Amateka y'inyuguti
Imiterere y'imigani yagati yari yaguze mu Buholandi n'Ubudage. Tramp na Plut, mubikorwa byanyuma byahindutse intwari ya rubanda, ikimenyetso cyo kurwanya Ubuholandi na Espagne Domion.Amateka
Mu ntangiriro, Til Ulenenspigal yari intwari y'urwenya kinini n'imivugo ya satani-SHVAnkov, wari uzwi cyane mu Buholandi n'Ubuholandi. Iyi ni ishusho rusange y'ibice, balaguo na vagabonds, bisa na Abayisilamu Hoja nastdina.
Ishusho yabaye igice cya Flemish n'Abadage mu kinyejana cya XIV, maze mu ntangiriro ya 2015, igitabo cyacapwe cyagaragaye bwa mbere ku mutwe "Gushimisha akazi ka Pluto Tile ...", aho imigani ya mbere yerekeye Ulsspigel yakusanyirijwe hamwe. Izina ryigitabo ntirizwi neza. Bidatinze, hariho ubwoko busa bwigitabo cya shimi muri Flemishya. Ndetse na nyuma, ibisobanuro byiki cyegeranyo mucyongereza, Igifaransa, Ikilatini n'izindi ndimi byagaragaye.
Til kuva mumigani ya rubanda ni umubeshyi wishimye witwara nkintwari nziza nicyitegererezo cyo kwigana. Muri kimwe mu bice, imiterere, kurugero, byerekana abahinzi be. Imiterere yimiterere yerekana izina rye, rigizwe namagambo abiri yururimi rwa menunerenemetsky.
Spieegel yahinduwe nk '"indorerwamo", ariko iri jambo rifite agaciro ka kaggege "indogobe", kandi ulen ni inshinga yo "gusukura", "gukaraba". Nukuri, "nziza" Izina ryizina ryintwari "UlensHpigel" Ulenshpigel "nk '" indorerwamo y'ibihunyi "irasanzwe, kubera ko imiterere yimigenzo igereranywa nicyogo n'indorerwamo.
Prototype n'imiterere
Mu bitabo byabantu bagati, bivugwa ko intwari yari umuntu nyawo. Bivugwa ko umugabo witwa Til Ulenenspider yavukiye mu gace ka 1300 mu gihugu cya kthylingan muri saxony yo hepfo. Yabayeho mu ngendo, yari mu bihugu by'Ububiligi, Ubudage n'Ubuholandi. Ku myaka mirongo itanu yapfiriye mu mujyi wa Möln yo mu Budage muri icyorezo. Ariko, aya magambo ntabwo ashyigikiwe nibimenyetso byose byerekana ko uyu cyangwa usa nabayeho mubyukuri.
Ishusho ya Uilenspigel ifatwa nkihagarikwa ry'ivugurura, kubera ko ibikorwa by'intwari bigamije gusebya no guhunga urufatiro rw'urufatiro rw'abakurambere b'isi yo hagati. Til - tramp, ntabwo yemera ubuzima runaka. Intwari ahora yahwemye abahinzi n'abaturage, bakingura umwuka w'ubwigenge no gukora gahunda ku giti cye.
Umugani wa rubanda uratandukanye nigitabo cyakurikiyeho kijyanye na tile ya ulenenspigel, byanditswe na Charlay de Bosier. Intwari nshya zigaragara mu gitabo, utari mu bikoresho bya mbere byabantu, kurugero, gudzak Lamme, inshuti ya Tila. Kandi ishusho yiyisi yibira ubwayo iratandukanye na folklore.
Ubuzima bwa TILA mu buryo bwuzuye bwa korter bugenda burwanya inyuma y'ibyabaye, byabereye mu Buholandi mu kinyejana cya XVI. Ahantu h'ivuka ryintwari ni umujyi wa Damme muri Flanders. Se wa Til - Amakara ya Claus. Mu gihe cyo guhumanya abantu ku munsi umwe n'intwari, Filipo yavutse icya kabiri, Umwami wa Esipanye. Uruhinja rwavutse rwihanganye rukura umwana w'umugome kandi ikigwari, mu gihe Hables til ni abahungu b'ubutwari - imyidagaduro n'umutima mwiza n'indirimbo zikaze.
