Ubuzima
Aldins Collins - Umwanditsi w'icyongereza, umurimo we wagaragaye udasanzwe ushyingurwa munsi y'ibihanga bya Mark Twain na Charles Dickens. Imirimo yacyo itandukanijwe nindangamuntu, ibibanza byamahwa, ubukana bwururimi nubusanzure yimyumvire, hamwe nubwitonzi "umusemburo" umwanditsi we ubwanditsi buzarimbisha isomero rya buri gitabo.
Ubuzima bwa Wilkiam Wilki Collins butwara ku ya 8 Mutarama 1824 i Londres, mu gihembwe cya Maribon, mu muryango w'icyiza cy'Icyongereza, umwe mu bagize icyongereza, umwe mu bagize Ishuri ry'Ubuhanzi William Collizz na Harriet Gededes. Izina ry'umuhungu twarazwe na se, n'izina risanzwe yaje kumenya isi yose, kuva kuri Godfathor - umuhanzi - Zhanrist David Willow.
Imyaka 4 nyuma yo kuvuka kwimfura, undi mwana yagaragaye mumuryango - Charles Alston Collins. Nyuma yaje kujya ikirenge cya se maze aba umurangi, abayoboke b'imiterere yubusa - icyerekezo cyo guhanga, intego yacyo yari urugamba rwo kurwanya amakoraniro ya Victorian.
Ubumenyi bwambere bwigiti cya Willow na Charles bwinjiye murugo. Collins yumuryango yari idini cyane, Harriet yahatiye abahungu kwitabira itorero, soma amasengesho mbere yo kuryama no kwitegereza inyandiko. Uru ruhande rw'ubuzima ntirwari ukwiye kuryoherwa n'umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza, ariko ukuze yiyita ubukristo afite guhiga n'umwete
Mu 1835, Wilki yinjiye mu ishuri rya Maida Vale, ariko yiga igihe kirekire: kuva ku ya 1836 kugeza ku ya 1838 kugeza ku ya 1838, umuryango wabaga mu Butaliyani, ubwo mu Bufaransa. Mu mahanga, abahungu bahise bamenya Abanyataliyani n'Igifaransa. Aba nyuma bahaye Wilki byoroshye, nyuma nyuma aramurekura.
Agarutse mu mubyatsi, ababyeyi bohereje umuhungu ishuri ryigenga rya Reverend Cole muri Hyer, mu majyaruguru ya London. Wilki ntabwo yakundaga kwiga, ariko cyane cyane mugenzi we mucyumba, yari afite ubwoba mu gicuku ahatira kuvuga inkuru zo gusinzira neza.
"Wari umuhungu utagira ikinyabupfura wankoze buri munsi, igitambo cye gikennye. Ariko iyaba atari kuri we, sinshobora kubyuka ... Igihe navaga ku ishuri, nakomeje kuvuga inkuru, ariko ku bwanjye, ariko kunezerewe, "amagambo nk'ayo yaje kugaragara mu kiraro cya Willow Coary.Mu mpera za 1840, umusore yarangije amashuri kandi ashimangira ko se yabonye kuri Antrobus & Co. Abacuruzi b'icyayi. Urwego rwa Monotonotone ntabwo rwari rumeze guhamagara, ariko yakoraga mu isambu yimyaka 5.
Ibitabo
Icyarimwe hamwe nakazi kuri Enterprises, Wilki yakoze akazi kambere - inkuru "umutoza wa nyuma", mu 1843 yasohotse mu kinyamakuru "kumurikirwa". Muri uwo mwaka, icyongereza cyanditse igitabo cya mbere "Iolani, cyangwa Tahiti, nk'uko byari bimeze," nk'uko byari bimeze, "yamuhaye inzu yacapwe" Chapman & Salle ", ariko mu 1845 yakiriye kwanga. Igitabo nticyatangajwe mu nyandiko umwanditsi: Igitabo cya mbere cyagaragaye mu 1999 gusa.
