Ubuzima
Birakomeye cyane ni umubwiriza, umwanditsi w'itorero na Arkiyepiskopi muri Turukiya Sezariya, wabayeho mu kinyejana cya 4. Umugabo yarwanye bikabije abihakanye, atatinya igihano kubategetsi. Umwigisha w'Itorero Yitandukanije no kubiba ibikorwa byiza, ibyo bitangiye abantu byoroshye.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Igishushanyo gikomeye cyavukiye mu mujyi wa Kayisariya, wari ikigo cy'ubuyobozi cy'akarere ka Turukiya ya Kapadokiya, mu muryango w'idini cyane, mwiza kandi ukungahaye kandi ukungamisha. Umwaka w'amavuko kubahanga, ntabwo washoboye gushiraho - hafi ya 330. Vesily yitiriwe Padiri, imari y amategeko n'umuvugizi.
Umuhungu kuva mu bwana bwakuze mu mwuka wo gusoma Uwiteka. Nyirakuru mu rubyiruko rwe yize muri St. George Aventilker, kandi mu busore bwe, hamwe n'umugabo we, barwaye cyane cyane abakristu, bamanutse mu mateka nk'abatotezo ba Diyocleti. UNEle kavukire yabaye Umwepiskopi, nkabavandimwe babiri babisya nissky na Peter Sevastiy. Mushiki wa Macrina mugihe kizaza yabaye ubunini bw'agayogo.
Se wa Vasya Ntoya yateguye kandi inzira yumupadiri. Umwarimu w'ejo hazaza w'itorero yahawe uburezi bwiza - kwicara ku mashuri ya Kayisare, Constantinople na Atenayi. Afite imyaka 14, yarapfuye apfa, maze umusore aba mu nzu y'igihugu ya nyirakuru, nyuma yahindutse ikigo cy'abihaye Imana. Afite imyaka 17, umusore yabuze mwene wabo w'imvuwe, byabaye ngombwa ko yimukira kwa nyina i Kaesara.
Mu murwa mukuru w'abanyabwenge ba Ellen, Atenayi yaragiranye umwete yize kandi asura itorero - yibande ku butanduye bw'ubuzima bw'umusore. Yashimishijwe cyane na siyansi, inzira yo kubona ubumenyi, yicaye ku manywa n'ijoro inyuma y'ibitabo, yibagiwe no kurya. Hariho ikimenyetso cyikimenyetso: cyahuye gikabije, nyuma kigira inshuti ziganje hamwe numuhanga mu bya tewolojiya. Umunyeshuri mwigana na we yari aillede ya Julian, umwami uzaza n'abatoteza abakristo.
Imyaka itanu yamaze mu buryo bugaragara muri Atenayi, kandi nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi, nahisemo ko imizigo y'ubumenyi yari yuzuye ubumenyi bw'isi. Umusore yabuze inkunga y'idini, nuko ajya gushaka ibyo bitanze kwa gikristo.
Umurimo wa gikristo
Umuhanda ugana cyane muri Egiputa, aho ubukristo bwateye imbere. Umugabo yinjiye mu gusoma ibitabo bya tewolojiya, byatanze abantu baziranye - archimandrite licalfiry. Mu gihe ugereranije no mu nyandiko. Muri iki gihugu, ubutayu bwafunguye amahirwe menshi yo kwigira ku bo mu gihe cy'abiheburayo - abihaye Imana ya Pahomi, Mari Alegiza Umukoreshariya, FIVAID yabaga hafi.
Umwaka umwe, wagiye muri Palesitine, kuva aho muri Siriya na Mezopotamiya, bitabiriye ahantu hera, yinjira mu makimbirane ashingiye ku idini n'abafilozofe. Tumaze kugera i Yerusalemu, umutagatifu mukuru yifuzaga kubatizwa, no mu isakramentu, nk'uko umugani, intwari yabanje kubona ikimenyetso. Igihe umutagatifu yageraga ku mugabo arangiza, inkuba yaka umuriro yaguye mu kirere, inuma irahinduka ibura i Yorodani.
Gusubira mu makarako kavukire, byanze bikunze byashakaga kubanza kwishora mu by'isi, ariko abavandimwe bemeje gutangiza ubuzima bwo kwibabaza. Umugabo ufite inshuti kandi abantu bahuje ibitekerezo bagiye mu miryango ku kirwa cya Ponte, aho yashinze umuryango w'abanambo. Ariko muri 357, ubuzima bwe bwongeye gushikama mu rugendo - ubu munsi y'abihaye Imana.
