n'umuhungu Nguyen Busun Kung. Ho Chi min nimwe mubiti byakoreshejwe nyuma. Se wa Nguyen Shaka yazanywe abana batatu (Busun Kung yari afite umuvandimwe na mushiki wanjye), nyina w'inguzanyo ya Hoang yapfiriye avutse umwana wa kane. Umuryango wafatwaga nkubutunzi busanzwe, kandi ikirere kiri munzu cyategetse umudendeje.
Kuva mu turere twa Aziya, amazina atari Ababy nk'uko, ariko abisobanura, agera ku myaka ya Nguyen Tat kuruta, bisobanura "kunesha". Ndashimira Data wakoreraga mu rukiko rw'umwami, umusore yari ategereje ibyiringiro byiza.
Mu gihe runaka, Nguyen yabereye muri kaminuza y'igihugu yo mu mujyi wa Hue, yakoraga nk'umwigisha w'Abafaransa n'abanya Vietnam. Ariko kuva akiri muto, igitekerezo cyo kwibohora ubukoloni bw'Abafaransa cyarahiwemo (kuva mu gice cya kabiri cy'ikinyejana cya 19, Vietnam yiboneye igitutu cy'abakoloni c'Ubufaransa), Tat kuruta izina ryahujwe hagati y'ituro rirwanya Ibyo byatangiye kugaragara.
Mu 1911, umusore watuye mu bwato buhabwa n'umusare maze ajya i Burayi. Umubyeyi yabonye Ho Chi Mini nyuma yimyaka 30. Muri icyo gihe, nasuye Ubufaransa, Ubushinwa, Amerika, UK, Ubutaliyani kandi, birumvikana ko USSR. Yahagaze ku nkomoko y'amashyaka ya gikomunisiti y'Ubufaransa ndetse n'ubumwe bw'amategeko. Yitabiriye ibikorwa byumuryango.
Amaherezo amaze gusura Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, amaherezo yashinze ibitekerezo by'Abakomunisiti, yize muri kaminuza y'Abakomunisiti y'abakozi bo mu burasirazuba. Ho Chi Min yakunze kuza muri USSR nkumukuru wa Vietnam, yakiriye gahunda ya Lenin. Umunyapolitike yavuganye imbaraga no guteza imbere umubano hagati yababyeyi babiri.
Politiki n'imbaraga
Nkuko umubare wa politiki wa Ho watangiye kwigaragaza mu 1919, igihe yatangaga ijambo ryerekeye gutanga abantu bo mu butegetsi bwa Indochina. Mu Bufaransa, yanditse ingingo ziyobowe n'izina rya Nguyeni Ai Koque, ryashyizwe ku ngabo z'ingabo z'Abafaransa, bitabiriye imyigaragambyo n'inama. Kuba mu madini, imiryango 3 ititanya kandi ishyiraho ishyaka rya gikoni rya gikomunisiti, ryahise rikura mu gice cy'Abakomunisiti cya Indochina.
Mu myaka makumyabiri yakoraga kuri Adoisade y'Abasoviyeti muri Canton. Muri iyo minsi, niba Queysu muri iki gihe yashinze ubufatanye bw'urubyiruko rw'impimbano ya Vietnam na Komite y'amahugurwa yihariye ya politiki. Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Siam. Muri kiriya gihe, yafashe izina rizwi cyane - Ho Chi Minh (Kumurika).
Kora mu isambama mu 1934-1938 no kwiga i Moscou ku buryo byagaragaje cyane ku butumbu bw'umuryango wa Hosch Mini nk'umuyobozi, kuko icyo gihe ishyaka rya gikoni Indochina ryafashwe. Muri 40 Byaragaragaye ko guhuriza hamwe imitwe yo kwibohora abantu badashobora kuba undi muntu wese nka Ho Chi Minh.
Mu ntara zo mu majyaruguru ya Vietnam, amasomo ya politiki ku batware b'ibitabo by'amashyaka y'amashyaka n'interahamwe byatangiye gukingura, aho inyandiko n'ibikoresho by'amashyaka y'Abakomunisiti bizimijwe. Kumurinda abantu boroheje, ibiyiko by'abigisha bitwaye imirimo isobanura gukenera kwigomeka. Mu 1942, ikinyamakuru "Banner yo Kwibohoza" byatangiye gutangaza - Umubiri wa komite nkuru ya CPIK.
