Ubuzima
Thomas Akvinsky ni umuhanga mu by'amadini gatolika cyane, washoboye kwiteranya imyizerere ya gikristo n'ubwenge na logique. Ubuzima bwa TheWoman bwahindutse bugufi, ariko bwuzuyemo ibitekerezo byubwenge, amakuru yibanze (urugero, "ubwinshi bwa tewolojiya"), Ibitangaza Imana. Ikintu nyamukuru cyagezweho mubutaliyani gitekereza ni ugushiraho ibimenyetso 5 byerekana ko Imana ibaho.Iherezo
Thomas Aquinas, cyangwa Tomasi (Thomas) Aquinat, yavutse bishoboka, mu mujyi wa 2525 mu mujyi wa Aquino (ifasi ya Lazio ya none), mu gihome cya Rockkazeri. Padiri Landolf Aquinas yabaye umutware wa King Roger II, na Thedore, Mama Neapolitank, yazanye abana barindwi.
Mu gihe abahungu bakuru bahanganye na thomas inzira ya gisirikare, umuvandimwe Landolf, wabaye abbot muri monasiteri ya Benekassino. Afite imyaka 5, umuhungu yari mu kigo cy'abanyamahane, mu 1239 - muri kaminuza ya Naples. Hano, Thomas Aquina yahuye na Aristote, umuhanga mu bya filozofiya y'Abayahudi averroide, umuhanga mu bya filozofiya y'Abayahudi averroest, wa filozofiya y'Abayahudi averroest, ibitekerezo byabarabu by'Abarabu, ibitekerezo byagize ingaruka ku nyigisho za tewolojiya w'Ubutaliyani.
Mu myaka 19, umuhanga mu wa filozofiya yahisemo kwitabira gahunda Gatolika y'abavandimwe. Umuryango wa Foma Aquinas wari urwanya iki gitekerezo. Kugira ngo wirinde kwivanga, Theodora mu bihe by'Umwana, abagize iryo teka bagerageje gupfukaho utekereza i Roma, ariko mu nzira bafashe barumuna babo.
Ababyeyi bagerageza gutuma umuhungu we atererana kwinjira mu ruhererekane, imyaka 2 yamugiriye igifungo. Bavuga ko umunsi umwe, abavandimwe bayoboye umugore wa leta muri "gereza" gusenya umuhigo w'ububanyi. Thomas Aquinas yarayihanaga kuva ashyushye.
Intsinzi y'umusore kubera ibishuko ifatwa mu ishusho ya Diego Velasquez "Ikigeragezo cya St. Thomas Aquinsky." Kuri Canvase igaragaza umunaniro, yambaye ikanzu ya monastique, bahobera umumarayika. Indi ntumwa yo mwijuru iri inyuma, kandi kubera urutugu hari umugore utunguranye. Hasi, ibirenge bya batekereza, gutwika kubeshya.
Indahiro y'ubushyari, umuhanga mu bya filozofiya yabitse kugeza gupfa, ubuzima bwite mugaciro gakabije ka Thomas Akvinsky. Ntiyari afite abagore be n'abana be.
Gusobanukirwa ko imirimo itazana ibisubizo, mu 1244 Yoodore yateguye guhunga kwa Tomasi ubanza mu byaha, hanyuma i Roma, aho umuhanga mu by'amategeko yasangaga na Johann Von, yinjira mu nzego z'umuryango w'Abanyeyona.
Mu mwaka wa 1245, uwo musore yinjiye muri kaminuza ya Paris, umujyanama we yari umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya Albert ikomeye. Kubera gupakira no kwicisha bugufi, gukabije ndetse no ku mubikira, abanyeshuri bagenzi bacu bashinyaga na menilian ya siciliya. Mu gusubiza usebanya Albert, mukuru yavuze amagambo y'ubuhanuzi:
"Uramwita ikimasa kicecekeye, ariko ibitekerezo bye bimara kwinginga cyane kuburyo isi ihanguwe."Nyuma ya mwarimu, nyuma yimyaka 3, Tomasi yagiye i Cologne, aho yasobanuye amategeko yisezerano rya Kera. Mu 1252 yasubiye i Paris kugira ngo abone urwego rwa tewolojiya. Ku bushobozi bw'inyigisho nyuma y'inyigisho nyuma yimyaka 4, byasabwe kuba umugereka wa kaminuza ya Paris, muri A Thomas yongeye gufata uyu mwanya.
Thomas Aquina yavuye mu mateka ya Kiliziya Gatolika y'Abaroma: mu 1261, Papa Umujyi IV yategetse filozofiya kugira ngo ahimba indirimbo z'iminsi mikuru y'umubiri n'amaraso ya Kristo. "Page Lingua", "Tantum Ergo" na "Pais Angelicus" arakorwa uyu munsi.
