Amateka y'inyuguti
Gutinyuka, ubwoko bwashize - ubwoko bwa Gilgamesh bwabaye icyamamare kubera ikibazo cye, gukunda abagore nubushobozi bwo kuba inshuti nabagabo. Buntar n'umutegetsi w'Abasumeya babaga ku myaka 126. Nibyo, urupfu rwumurwanyitwari ntiruzwi. Ahari icyamamare cyibyo cye ntabwo aribeho ukuri, kandi ubutwari Guiligame yabonye uburyo bwo kudapfa, byasabye.Amateka yo Kurema
Ubuzima bwa Gilgamesh bwageze ku isi ya none kubera akajagari bita "epos kuri Gilgamesh" (irindi zina - "kuri bose reba"). Akazi k'ubuvanganzo karimo imigani yacitsemo ibice, tuvuga ibijyanye no kwagura imiterere idasobanutse. Inyandiko zimwe zinjiye mu cyegeranyo zikunda imyaka igihumbi na BC. HADRUMESH ubwe yabaye intwari z'ibyaremwe bya kera n'inshuti ye magara - Enkida.
Izina ryintwari riboneka kandi mu nyandiko za TUMMAL - Ikimenyetso cy'Ububiko bw'Umujyi wa TUmmal, cyabaye saa munani z'ikinyagihumbi mu gihe cyacu. Inyandiko zivuga ko Gilgamesh yongeye kubaka urusengero rw'imana ninglil, wababajwe n'Umwuzure.
Imigani yeguriwe umutware w'Abasumeriya yagaragaye mu "gitabo cya Golyov", yinjiye murindikishijwe intoki. Inyandiko zandikishijwe intoki zigira ingaruka ku mwami wa Uruk, utibanze ku bikorwa by'umugabo.
Ubuhamya bwanditse nisesengura ryakazi ka Masters Sumerian bituma bishoboka gutongana ko imiterere ya epic ya kera ifite prototype. Abahanga bizeye ko ishusho yintwari ya kera yanditswe mu Muyika wabereye mu mujyi wa Uruk, wategekaga uwahohotewe mu kinyejana 17-16 kugeza ibihe byacu.
Imigani n'imigani
Guilogamesh ni umuhungu w'imana ikomeye Ninzin n'Umuherezabitambo w'ikirenga Luganba. Ubuzima bw'intwari ya Sumeriya buzwi kuva umwuzure ku isi hose, wakaranze ku isi cyane. Abantu bakijije Ziishedre batangira kubaka imigi mishya.
Kubera ubwiyongere bw'umubare w'imidugudu, imyigaragambyo ya agegi - uwanyuma mu bategetsi ba Sumer - yatangiye kugwa. Kubwibyo, igihe hilgames afus mu mujyi wa Uruk, guverineri wa Aggy, Vladka Sumer yohereje ingabo ngo basenye inyeshyamba zitinyutse.
Gilgamesh yamaze kuba icyamamare mu bantu boroheje nk'umutegetsi w'inyangamugayo wo mu mujyi wa Kullaba, uherereye iruhande rwa Uruk. Nyuma yo guhirika abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze, Gilgamesh yatangaje umwami wa Uruk, imigi ihuriweho n'inzitizi nyinshi.
AGEGA IGirabura yateye umwanzi, ariko intwari y'intwari ntabwo yasubiye inyuma. Umugabo akoranya ingabo z'abatuye bato, atangira kurengera ubwisanzure bw'imijyi yo gukandamiza umutegetsi w'umunyamururumba. Nubwo ingabo nini, Agga yananiwe gutsindwa. Hilgamesh yakiriye izina rya Nyagasani w'Abasumeriya kandi ryababajwe n'umurwa mukuru wa Leta muri Uruk.
Ariko, hilgamesh yatandukanijwe nimbaraga no kwiyemeza. Kubera urugomo mu ishema ridakwiriye umuyobozi w'Abasumeriya, imana yohereje Enkidu ku isi gutuza no gutsinda umuntu. Ariko aho gukora ubutumwa nahawe, Enkidu yifatanije na Gilgamesh maze aba inshuti nziza y'umutegetsi Uruk.
Hamwe na Eskid, umugabo yagiye mu gihugu cya Huvaba - igihangange, waremye urupfu. Gilgamesh yashakaga kubona imyerezi yakuze igikoko kinini, kandi ihimbaza izina rye mu rubyaro.
Umuhanda ujya Huvaba wafashe igihe kirekire, ariko umutware wa Sumerov agera mu ishyamba ry'amarozi, imyerezi iragenda, irimbura igihangange. Ibikoresho byakuwe mu mbisi byagiye mu kubaka ingoro nshya mu murwa mukuru.