Mu ntambara ya kabiri y'isi yose hamwe na umwuga w'ubuyapani, yashyizeho shampiyona yo guhangana kubera ubwigenge bwa Vietmin. Umuryango mugihe runaka ushyigikiye umubano nubutegetsi bwa romani na serivisi zidasanzwe zabanyamerika. Nyuma yo gutanga Ubuyapani no kureka umwami w'abami Vietnam Bao, aha imbaraga ku ntebe y'ubwami kugira ngo bayobore Intebe y'ubwami, maze Ho Shi Min yabaye umuyobozi wa Guverinoma ya Demokarasi ya demokarasi muri Vietnam.
Ku buyobozi bwe, igihugu cyarahindutse: Imisoro minini irahagaritswe, amategeko rusange yemerewe gutangizwa, komite za komite zabaturage zashyizweho, Amategeko ya Rubanda yashyizwemo, Prototypes yo kwiyobora. Ku rundi ruhande, inyigisho ya Ho Chi Mina yari ubutegetsi bw'Abakomunisiti "hamwe n'amaso y'abana", hamwe no kuba hari abaturage bakorana, guhana gukomeye, kugenzura burundu abaturage. CPIKI yahindutse igihome kinini cya leta nshya.
Ntibyari ngombwa nta gikorwa (rimwe na rimwe ku mubiri) bikuraho amarushanwa ya politiki, kurwanya "abahemu" n "" imyifatire "," gusukura "imirongo y'ishyaka. Kuva mu 1950, abajyanama b'Abashinwa bayoboraga mu gihugu hamwe n'ingaruka zose zaciwe. Nyuma, gukandamizwa n'ubugome byayobowe neza kurwanya intwaro ku ngabo z'Abafaransa.
Nubwo ingufu za diplomasi za Ho Chi Minh, ingabo z'amahanga zagumye ku butaka bwa Vietnam. Ububasha bw'amahanga ntibushaka guhangana n'Ubufaransa no gukemura ikibazo cyo kubohoza burundu ubukoloni bwe. Ahubwo, Amerika n'Ubwongereza byafashaga imari y'ingabo z'Abafaransa, Tekinike, Abigisha ba Gisirikare.
Ho Chi min yasabye ubufasha muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti n'Ubushinwa kandi ikayakira, kandi ibi ni ko ibyo bihugu bitabaye mu mibanire ya gicuti. Mu gihugu kurwanya ingabo z'Abafaransa, ibikorwa bya gisirikare bya gisirikare bya Vietnam, bazwi mu mateka byitwa intambara ya mbere y'indogoko yabayeho.
Intambara yarangiye mu 1954, Ubufaransa bwamenye ko bwatsinzwe n'ubwigenge bwa Vietnam. Ariko igihugu cyatandukanijwe mu bice bibiri. Amajyaruguru yerekeranye na Ho Chi Minh, no mu majyepfo-majyepfo ya politiki yo muri Amerika ngari din zy.
Umwanya wa Minisitiri w'intebe wa Vietnam wa mu majyaruguru ya Vietnam Ho wari uherereye kugeza mu 1955, uyu mwaka wabaye perezida wa Vietnam y'Amajyaruguru. Muri icyo gihe cyose, yatanze inkunga itandukanye muri Vietnateri ya Vietnamese imbere yigihugu. Muri 1960 kandi yatowe umuyobozi wa komite nkuru ya PTV.
Amajyepfo ya Vietnam yaba yarashakaga kwihanganira guverinoma yikipupe ajya mu ishyamba. Amajyaruguru ntiyakomeje kubahirizwa atabitayeho atangira kubaka inzira z'itumanaho, byananiye kurwanya. Umuyoboro munini wiyi mihanda yiyoberanije cyane, ibiraro, izina rya "Ho Chi Mina" ryahamagawe.
Mu 1961, inzira itandukanye yo kohereza yarafunguwe, yitwa Ho Chi Inzira yanjye ku nyanja. Kuri we byumwihariko. Ubwanyuma, "inzira" yabaye umwe murufunguzo rwo gutsinda intsinzi yumurwanyi wa Vietnamu muntambara yongereye imyaka makumyabiri.