Amatara akura ku busanzure kandi nta rurimi rufata inyuma y'amenyo, kandi Kiliziya Gatolika yiganje mu gihugu, imbaraga ni iy'inyasiri zo muri Esipanye. Intwari kubera kamere idahwitse kandi yuje urukundo - yuje urukundo, itangaza ko hatabaho no gukatirwa guhumeka kuva mu gihe cya Fhonders mu gihe cy'imyaka itatu.
Tila afite umukobwa bakundana - nya, na nyina witwaga Catlin. Iyi catwin ihinduka kuba mumaboko yabatizwa ibirego byubupfumu no gusara kubera iyicarubozo. Til hagati aho, birakangura isi kandi ugabona ubuhanga bwo kurera nabi. Intwari ibona ikiruhuko cy'ibyaha, kandi imuha amahirwe yo gutaha.
Mbere yo kugaruka kwa Tila, se w'intwari - Klaas afatwa. Ku mugenzi, Rybnik yise Yost. Clasa arashinjwa ubuyobe no gutwika ku muriro, nyina w'intwari arapfa. Til yakusanyije ivu, akomeza kuba umwicwa wa se, ashyira umufuka kandi yambara igituza. Umubyeyi uhangayitse wa Nela avugana n'imyuka, kandi til yitabaza umugore kugira inama, kugira ngo avuge intwari, uburyo atanga intwari, uburyo bwo kuzigama intwari, uburyo bwo gukiza igihugu ubugome bw'Abanyesipanyoli. Nyina wa Nya yohereje tile n'umukobwa mu kiruhuko cy'impeshyi, ku myuka y'isi. Parufe ikunda gushaka inyuguti zirindwi.
Hamwe numukobwa, Nyla hamwe ninshuti Lamme, ibinure-byiza, til yagiye gushakisha barindwi. Isosiyete iri mu bihugu, kandi Lamme nimwe igerageza gushaka umugore we wajugunye. Muri Flanders, hagati aho, imyizerere irwanya abayobozi ba Espagne irabagirana. Uninzonzil yifatanije n'inyeshyamba kandi yifatanije n'intambara hamwe na Abesipanyoli.
Nyuma, gusubira mu mujyi wa Damume, intwari yiga ko impyisi imwe yahigwa n'abaturage. Bigaragara ko munsi y'impyisi yihishe, Yost Yost imwe, watangarije se wa Tille. Noneho iose yakatiwe gucwa.
Til agira uruhare mu ntambara marine hanyuma ihinduka umurwanyi w'umuhanga. Plut yerekana uburiganya, nk'urugero, kugerageza kubangamira imfungwa z'abihayi gato gato, kwizera kutagira impuhwe zose. Iki gikorwa ntigikwiye gusa agaciro k'ubuzima, ariko Nela atangaza ko yifuza kujyana Tille mu bagabo be kuruta intwari y'ubuzima azigama. Nyuma y'intwari zireka serivisi ku mato.
Birashoboka kubona inyuguti zirindwi zifashishijwe amavuta yubumaji. Biragaragara ko ari inzego, na karindwi, intsinzi ibona mu nzozi, ni ukugaragaza ibyaha byipfa. Amatara yaguye mu nzozi zubumaji asa naho yapfuye, kandi abatavuga rumwe na bo bagerageza gushyingura intwari. Ariko, til yatoranijwe mu mva muri iki gihe padiri yemeye gusoma isengesho ritunguranye.
Til ulsspigel mumuco
Mu kinyejana cya XIX, inkuru za rubanda rubanda zijyanye na Tile rwatashye itavanyweho munsi yikaramu yumwanditsi wumubiligi de koster wa Tile Ulsspigel na Lamme Goodzak, ibitekerezo byabo Muri Flanders n'ibindi bihugu ". Urukundo ruhabwa ibisobanuro byurukundo rwishusho ya tile. Kuva mu kinyejana cya XIV, imiterere "yimuwe" muri XVI, aho ihinduka ikimenyetso cyo kurwanya abaturage ba Flanders ku butegetsi bwa Espagles.
