Samuel Marshak - Biography, ifoto, ubuzima bwite, ibitabo, urupfu

Ubuzima

Muri Archives Hariho ifoto ya Samuel Yakovlevich Marshak ukikijwe nabana. Ntibitangaje, kuko umusizi n'umwanditsi bagumye inshuti nziza y'abasomyi bato. Guhanga umwanditsi ntabwo bigarukira gusa kubuvanganzo bwabana. Ubuhinduzi buhebuje bumenyerewe kubakunda Icyongereza cya kera.

Mu bwana n'urubyiruko

Samuel Yakovlevich yavukiye mu muryango w'Abayahudi ku ya 22 Ukwakira (akurikije uburyo bushya ku ya 3 Ugushyingo) yo mu 1887. Umuryango watangiriye mu bwoko bwa kera bwa bashakashatsi ba Talmud. Se w'umuhungu ni umuhembe wakoraga ku gihingwa cy'isabune, umubyeyi - umugore wo mu rugo, kurera abana akareba ubuzima. Usibye Samweli, abana batanu bakuze mu muryango.

Marshak-mukuru yagerageje kumenya icyifuzo n'ubushobozi bw'umwuga mu rwego rwa chimie, bityo umuryango wakunze kwimuka: Vitebsk, Pokrov, Bakhmut. Urutonde rwimijyi rwahagaritswe muri Ostrogojsk mu 1900.

Kugira ngo bave mu muryango w'Abayahudi, ikibazo cyahawe imikino ngororamubiri, kubera ko umubare muto wahawe abana bakomokamo. Niyo mpamvu se wa Marshak yagize amahirwe yo kubona akazi i St. Petersburg, Samweli ntiyahise akurikira bene wabo.

Imikino ngororamubiri yaje mu murwa mukuru mu biruhuko. Imwe muri izo ngendo zabaye ubuzima buzaza bwibitaramo byumwanditsi. Umuhungu ahagarariwe no kunegura kwamamaye n'umuhanga mu by'amateka y'ubuhanzi w'icyo gihe kuri Vladimir Stasov.

Birakwiye ko tumenya ko inkuru yerekeye ubwana nubusore bidashoboka utavuze ibitabo no guhanga. Nkuko umusizi ubwe yibuka, ibisigo byatangiye guhimba hashize no kwiga kwandika. Ndetse no muri Ostrogogsk, Datvora yo mu ntara yagiye mu muryango w'umusizi ukiri muto kugira ngo yumve imirimo ishimishije y'inyandiko ze.

Ntabwo bitangaje kuba Stasov, mu maboko y'ikaze n'umurimo w'umuhungu, yashimye impano y'umuhungu, yashimye impano y'umwanditsi kandi yagize uruhare mu buhinduzi bwa Samweli Yakovlevich muri St. Petersburg Gymnasium.

Ageze mu mujyi kuri Neva, umukinnyi w'imikino ngororamubiri azimira mu isomero rusange, bihuye n'imirimo ya kera y'ibitabo by'isi. Umunegura ntiyibagiwe kwinjiza urukundo rw'urukundo ku buhanzi, cyane cyane bashyigikiwe no gukora mu bijyanye n'uburebure bw'igihugu cy'Abayahudi.

Abakuru ba Comrade batangiza umusizi hamwe na Maxim Gorky mu 1904. Amaze kumenya ibibazo bya marshak hamwe n'ubuzima bwatewe n'ikirere cya St. Petersburg, Gorky arahamagarira umusore gutura kuri Dacha ku ya Dalta.

Mu mujyi w'amajyepfo, umusore amara imyaka ibiri. Mu 1906, amaze guhabwa umuburo w'intangarugero ku Bayahudi, bihatirwa kuva ku nkombe no gusubira muri St. Petersburg.

Kuri ubu buzima bwo mu buryo bw'ibitekerezo by'umwanditsi ntiyahagaritse. Mu 1911, umusore ufite itsinda rya bagenzi bakomeza urugendo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati nkumunyamakuru. 1912 yaranzwe n'urugendo mu Bwongereza mu burezi muri kaminuza ya London.

Yagarutse mu gihugu cye mu 1914, umusore yari yarahinduye imigi yo gutura inshuro nyinshi, kugeza igihe amaherezo yimukiye i Petrograp mu 1922.

Ubuvanganzo

Imirimo ya Samuel Yakovlevich yabanje gukandagira mu 1907. Igitabo cya mbere cyari icyegeranyo cya "zinoda", cyeguriwe insanganyamatsiko y'Abayahudi. Usibye guhanga umwanditsi, umwanditsi yishimirwa no guhindura. Muri icyo gihe, itangira kandi akazi muri iki cyerekezo no mu bisigo by'abasizi b'Abayahudi.

Imirimo yumusizi ukiri muto yandikiwe umusomyi mukuru. Ibyiza byumusore wumwanditsi wumwanditsi yitwa gukusanya ibisigo "Palesitine", byanditswe mugihe cyurugendo rwumwanditsi. Kwiga mu Bwongereza, akunda cyane abantu barema Ubwongereza na Scotland, ibisobanuro bya ballad, ndetse n'imirimo ya kera.

Kubwamahirwe, Bolshevik, hanyuma Staliniste Staliniste w'Uburusiya ntabwo yagaburiye ubudahemuka buhoraho ku murimo w'abasizi n'abanditsi. Rimwe na rimwe, abanditsi baguye mu buryo budasubirwaho kandi bakorerwa gukandamizwa. Samuel Yakovlevich yabonye inzira yo gusohoka n'inzira yo guteza imbere impano yumusizi ukomeye mubikorwa.