Nubwo umujinya wo kwishima no kwirengagiza amategeko, Gilgamesh yubashye imana. Kubwibyo, igihe imanakazi yurukundo Inani yahindukiriye umugabo ngo amufashe, yajugunye ibintu byose ahita ajya ku rusengero ruhimbaza igikoma.
Muri uru rusengero rwakuze Iva mwiza, washimishije Inanna. Ariko mu mizi y'igiti, inzoka yatangiye. Mu mutinda w'igiti wa Willow, Demoni Lilith wemwitse kuri we asylum, kandi mu ikamba ibyuya icyari ni akazu k'amaraso.
Intwari umuntu yakubise umutwe winzoka. Kubona urugomo, Orlitsa yahunze, Lilith yashonga mu kirere. Grate Innan yatanze igice cya gulogamesh cyigiti, aho abafatanyabikorwa bakoze ingomaji. Byari bikwiye gusa umutware wa Uruk gusa kugirango akubite igikoresho cy'umuziki, kuko abasore bose bajugunye amategeko, n'abakobwa batatindiganyije bahabwa imbaraga za Gilgamesh.
Umugabo unyuzwe yamaze umwanya munini murukundo yishimye mugihe imana zibarakaga kumvikanisha ibirego by'abakozi basigaye badafite abageni, ntibafashe ibikoresho byubumaji biva muri Gilgamesh.
Kubona uburyo arwaye kubura ibikinisho, Enkida yagiye mu kuzimu, aho imana yimuye ingomaji. Ariko umugabo ntiyitayeho ko umuntu utarenga ku mategeko ashobora kuva mu kuzimu. Yoo, Enkida yasanze ingoma, ariko ntiyashobora kuva mu bwami bw'abapfuye kugira ngo agaruke ku gihombo.
Muyindi migani yerekeye urupfu rw'inshuti, hilgamesh yasobanuwe murundi rufunguzo. Ishersess Ishtar, yatangajwe no kugaragara nubutwari bwa Gilgamesh, yatanze intwari kumurongora. Ariko Gilgamesh yanze ubwiza, kuko yari azi ko Ishtar itashushanyijeho gushikama.
Imana yababajwe yitabwe ku Mana Anu, wari uherereye mu gikoko. Ikimasa kinini cyo mwijuru cyamanutse hasi kugirango mbarinde umujyi ukunda. Noneho ndkide yihutiye kwa mwanzi, bidatinze Hilgamesh yageze ubufasha. Abantu bagoretse batsinze inyamaswa iteye akaga.
Ariko kubera kwica hejuru yikimasa, imana yahisemo kwerekana gilgamesh. Nyuma y'ingeri ndende, byafashwe byemejwe kuva mu mutegetsi wa Uruki ari muzima kandi ukureho ubuzima bwa verkid. Amasengesho nibisabwa ntibishobora gusunika urupfu rwumugabo. Nyuma yiminsi 13, inshuti nziza ya Gilgamesh yarapfuye. Kwishura inshuti, Umwami Uruk yashyizeho icyubahiro cyirwibutso rwiza.
Igihombo kidafite ubuti, umugabo yamenye ko nawe azapfa rimwe. Impinduka nkiyi ntiyakwiranye na guilogamesh, nuko intwari yagiye murugendo ruteye akaga kugirango bahure na Uthapishimo. Mugushakisha kudapfa, intwari yatsinze inzitizi nyinshi. Amaze kubona umusaza uzi ubwenge, intwari yamenye ko ubuzima bw'iteka butanga Inama Njyanama-Ibyatsi, bikura munsi yinyanja.
Amakuru ntiyakonje umukungugu wo gukingirwa. Abahambiriye ku maguru y'amabuye, umugabo akuramo ibyatsi by'imikoro. Ariko mu gihe intwari yashyizeho imyenda ye, inzoka yakuruwe mu byatsi. Kubabaza Gilgamesh asubira muri Uruk kugirango abeho ubuzima, ibintu byuzuye, kandi byanze bikunze byapfuye.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Ibisobanuro by'izina "Gilgamesh" - Abakurambere b'intwari. Abashakashatsi bavuga ko ijambo ku buryo bwo muri Sumeriya ryumvikana nka Bilga Mas. Kandi amahitamo yakiriye ikwirakwizwa ni itandukaniro ryatinze muri Akkadia.
- Inyuguti yabaye igice cya Anime "ya Babiloni".
- Kimwe na Bibiliya, inkuru zerekeye Gilgamesh yazamuye isi y'Umwuzure, washenye abantu benshi. Hariho igitekerezo kivuga ko ibyago bya Bibiliya byatijwe mu Sumerians.