Muri 360, mu mubyatsi, mu buryo bw'agaraga niyeguriye abanyamahanga, yabaye umujyanama inshuti ye Euseviya, wabaye umwepiskopi. Kwita ku bizera, kwamamaza amagambo y'Imana bidahwitse byerekanaga icyubahiro n'urukundo rw'abaturage, kandi iyi shusho Eusevei yatangiye kugirira ishyari Minisitiri. Ntabwo kandi yanyuzwe nakazi ko kwibabaza cya presbytery. Kugabanya urwego rwo guhangayika mu mibanire, mu buryo bwifashe umwanzuro wo gusubira mu kigo cy'abihaye Imana mu butayu, cyane cyane ibyiringiro nk'ibi byahoraga byamutoye.
Mu butayu, ihumure rikomeye ryishimiye abasigaye no guceceka, ubwo nazongereye imibereho: ntabwo yigeze yozwa, ntabwo yari umucyo woroheje imigati, no mu mazi, nambaye umuswa na marle. Kwifata byimazeyo byakozwe numubiri - uburemere bwatakaye, kandi nta mbaraga zisigaye.
Nyuma gato, umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya yinjiye muri Monk. Amafoto hamwe byeguriwe iminsi yamasengesho, guta ishuri rimwe bakundwa, basaba amakoranire ya donocar dortormieties, bikiri mu bahagarariye itorero ryuburasirazuba. Gregory kimwe, ntabwo amabuye y'agaciro, akora kugeza igihe ibyuya bya karindwi, asangira ubuturo nta gisenge n'irembo.
Hagati aho, umwami w'abami atandukanye yasabwe intebe y'Abaroma, mu ntangiriro y'ubutegetsi bwe bwa orotodogisi butangira gukandamiza cyane. Gushimangira ingabo, Eusevia yahamagariye umunyamwete n'ubwenge mu buryo bwubwenge, kandi umumonaki wo mu butayu wishimiye gutabara. Kugaruka muri 365 i Caesara, umugabo yagenzuye Diyosezi mu ntoki.
Kuva munsi y'ikaramu mu buryo buhegaragara, ibitabo bitatu byasohotse hamwe n'ibitero bya Arian Soletique, kandi, umugabo yahisemo interuro ku kazi - "IPOstasisi eshatu mu kigo gihuriweho", uhuza amabwiriza atandukanye.
Ibikorwa byukuri byatangiye nyuma y'urupfu rwa Euseviya muri 370. Itorero ryafashe umwanya wa Metropolitan Cappadocyan, atangira gusenya cyane Arianism muri Malaya Aziya. Birumvikana ko umutegetsi w'Abaroma, umutegetsi w'Abaroma atigeze atera ubwibone nk'ubwo akajya ku ngamba zikomeye, agabana capAdokiya mu turere tubiri mu bwigenge.
Hasily yagumye adafite umugabane wintare yabanyeshuri n'abayoboke, n'ububasha bwe bwo mu itorero bwaguye. Ariko, ubuvugizi bwo kwizera nyakuri buracyashyira abasenyeri mumijyi minini yo mu turere twabantu bahuje ibitekerezo - gufata umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya, Grigoriya nis na murumuna wa Peter. Noneho iherezo ryerekanye impano ya Adriniyele, Umwami w'abami yari asutswe, ryahindukaga mububasha mu itorero no muri leta muri rusange. Ariko kuberako byatinze.
Ibitangaza n'ibikorwa byiza
Ubuzima bwa gakirisi ikomeye yateze imigani. Orotodox yemera ko umugabo yiboneye kandi akora ibitangaza byinshi. Umugore amaze gusaba umutagatifu, numvise shobuja. Ariko ku ibaruwa yanditswe neza, uwakoze icyaha yashubije ikinyabupfura. Noneho ihumure rikomeye ryibanze kuri we kuburyo vuba aha azahunga vuba uburakari bwabantu bakuru. Kandi mubyukuri, nyuma yigihe, umutware yahuye numwami.
Mu ntambara y'Abaperesi, yasenze cyane mbere yigishushanyo cyinkumi ya Maleyika wahiriwe Mariya, amaguru yagaragajwe amaguru ya Mercure ya Mercure ya Mercure - umurwanyi afite icumu. Umugabo yasabye abera kutabemerera basubira muzima bava mu ntambara Julian Abahakanyi. Bukwi na buke, Mercury yarazimiye, kandi amaze kugaragara, yatonyanga amaraso ye. Nyuma, intumwa zashyizeho amakuru ko Julian yakomeretse bikabije mu ntambara.