Umwanditsi yari azwiho gukunda uko bakiri bato. Mu 1920, ikinamico ya mbere y'abana bwateguwe muri Krasnodar iriho ubu, ku cyiciro cyaho hari ibitaramo byo ku gicurara ku cyandiki cye, nk "amezi cumi n'abiri". "

Kuva mu 1923, ibitabo by'abana by'umusizi byasohotse muri Petrograpp, birimo ibisobanuro bivuye mu Nkoma "inzu ya Jashkin yubatse ati:" Nicyo gitatanye "," igicucu "," umugongo imbeba nto ".

Mu myaka y'intambara, yirinda ubukangurambaga kubera kureba ibibi, Marshak yandikaga amabuye y'agaciro, Marshak yandikaga amabuye y'agaciro, yagize uruhare mu gushyiraho ibyapa byo kurwanya fashiste.

Uruhare mu bitabo, umwanditsi yahawe amafaranga menshi y'igice na Leniniste n'ibihembo, birimo gahunda ya Lenin, gahunda ya banner itukura.

Muri za 60, iyo uwatsinze amafaranga atabangamiye, umusizi yashyize ahagaragara icyegeranyo cy'ibisigo kubasomyi bakuru "bakunda amagambo". Mu 1960, autobiografiya y'umwanditsi "mu ntangiriro z'ubuzima".

Ubuzima Bwihariye

Umugore Sophia Mikhailovna Malvidia nyamashusho akiri muto yahuye mugihe cyuburasirazuba bwo hagati mubuzima bwe. Kugira ngo wige i Londres, urubyiruko rwagiye mu muryango. Kugeza ku iherezo ry'ubuzima bwa Sophia Mikhailovna bwakomeje kuba inshuti nyayo na muse.

Abosororari yavuze ko abashakanye, nubwo itandukaniro mumiterere ninyuguti, zuzura neza. Marshak numuntu uhanga, yatandukanijwe n'uburakari bushyushye, guhubuka, na Sophia Mikhailovna - Techny "mu bubiko, yashyize mu gaciro, ituze kandi ipima ibitekerezo.

By the way, Samuel Yakovlevich yagize intege nke zidashoboka. Bavuga ko inkuru yerekeye umuntu wo mu musizi w'umuhanda yanditse wenyine.

Inshuti nziza ya Soviet devya ubwe yahuye na kenshi ibyago bifitanye isano nabana bacyo. Mu 1915, imfura y'abashakanye ba Marshakov, umukobwa w'umukobwa w'imyaka umwe, yahiritse Samovar. Umwana yapfuye azize umuriro wakiriwe.

Nyuma yimyaka ibiri nyuma yamakuba, mwene Immanuel abonekera isi, kandi mu 1925 - Yakov. Ntabwo bitangaje kuba umugabo numugore we bahinda umushyitsi. By the way, "umugani wo mumaso muto" byanditswe numusizi ijoro rimwe kugirango ubone amafaranga yo kuvura Imanuel muri Evpatoriya.

Kubwamahirwe, umuhungu muto wa Yakov yapfuye azize igituntu kumyaka 21. Umuhungu w'imfura yabayeho ubuzima bwuzuye, yabaye umuhanga mu by'umubiri watsinze wateje tekinike yo mu kirere. Mugereranije, umugabo yakoraga ubusobanuro.

Ibyiza kandi yitabira imico, Samuel Marshak mumyaka itoroshye yo gukandamizwa no gutoteza umurimo wubanditsi nkuko yashoboraga kurengera bagenzi be. Kubera ko umusizi atatinya, umusizi yahindutse abantu bakuru ba NKVD, agaragaza ko ari kurengera imirimo ya I. A. Brodsky, A. I. Solzhenitsyn.

Kugerageza byagaragaye ko biregwa ko Cosmopolianism na Marshak. Byongeye kandi, ibihuha byazamuye iyo ubujurire bwa Kanselistic bwabitswe mumirongo y'abana. Umwanditsi wize, umwanditsi yize Talmud, hari amakuru ajyanye no kwandika n'umusizi w'imivugo ya zionist, ariko mu bitabo by'abana, birumvikana ko bitabonye ibitekerezo.

Urupfu

Mu mpera z'ubuzima bwe, umwanditsi mubyukuri kuri cataract.

Umusizi ukomeye wasigaye ku ya 4 Nyakanga 1964, arokoka kugeza mu myaka yashaje cyane. Impamvu yemewe y'urupfu izwiho kunanirwa k'umutima. Inshuti n'amajana yo guhanga byaje gusezera kuri Samuel Yakovlevich. Imva yumwanditsi iherereye ku irimbi rya Novodevichy.

Bibliografiya

Umugani w'abana b'abana:

• "Amezi cumi n'abiri"
• "Ibintu byubwenge"
• "Inzu y'injangwe"
• "Teremok"
• "Umugani w'imbeba ntoya"
• "Tale kubyerekeye imbeba yubwenge"
• "Kuki injangwe yitwa injangwe"
• "Impeta Jafar"
• "Umukecuru, afunga umuryango!"
• "Imizigo"
• "Igishwi cyari gifite he?"
• "Mustashiod - Yashyizwe ahagaragara"
• "Gusura Umwamikazi"
• "Umugani w'ihene"

Ibikorwa bya Didactique:

• "Umuriro"
• "Ibaruwa"
• "Intambara hamwe na DNIPRO"

Ibisigo:

• "Inkuru ivuga intwari itazwi"

Akora ku ngingo za gisirikare na politiki:

• "Ibaruwa Igisirikare"
• "Byl-nesbylitsa"
• "Umwaka wose"
• "Ku barinzi b'isi"