I-Biograge
AmaWillets Collins - Umlobi wesiNgisi, ongumsebenzi wakhe owayengafanele angcwatshwe ngaphansi kobuciko boMark Twain Twain noCharles Dickens. Imisebenzi yayo ihlukaniswa ubunikazi, iziza eziyimfihlakalo ezithokozisayo, ubukhali bolimi kanye nokulula kokuqonda, kanye nowesifazane "owesifazana" emhlophe "umbhali wakhe uzohlobisa umtapo wezincwadi wencwadi ngayinye.
I-biography kaWilliam Wilki Collins ithatha ngoJanuwari 8, 1824 eLondon, ekotani elichumayo laseMarizon, emndenini wobubanzi besiNgisi, ilungu leLondon Academy of Arts William Collizz naseHarriet Golddes. Igama lomfana elitholakele kuyise, kanye negama elijwayelekile elifunde ngalo lonke izwe, lithole kunkulunkulu - umdwebi - uZhanist David Willow.
Eminyakeni engu-4 emva kokuzalwa kwamazibulo, kwavela enye ingane emndenini - uCharles Alston Collins. Kamuva wangena ezinyathelweni zikayise futhi waba ngumdwebi, umlandeli we-Pre-actlitis - izinkomba zokudala, inhloso yawo kwakuwumzabalazo wokulwa nemihlangano yeNectorian Era.
Ulwazi lokuqala lwe-Willow noCharles lwafika ekhaya. Ama-Collins omndeni ayenezenkolo ngokujulile, ngakho-ke uHarriet uphoqa amadodana esontweni, afunde imikhuleko ngaphambi kokulala futhi abheke okuthunyelwe. Loluhlangothi lwempilo kwakungekhona ukunambitha umlobi wesikhathi esizayo, kodwa ekuvuthweni washo ubuKristu ngokuzingela nentshiseko
Ngo-1835, uWilki wangena kwisikhungo saseMaida Vale Academy, kodwa wafunda isikhathi eside: kusukela ngo-1836 waya ku-1838, umndeni wawuhlala e-Italy, bese eFrance. Kwelinye izwe, abafana basheshe babuze i-Italian nesiFulentshi. Lesi sakamuva sanikeza uWilki kalula, kwathi kamuva wamkhulula.
Lapho ebuyela eMbhobheni WeMotherland, abazali bathumela umfana esikoleni sangasese sokokumzé e-hyber, enyakatho yeLondon. UWilki akazange athande ukufunda, kepha ikakhulukazi umakhelwane wakhe egumbini, owambolwa phakathi kobusuku futhi waphoqa ukuthi azolala kangcono.
"Kwakuwumfana onobudlova ongihambele nsuku zonke, umhlatshelo wakhe omncane ompofu. Kepha ukube bekungeyena hhayi yena, ngingahle ngaze ngavuka ... lapho ngiphuma esikoleni, ngaqhubeka ngiyixoxa le ndaba, kodwa ngentokozo yami, "kusho lesi sigameko kamuva kwi-Willow Collins Diary.Ekupheleni kuka-1840, umfana uthweswe iziqu esikoleni futhi lapho kugcizelela ubaba uthole abathengisi be-Antrobus & Co. Okwezitelekeni okune-monotonous bekungafani nekholi, kepha wasebenza epulazini iminyaka engu-5.
Izincwadi
Ngasikhathi sinye nomsebenzi ebhizinisini, uWilki wadala umsebenzi wokuqala - le ndaba "umqeqeshi wokugcina", okushicilelwa ngo-1843 ku-Magazine "kukhanyisiwe". Ngawo lowo nyaka, umNgisi wabhala inoveli yodumo ngokuthi "uwoolani, noma iTahiti, njengoba yayinjalo," kwamnika indlu ephrintiwe "chapman & Hall", kodwa ngo-1845 wathola ukwenqaba. Le ncwadi ayishicilelwanga phakathi nomlobi womlobi: Uhlobo lokuqala lwavela ngo-1999 kuphela.
Imizamo kaWillow ukuze umlobi wakhipha amathemba kaWilliam Collins eqinisweni lokuthi iNdodana izodla ifa lomsebenzi wakhe futhi iba ngumculi. Noma kunjalo, ubaba akazange ahlale kude nokukhethwa kwekusasa lendlalifa: wabeka indlela kaWilki yabefundisi, wabe eseqiniseka ukuthi ukungena kummeli emphakathini ohlonishwayo weLinncolns-Inn ngo-1846.