Mu 1265, itorero ryongeye guhindukirira Tomasi kugira ngo amufashe: papa w'Abaroma wakurikiyeho, Clement IV yahawe Umutaliyani muri Bogoslov.
Muri 1272, basize umwanya wa Regent wa Kaminuza ya Paris, Thomas Akvinsky yimukiye i Naples, aho yabwirije abantu. Umwaka umwe, uwatekerezaga kurenga kumurikirwa kw'Imana. Umugani uvuga ko nyuma ya Misa yo mu gitondo mu kigo cy'abihaye Imana cya Dominikani, muri Chapel ya Mutagatifu Nicholas, Thomas yumvise ijwi rya Kristo:
"Wansobanuye neza, Thomas. Ni ibihe bihembo ushaka ku kazi kawe? "Thomas yarashubije ati:
"Nta na kimwe uretse wowe, Mwami."Ikindi cyo kumurikirwa cyabaye mu Kuboza 1273, igihe mu nyigisho yama ipfunyitse yakubise umunezero muremure. Yanze gukomeza imirimo myinshi, nyuma yitwa "umubare wa tewolojiya". Nyuma yo kuruhuka mu myindeto, yakangutse kwandika inyota, ariko ntibyashobokaga kurangiza igitabo.
Papa Gregory X yatangaje ko gutaka kwa Katedrali ya kabiri ya Lyon, intego nyamukuru yacyo yari ubwiyunge bw'amatorero ya Gatolika y'Abaroma na orotodogisi. Inama yatumiwe na Aquinas ya Gma. Mu nzira, kugendera ku ndogobe ku muhanda wa Apia y'Abaroma, umugabo akubite umutwe ku ishami ry'igiti cy'igiti cyaguye kandi kirwaye cyane.
Filozofiya yajyanywe muri Montekassino kwivuza. Kugarura ubuzima, Thomas yatangijwe mu muhanda, ariko na none zalenogo. Yahujwe no muri Abbey wa Fossanov. Abihayimana bamufashe iminsi myinshi. Thomas Akvinsky yapfuye azize ku ya 7 Werurwe 1274 ku meza - yagize icyo avuga ku ndirimbo Salomo indirimbo.
Nyuma yimyaka 50, 18 Nyakanga 1323, Papa John Xxii yatangaje ko ari aquinas ya bequina, maze ku ya 7 Werurwe, maze ku ya 7 Werurwe, yapfiriye mu birori by'iminsi mikuru y'Abaroma nyuma ya saa sita za St. Thomas Aquinstky. Nyuma ya 1969, itariki yahinduwe ku ya 28 Mutarama. Ibisigisigi by'umufilozofiya byimuwe inshuro nyinshi: Muri Mutarama 1369 - Ku rusengero rw'abihaye Imana Yakobo muri Toulo muri Toursica, rwasubijwe mu itorero rya Saint Sandukar, hanyuma basubira mu rusengero rw'abihaye Imana Yakobo, aho Baracyasigaye.
Filozofiya n'ibitekerezo
Thomas Aquinas ntabwo yizeraga muri filozofiya, asuzume abapagani wabo "bahakana ukuri n'ubwenge bwo guhishurwa kwa gikristo." Yizeraga kandi ko filozofiya akorera tewolojiya, kuko Ibyahishuwe nimpamvu ikomeye. Nubwo atari IMYITOZO, Thomas yasomye Aristote, yagaragaye mu nyigisho zayo.
Gufata nk'ishingiro ry'icyiciro cya 4 cy'ubumenyi bw'ukuri kwa Aristote - uburambe, ubuhanzi, ubumenyi n'ubwenge, Thomas, Thomas Aquinas yerekanye ibye. Yanditse ko ubwenge ari ubumenyi bw'Imana, ni ukuvuga hejuru y'intambwe zose. Uwitekerezaga yagenze kure kandi agenera ubwenge 3 bwubwenge: Ubuntu, tewolojiya (ubwenge bwo kwizera) na metafiyari (ubwenge bwubwenge).
Kimwe na Aristote, Thomas Aquini yabonaga ko roho ifite ibintu byigenga, bikaba biri hamwe n'ibyifuzo by'abantu, bigaragarira ibikorwa byiza kandi bibi. Umuntu watanzwe kugirango ahuze n'Uwiteka nyuma y'urupfu.
Kubwibyo, utekereza ati: Umuturage ushyira mu gaciro ashaka kubaho gukiranuka kugirango ahuze n'Umuremyi ku rundi ruhande rw'isi. Muri iyi Tomasi, asubiramo ibitekerezo by'urufatiro rw'ibitekerezo bya filozofiya ya gikristo ya Avrellium Augustin, cyangwa Augustin cy'ukuri.