Kuva mu 1965, nyuma yo kwinjiza muri Amerika mu mirwano no kurengera intambara ya kabiri y'indogoko (bizwi ku izina rya Vietnam), Ho Chi Min yanze imishyikirano iyo ari yo yose. Yabaye ishusho y'urugamba rw'ibihugu by'ubukoloni kugira ngo yiyemeze, imigereka y'igihugu yo kwibohora mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu makuru atavugwaho rumwe, Ho Chi Min Yashakanye na Ontencric Zen Xuemin (muri Vietnametse Tang Ming Tang Mil), Ubushinwa n'ubwenegihugu. Abashakanye baratandukanye ubwo impinduramatwara yagombaga guhunga Ubushinwa, yihishe ku butegetsi bwa Chan Kaishi. Ariko, kubaho k'uyu mugore byangiwe n'abayobozi ba Vietnam, uko bigaragara, mu gushaka kubungabunga umugani w'ubwitange bwuzuye bw'imfashanyigisho zabaturage.
Abantu bubaha Ho Chi Mina kugirango biyoroshya bidasanzwe. Kuba ku butegetsi, perezida ntiyatanze umutungo bwite, kutizerana kuguma mu biribwa n'imyambaro. Yanze ku ngoro nziza cyane afitiwe nk'umukuru wa Leta, Ho Chi Min yubatse inzu ye ku birundo inyuma ye. Niba uciriye ifoto, aho utuye ni ubuseke. Inzu yinjira mu buryo bwubwubatsi bwa Mausoleum.
Perezida wa mbere wo muri Vietnam y'Amajyaruguru ya Dara yavanyweho. Igihe yari akiri muri gereza y'Ubushinwa, aho yari aregwa mu 1942, yanditse igisigo ". Ikarita ya gereza". Harimo ibisigo bigera ku 100. Mu nkuru, inyandiko, disikuru ya Ho Chi Mini yatangaje ibibazo by'abakozi ndetse no kwirwanaho kw'igihugu, impinduramatwara ya Vietnation, ishyirahamwe ry'igihugu no kubaka umuryango w'abasosiyalisiti.
Urupfu
Amasezerano yo gukuraho ingabo kuva muri Vietnam yashyizweho umukono i Paris mu 1973. Ho Shea Mini ntabwo bwabaye kugirango abone imbuto zurugamba rutoroshye. Umuyobozi wa Revolution ya Vietnam muri Nzeri 1969 yarapfuye. Ku rupfu rwe rwatangaze bukeye bwaho, kugira ngo rutarenze ibiruhuko by'igihugu - Umunsi wubwigenge. Umurambo wari uhangayikishijwe n'inzobere mu musoviyeti n'inzira zose zagerageje kurinda kugeza intambara irangiye.
Ntiyigeze asohoza ubushake bwe bwa nyuma bwerekeye umuhango wo kwiyoroshya: Perezida aruhuka mu mva nziza muri Square Square i Hanoi. Iyi Maussoleum nimwe mubice byasuwe cyane muri Vietnam.
Kwibuka
- Kuva mu 1969, izina rya Ho Chi Mina ryambara agace ka Moscou. Mu 1990, urwibutso rwa Ho Chi yashizwemo.
- Mu murwa mukuru wa 1976 wa Vietnam y'Amajyepfo - Saigon - yakiriye izina rishya - Ho Chi Minh.
- Mu 1979, gufungura inzu ndangamurage y'ingoro ndangamurage ya Viyetinatigombwe Musebukuru byabereye mu mujyi wa Ho Chi Minh.
- Urwibutso rwashyizwe i UlAnovsk, Mutagatifu Petersburg, Buenos Aires, icyapa cyo kwibuka muri Vladivostok.
- Igishushanyo cyumuyobozi wa Repubulika cyerekanwe muri inoti.
- Umuyobozi wa Viyetinase wahawe isusiyete y'isosiyete ya marine yo mu Burasirazuba bwa Marine na Lokomoti ya gari ya moshi ya kure.
- Amafoto menshi ya Ho Mina n'ibikurura izina rye ryashinzwe biri mu buryo bweruye kuri interineti.