UCollins Jr. ukhombise intshisekelo encane emthethweni futhi iningi lesikhathi elisetshenziswe kwinoveli "u-Antonina, noma ukuwa kweRoma". Ngemuva kokushona kukababa ngonyaka we-1847, uWilki wanyathelisa umsebenzi wokuqala obukhulu - "Izinkumbulo zempilo kaWilliam Collins, ziqu, ilungu leRoyal Academy of Arts." Le noveli yokufa igama lomdwebi wesiNgisi.
Ukuqhubeka nokunikeza inkumbulo kababa, ngo-1849, uWillow Collins wazama yena njengomdwebi futhi wadala isithombe 'sokubuyela emuva kwabashushumbisi ", okwakwethulwa embukisweni wehlobo le-Royal Academy.
NgoFebhuwari 1850, "u-Antonina" waphuma. Lo msebenzi yize ubalulekile emsebenzini wama-collins, kepha ubangela isithakazelo esincane kunokuba "uhambe kude nojantshi" (1851). Amanothi anemibala, ebukekayo ubuhle bemvelo yesiNgisi, yabhalwa ngesikhathi seCornwall County ngoJulayi-Agasti 1850. Umlobi wenkampani kwakungumculi - umhlaba wezwe uHenry Brandling.
Eminyakeni elifanayo, uWilki Collins waqeda imfundo yezomthetho futhi waba isithiyo, okungukuthi, ilungu labameli Corporation. Yize umbhali akakaze aye enze okulungile, ulwazi olutholwe ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa ulwazi olusetshenziswe ngenkuthalo ngamanoveli ukunikeza ukulandisa kokwethenjwa. Ngo-1851, umdwebi waseBrithani u-Auguste Leopold iqanda wethula ama-collins noCharles Dickens, futhi lo mcimbi waba swive emcimbini wombhali we-novice.
Amadoda abe abangane abaphindaphindayo kanye nozakwabo. NgoMeyi wonyaka ofanayo, kanyekanye kudlalwe kudlalwa "hhayi kubi, njengoba kubonakala sengathi" u-Edward Bullv-Litteron, izilaleli zakhe ezaba iNdlovukazi uVictoria noPrince Albert. Imisebenzi kaCollins "umbhede ongaziwa omuhle" (1852), "impilo yokuphanga" (1856), "imfihlo efile" (1857) kanti abanye banyatheliswa ephephabhukwini laseDickens "Ukufundwa Kwasekhaya".
Ngo-1853, uWilki wakhipha inoveli "Basil" mayelana ne-aristocrat young young, eyephula elinye lama-taboos abameleli bekilasi eliphakeme - lithandana nentombazane engabazisayo, nendodakazi yezakhamikhi zomthengisi. Uma i-basil inika isilingo sayo futhi ixhumanisa ngokungafanele, uyise uzomshiya ngaphandle kwelungelo lefa. Kuliqiniso, insizwa yenza isinqumo sokuthanda uthando futhi ivela ukuthi idonswe endabeni emnyama.
Ekuhlolweni konyaka we-1998, kufakwe umqondisi waseNdiya uRadha Bharadvada, indima enkulu yenziwa yiJared ehlobo, uClaire Forehi waba yinhloko yakhe, nomngane owethule i-basil nentombazane yokudla kwakusihlwa, wadlala i-christian slater.
Ngemisebenzi eminingi, ama-Collins ahlungiwe amafilimu, futhi athandwa kakhulu "ngowesifazane emhlophe" - imizwa yenoveli, ebhalwe ngo-1859. Utshela ngomculi osemusha uWalter Hartrain, ovuselwa yi-Engravie kusukela ekuqoqweni kwe-Aristocrat Fred americalicate. Ama-Esquins anomshana kaLaura, futhi njengamaconsi amabili amanzi abukeka njengowesifazane ongaziwa emhlophe - ephunyuke enesiguli esibhedlela i-Psychiatric Hospital, iWalter ihlangana endleleni eya efeni. Lesi simo lesi sithuka insizwa futhi sihehe ngasikhathi sinye.