Kugerageza Willow Kuba Umwanditsi yakuyeho ibyiringiro bya William Collins kubera ko Umwana azaragwa umwuga we ahinduka umuhanzi. Nyamara, se ntiyagumye kure yo guhitamo ejo hazaza haka umuriro: Yashyiraho inzira y'abayobozi b'amadini, hanyuma yemeza ko yinjira mu munyamategeko mu muryango w'icyubahiro wa Lincolns-Inn mu 1846.
Collins Jr. yerekanye ko ashishikajwe cyane n'amategeko kandi umwanya munini wakoraga kushyanga "Antonina, cyangwa kugwa kwa Roma". Nyuma y'urupfu rwa se mu 1847, Wilki yasohoye umurimo wa mbere ukomeye - "kwibuka ubuzima bwa William Collins, enquire, umwe mu bagize ubwo bwoko bw'umwami." Iki gitabo kidapfumurwa izina ryicyiza cyicyongereza.
Gukomeza guha icyubahiro kwibukwa kwa Data, mu 1849, umuyoboro w'igitugu waburanishijwe nk'umuhanzi kandi ushinga ishusho ya "Retreat y'abacuruza magendu", yashyikirijwe imurikagurisha ry'umwami.
Muri Gashyantare 1850, "Antonina" yasohotse. Uyu murimo nubwo ufite akamaro mubikorwa bya Collins, ariko bitera inyungu nke kuruta "kunyura kure ya gari ya moshi" (1851). Inoti z'amabara, igikundiro cyiza cya kamere y'Icyongereza, byanditswe mu ntara ya Cornwall muri Nyakanga 1850. Umwanditsi wisosiyete yari umuhanzi-imiterere ya henry.
Muri ubwo myaka, Wilki Collins yarangije amategeko maze aba barrister, ni ukuvuga umwe mu bagize abunganira mu gashya. Nubwo umwanditsi yigeze akora ku buryo bukwiriye, ubumenyi bwungutse mu guhugura ubumenyi bukoreshwa cyane mu kwandika ibitabo kugirango batange ibisobanuro byo kwizerwa. Mu 1851, umuhanzi w'Ubwongereza Auguste Leopold amagi yashyizeho insanganyamatsiko hamwe na Charles Dickens, kandi iki gikorwa cyabaye impamyabumenyi mu mwuvo w'umwanditsi wa Novice.
Abagabo babaye inshuti zinyuranye na bagenzi babo. Muri Gicurasi, hamwe hamwe bakinnye mu gikinisho "ntabwo ari bibi, kuko bisa nkaho" Edward Bulton-Liblov, abamuteze amaganwa babaye Umwamikazi Victoria n'umutware. Imirimo ya Collins "Uburiri buteye ubwoba" (1852), "Ubuzima bwambumbutse" (1856), "ibanga ryapfuye" (1857) n'abandi basohotse mu kinyamakuru Dickens "Gusoma urugo".
Mu 1853, Wilki yashyize ahagaragara igitabo "Basil" yerekeye umusore Aristocrat, unyura muri Taboos y'abahagarariye icyiciro cya mbere - akundana n'umukobwa ushidikanya, umukobwa w'umucuruzi. Niba Basil atanga ibishuko bye kandi ihuza na Se idakwiriye, se azamusiga nta burenganzira bwo kuzungura. Birumvikana ko umusore ahitamo kugirango ashyigikire urukundo kandi ahinduke mu nkuru yijimye.
Mu rwego rwo gusuzuma 1998, selesour wafashwe n'umuyobozi w'umuhinde Radha Bharadvaja, hakorwa uruhare runini mu mpeshyi, Claire yabaye umutware, kandi inshuti yashyizeho ishoramari n'umukobwa w'ifunguro.
Kubikorwa byinshi, Collins Serips, kandi ikunzwe cyane ni "Umugore wambaye umweru" - umunyabwenge ", yanditse mu 1859. Avuga ku muhanzi ukiri muto wa Walter Hartrain, agarukanwa na Engravie mu cyegeranyo cya Aristoctica Fairley. Esquins ifite mwishywa wa Laura, kandi akunda ibitonyanga bibiri by'amazi bisa n'umugore udasanzwe mu cyera - yarokotse ibitaro byo mu mutwe, akabaruka ku nzira igana ku mutungo. Ibi bintu bitesha umutwe umusore kandi ukurura icyarimwe.