Umuntu azamenya isi kubwimpamvu, ubwenge nubwenge. Kubera imanza za mbere, imanza nimyanzuro byateguwe, iya kabiri idufasha gusesengura amashusho yo hanze yibintu, naho icya gatatu cyerekana ihuriro ryibice byumwuka. Muri rusange, ubumenyi ni uko, ukurikije Tomasi ya Aquinasi, atandukanya umuntu ku giti cye mu nyamaswa, ibimera, ibiremwa by'Imana.
Kubwo kumenya intangiriro yitange, hariho nibikoresho 3 - ibitekerezo, guhishurwa nubushishozi. Rero, Thomas Aliyas yari umwe mu bahanga mu bya tewolojiya ba mbere yemeye ko bishoboka ko busobanuka kumurikirwa cyane n'imiterere y'ubwenge. Byongeye kandi: Mubikorwa byinshi "umubare wa tewolojiya", uwibwira abatekerezaho 5 ibimenyetso byerekana ko Imana ibaho.
- Kwimuka kwa mbere. Kwimuka kwibintu byose bifite imbaraga kwisi byigeze kurakara no kugenda mubindi bintu, naya bintu bya gatatu. Ariko, Imana yabaye intandaro yo kugenda.
- Icya kabiri - kubyaza imbaraga. Icyemezo kirasa nuwahozeho kandi cyerekana ko intandaro yibintu byose yigeze ikora mwisi ni Imana.
- Icya gatatu kirakenewe. Ikintu cyose gisobanura ubushobozi kandi gikoreshwa rwose, ariko ibintu byose ntibishobora kuba muburyo bukomeye. Ikintu kirakenewe kugirango uteze imbere guhindura ibintu muburyo butangwa na leta nyayo aho ikintu gikenewe. Iki kintu ni Imana.
- Icya kane ni urwego rwo kubaho. Abantu bagereranya ibintu nibitekerezo bifite ikintu cyuzuye. Ibi biratunganye kandi hariho Imana.
- Icya gatanu - Impamvu intego. Ibikorwa byibinyabuzima bigomba kuba bikwiye, bivuze ko ikintu gikenewe, kubaza intego kubintu byose biri mwisi. Kandi iki kintu ni Imana.
Usibye idini, Thomas Akvinsky yatekereje kuri Leta. Uburyo bwiza bwibikoresho bya politiki, filozofiya yafataga ubwami. Umwami ni ikigereranyo cy'Imana ku isi, ategekwa kuzirikana inyungu n'ibikenewe by'ibice byose bya societe, bidatanga ibyo ukunda. Muri icyo gihe, ubushake bw'Ikirenga ategekwa kumvira abayobozi b'amadini, ni ukuvuga icyubahiro cy'Imana.
Thomas yabanje gukoresha umurongo hagati yibanze no kubaho. Nyuma yaho, uku gutandukana hagize ishingiro gatolika. Intangiriro ya Thomas Aquinsky yiswe "Igitekerezo cyera", ni ukuvuga, ibintu byabayeho cyangwa ibintu, ibiranga byose. Ukuri kubona ibintu cyangwa ibintu mubitekerezo byisi bifite gihamya yo kubaho kwayo. Kugira ngo ikintu kimwe kibaho, kwemerwa n'Imana birakenewe.
Ku bitekerezo by'abatekereza no gutanga amakuru ye y'idini, "umubare wa tewolojiya" wubatswe inyigisho, yitwaga Tomis, cyangwa ibitagi. Ntivuga byinshi kuri dogmale yukwizera, mbega ukuntu inzira zo kwemera kwizera binyuze mubitekerezo. Ariko, isuzuma rihe hejuru rya Phoma ya Gma Aquins ni ukurera nk'ibitekerezo byemewe bya gitolika.
Amagambo
Reka ibitekerezo bigerweho mubitabo, bizaba umurwa mukuru wawe uhabwa agaciro, nibitekerezo ufite byinshi, ijanisha kuri we. Umuntu wihariye akeneye inshuti, kandi ntabwo ari ukubera kubagirira nabi, kuko na we ubwe ageraho, kandi ntabwo Kuberako kugirango tubashireho, kuko afite amateka meza yubuzima bwiza, ariko mubyukuri kugirango ashireho ibikorwa byiza kubanyabwenge kurusha abategetsi. Nakunze kwihana ibyo navuze, ariko Ni gake twicujije kubyacecetse.Iburanisha
- 1245-1246 - "Ihuriro ku bahanzi bamwe bazwi"
- 1255 - "Ku mahame ya kamere"
- 1256-1259 - "Ibibazo bitavugwaho rumwe byerekeye ukuri"
- 1259-1268 - "Ibibazo bitavugwaho rumwe byerekeye imbaraga z'Imana"
- 1261-1263 - "Amafaranga agenga abapagani" ("umubare wa filozofiya")
- 1265-1274 - "Umubare wa tewolojiya"
- 1267 - "Ibibazo bitavugwaho rumwe byerekeye ubugingo"