Umagazini ongumqapheli ubeka "umfazi emhlophe" endaweni engama-23 emanoveli aphezulu ayi-100 aphezulu ezikhathini zonke, kanye nabaqondisi, kubandakanya neSoviet, baqala ukuvikelwa. Ifilimu yokuqala ye-vadim derbenev yokuqala eyi-2 yaphuma ngo-1981, ngo-1982 nango-1997, iBritish Music Movie John Bruce noTim Faybell baletha umbono wakhe. Kusukela ngo-2018, uchungechunge lwe-mini lususwa ngokuya ngenoveli.
Imisebenzi eshicilelwe ngonyaka we-1860s ihamba phambili emsebenzini wombhali: "Okungahlukanisiwe" (1862), "Armadeil" (1866), "I-Lunar Stone" (1868). Ngokubambisana noMfazi oMhlophe ", lezi zincwadi ezi-4 ezinikezwe uWillow Colletion eduzane nenkosi yepeni futhi zithengiselwe ukusakazwa okukhulu, okuvunyelwe ukuzokhula kwezomnotho.
Ngo-1870, izehlakalo ezi-2 ezibalulekile zenzeka empilweni kaCollins: Ukushicilelwa kwenoveli "Indoda nomkayo" kanye nokufa kukaCharles Dickens. Ngaphezulu kwethuna lomngane omkhulu, uWilka uthe:
"Sabonana nsuku zonke futhi sathandana njengabantu besilisa."
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, impilo yama-collins iye yawohloka: umNgisi wacishe waphuphuthekiswa, akazange aphume endlini futhi wabhala ngobunzima. Wadlula ulwazi lwakhe emathalenteni amancane, kubandakanya ne-romanist Hall Kane, futhi wabasiza bavikele amalungelo abo. Kancane kancane, ukubhala sekuyindlela yokubhekana nesifo esingavumelanga ekugcineni umbhede. UWilki Collins wacishe waqeda inoveli ethi "Uthando Olumpumputhe", olubhekiswe ngemuva kokufa kwakhe uWalter wavan.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1857, uCollins wahlangana namathuna kaCaroline - wakhulisa emndenini ompofu entombazaneni eyashada nendodakazi yakhe uHarriet futhi abafelokazi. Ukuba khona komama ongayedwa kunikeze isitolo esincane, lapho umlolokazi ayevame ukubonwa khona. Waphatha uHarriet njengengane yendabuko futhi wamsiza ukuba aye esikoleni. Ngemuva konyaka, umbhangqwana waqala ukuhlala ndawonye.
Umbhali akazange asisekele isikhungo somshado, kepha wahlala ethembekile uCaroline noHarriet, ebabheka. Futhi lona wesifazane wayefuna ukushada. Washiya ama-collins lapho ebhala "itshe lenyanga", wahlaselwa ngokuhlaselwa okubukhali kwe-gout nokuncika ku-opium, eshada nensizwa egama linguJoseph Clow, kodwa ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2 ebuyiselwe eCollons.
Ngo-1868, impilo yomuntu siqu yombhali iyazicebisa ngentokazi noMartha Radd, intombazane eneminyaka engu-19 emndenini ompofu. Izingane ezintathu zivele e-Union: Amadodakazi aseMarian (1869) noHarriet Constance (1871), indodana uWilliam Charles (1874).
Ukushona
UWillow Collins ushone ngoSepthemba 23, 1889 esitelekeni esikhubazekile. Umzimba ungcwatshwe emathuneni aluhlaza we-kencal eWest London.
Ngo-1895, ukufa kwafika emathuneni kaCaroline, umbhali othembekile wombhali. Okugcina phansi kowesifazane atholakala eduze komyeni womphakathi.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1852 - "Basil"
- Ngo-1854 - "Umdlalo we-Fihla futhi ufune"
- Ngo-1860 - "Owesifazane emhlophe"
- Ngo-1862 - "Ungalawuleki"
- Ngo-1866 - "I-Armadele"
- Ngo-1868 - "Itshe LamaLunar"
- Ngo-1870 - "Indoda nomfazi"
- Ngo-1872 - "Umpofu u-Miss Finch"
- Ngo-1875 - "Umthetho nowesifazane"