Ikinyamakuru Indorerezi cyashyize "umugore wambaye umweru" ku mwanya wa 23 mu mashusho 100 nziza y'ibihe byose, kandi abayobozi, barimo Abasoviyeti, batangiye gukingirwa. Filime y'umuziki wa mbere 2-sedim derbenev yaje mbere mu 1981, mu 1982 Bruce na Tim Faybell yerekanye icyerekezo cye. Kuva muri 2018, Mini-Serile yakuweho ukurikije igitabo.
Imirimo yatangajwe mu myaka ya 1860 ninziza mu mwuvo w'umwanditsi: "Amazina" (1862), "Armadeil" (1866), "Ibuye ry'Ukwezi" (1868). Hamwe na "umugore wambaye umweru", ibi bitabo 4 byahaye Willow COLLINES Icyubahiro kuri Shebuja w'ikaramu maze bigurishwa mu bice binini, biremewe gukura.
Mu 1870, ibintu 2 by'ingenzi byabereye mu buzima bwa Collins: Igitabo cy'ubudomo "umugabo n'umugore" n'urupfu rwa Charles Dickens. Wilka yagize ati:
"Buri munsi twabonye buri munsi kandi dukundana nk'abagabo."
Mu myaka icumi ishize, ubuzima bwa Collins bwari bwifashe nabi: Uwongereza hafi ahumye, ntabwo yavuye mu rugo kandi andika bigoye. Yagaragaje ubumenyi bwe ku mpano nto, harimo na Hall y'Abaroma Kane, kandi yabafashaga kurengera uburenganzira bwabo. Buhoro buhoro, kwandika byahindutse uburyo bwo guhangana n'indwara itabemereye kuzimya uburiri. Wilki Collins yegeranye no kurangiza igitabo "Urukundo ruhumye", rwakemuwe nyuma y'urupfu rwe balter bestant.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu 1857, Collins yahuye n'imva ya Caroline - yazanywe mu muryango ukennye kumukobwa washakanye numukobwa we Harriet nabapfakazi. Kubaho kwa Mama numwe byatanze iduka rito, aho igitombo cyakunze kureba. Yafataga Harriet nk'umwana kavukire kandi amufasha kujya ku ishuri. Umwaka umwe, abashakanye batangiye kubana.
Umwanditsi ntiyashyigikiye Instikute yo gushyingirwa, ariko akomeza kuba abizerwa na Harriet, abifatanije na bo. N'umugore yashakaga kurongora. Yasize Collins igihe yandikaga "ibuye ry'ukwezi", yarwaye igitero gikomeye cy'amabuye, yatewe no kwishingikiriza kuri Opemu, yashakanye n'umusore witwa Yozefu Clow, ariko nyuma yimyaka 2 asubiye kuri Collins.
Mu 1868, ubuzima bwite bw'umwanditsi bwangiriyeho no kumenyana na Martha Radd, umukobwa w'imyaka 19 wo mu muryango ukennye. Abana batatu bagaragaye muri ubumwe: abakobwa ba Marian (1869) na Harriet Constance (1871), Umuhungu William Charles (1874).
Urupfu
Willow Collins yapfuye ku ya 23 Nzeri 1889 avuye ku giti cyamugaye. Umubiri washyinguwe ku irimbi rya Greenkel i Burengerazuba.
Mu 1895, urupfu rwaje ku mva ya caroline, mugenzi wawe wizerwa. Aba nyuma birengagije umugore basanze iruhande rw'umugabo wa gisivili.
Bibliografiya
- 1852 - "Basil"
- 1854 - "Umukino wo Kwihisha no Gushaka"
- 1860 - "Umugore Wera"
- 1862 - "Amazina"
- 1866 - "Armadele"
- 1868 - "Ibuye ry'ukwezi"
- 1870 - "Umugabo n'umugore"
- 1872 - "Miss Miss Fightch"
- 1875 - "Amategeko n'Umugore"