Mu buryo budasanzwe bwakorewe impano idasanzwe: Mugihe cya litururi, inuma za zahabu zimanitse ku ntebe yera hatusika inshuro eshatu, zihamya isura ya Roho Mutagatifu. Ariko inyoni amaze kudatanga ikimenyetso, kandi itekereza cyane kandi izi ko impamvu yo muri Deonone, yarose kureba umugore mwiza mu museke.
Umutambyi yatewe na Deacon kuri Opitia Rigidiya, kandi imbere y'urutambiro ategeka uruhare kugira ngo abagore batabona mu gihe cyo gusenga. Kuva icyo gihe, inuma itigeze ireka gutangaza ko kumanuka kwa Roho Mutagatifu.
Undi mugani avuga ko washoboye cyane kwirinda kwirukanwa kubwo gutanga Imana. Ku munsi wa epiphany wa Nyagasani ku rusengero, aho yakoreraga, umwami wa acold yagaragaye. Yabonye ubwiza bw'imitako n'itegeko mu rusengero, yishimiye cyane ku buryo yashizwemo ahantu hera.
Icyakora, bavuye mu rugo, abanzi ba Vasily bawunamye umutware kwirukana umurwanyi na Ariana. Mu gihe cyo gushyira umukono ku teka rijyanye na Valente, intebe yari yuzuye kandi inkoni irasenyuka, ishyira umukono. Inkoni ya gatatu imaze gucika, umwami w'abami yari afite ubwoba kandi arimbura igihano.
Mu buryo bukabije bwatsindiye icyubahiro cyumuntu mwiza, yiteguye gutabara akeneye, nubwo yunvise igihano. Inkuru izwi ku gakiza k'umupfakazi ukiri muto kandi ukuze amakuru, ibyo EPERI ESTies yagerageje kurongora umwe umwe. Uyu mukobwa ntiyashakaga gutakaza umupfakazi we wera kandi yirukana afite ubufasha bwinshi.
Umwepiskopi yashoboye kohereza umukene mu kigo cy'abaja mu mukobwa, nk'uko intumwa za Euseviya zahise ziguruka hamwe n'ibisabwa byo kwirukanwa. Noneho afatwa asambana no gushakira ibipfunyika. Dapars yarakaye yasezeranije umutagatifu kohereza ububabare bukomeye. Kugabanya cyane ushaka guhana, abantu bafite intwaro bahise bajya ibwami bwa Euseviya. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Mutagatifu yasubiye mu bushake bwe ari muzima kandi nta nkomyi.
Urupfu
Mugihe amahirwe yo gukoresha impinduka za politiki muri leta, ubuzima bwo kwibabaza bwarambiwe rwose numubiri wabi. Umugabo yapfuye ku munsi wa mbere wa 379, aha minisiteri mu rusengero rw'imyaka 8.5.
Umwaka mushya Umugani, mbere y'urupfu rw'umwangaswa, umwaka mushya-Umuyahudi urabatizwa, hanyuma ahindukirira abigishwa n'umukumbi n'amagambo yo kuromera kutava mu rusengero kugeza saa cyenda. Yasenze Imana, ibihembo by'ishimwe ku buzima nk'ubwo bukize kandi bukiranuka, kandi budasimburana n'umwuka. Abahagarariye kwatura - Abakristo n'Abayahudi, ndetse n'abapagani bagaragaye mu gihe cyo gushyingura. Vesily yamaze igihe gito nyuma y'urupfu.
Kwibuka
Umunsi wo Kwibuka Byakomeye Byinshi Mu Itorero rya orotodogisi mu Burusiya - 14 Mutarama. Ishimwe ryera risuzumwa ku ya 30 Mutarama, kuri uyu munsi, umunsi mukuru wa katedrali y'awehewe w'abatagatifu - mu buryo butagaragara, umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya na Yohana wa Zlatous.
Cyera gifite amashusho menshi. Yabaye umurinzi w'ibihayimana, abacuranzi n'abahinzi. Ishusho yavuwemo ubufasha mu kwigisha, uburezi, intangiriro yikibanza gishya nubwinjiriro murugo rushya.
Inshuro 10 mu mwaka mumatorero zikorwa na liturujiya ya ikomeye. Iyi nkombe yari arkiyepiskopi wa Sezariya wenyine.
Mu 1999, kubera umugisha w'umukurambere wa Moscou no mu Burusiya yose, Alexy II, ibuye rya mbere ry'urusengero rwa mbere rwa St. Basil Mukuru watewe na VDNH i Moscou. Mu gatasi ko mu 2001, chapel yiteguye yeguriwe yeguriwe.