Igitabo de koster yahinduye imyumvire yishusho ya Tila mubitekerezo byabaturage basoma. Imico yatangiye guhuza n'ingengabitekerezo y'imitwe y'impinduramatwara y'ingagi, irwanya guverinoma ya Espagne mu Buholandi no kurwanya Kiliziya Gatolika.
Mugukora igitabo cyawe, umwanditsi yakoresheje amakuru, yakuwe mu ntambara ya kera, akurura inyandiko y'abanditsi b'utwa XVI mu kinyejana cya XVI kugeza urubanza. Kandi gusobanura de koster ubwe yagejeje ishingiro ryibikorwa byubuvanganzo n'imiziki, ikinamico.
Gregory Grin muri 1970 yanditse ashingiye ku gitabo cya Alsoster Peys "ishyaka na til", umuyobozi wa til ", umuyobozi wa Markharov mu 1975 yashyize ahagaragara ikinamico ya Moscou".
Mu 1976, urukurikirane rwa firime "umugani wa tile" wasohotse kuri studio ya firime ya mosfilm yigihe cyose cyiminota 405. RIBBON yakuyeho umuyobozi Vladimir naumov na Alexander Alov, kandi bavugana kandi inyandiko ya firime muri DUET. Umukinnyi wa Esitoniya Lembit Ulfsak yagize uruhare rwa Til Ulebiteeel, na Valentin Grachev avuga.
Filime yasohotse mu bice bibiri, kandi buri gice kigizwe n'ibice bibiri. Igice cya mbere cyitwa "ivu rya Clasa". Ibintu - Ubuholandi, mu gikari cy'ikinyejana cya XVI. Igihugu kiri ku butegetsi bw'umwami wa Esipanye. Abaturage baho bararerewe kandi bishimye, ariko abateye bazashyira ahagaragara abantu gutotezwa n'iyicarubozo, hafi ya basemen, na Senerali Nyiricyubahiro. Inyuguti nkuru - Til na Nela - zizatinya kubera ibizamini.
Igice cya kabiri cya firime cyitwa "Harabura kubaho neza!". Imisoro idashoboka, gutotezwa kw'abahakanyi n'itegeko ry'ubugome by'umwami wa Espagne byazanye Umusozi ku ntoki, maze barera imitwe igerageza kwijugunya Abesipaga. Abantu nyamukuru hano ni til ulsspigel na gudzak Lamme, inshuti ye yizerwa.
Inyandiko yari ishingiye kuri Roman Charles de koster. Gufata amashusho ya firime yabereye mu mujyi wa Gdansk wo muri Polonye no muri Tallinn ya Porotoni, aho byashobokaga kwerekana neza ikirere cyategetse mu mijyi yo mu kinyejana cya Shonders. Amashusho hamwe na kimwe cya kabiri cy'umujyi umwuzure hamwe n'icyambu cy'Ubuholandi cyafashwe amashusho muri Jurmala, ku munwa w'uruzi Lilarip (Lativiya).
Isohora rya mbere ryamadosiye ya roman de koster yagarutse mu 1956 akirukanwa mu Bufaransa no mu Buholandi n'umuyobozi w'Ubuholandi, Jooris Ivenz. Inshingano zikomeye zakozwe n'Abafaransa: Tille Ulenzpigal yakinnye umukinnyi wa Piripo, kandi inshuti ye Lamme - Jean Karma.
Ishusho ya Tila Ulenenspider yahumekeye abanditsi n'abahitizi. Muri 90 z'ikinyejana cya makumyabiri, itsinda ryabantu b'Abarusiya ryabayeho, ryafashe izina ryintwari nkizina. Itsinda "Til Ulenshpigel" ryakoze ballads "hamwe nuburyohe bwo hagati" kandi butandukana mu 1999. Abahoze ari abahanzi muri iyi kipe yinjiye mu itsinda ryambere ryitsinda rya Misno izwi. Muri bo harimo Helavis (Natalia O'shov), iyo igice cya "til" cyatangiye umwuga wa muzika.
Mu 1985, abahimbye Nikolai Karetnikov na Pavel Lungin barangije akazi kuri opera "til ulenenspigal". Opera yashyizwe bwa mbere mu Budage ku cyiciro cy'inzu ya Bielefeld Opera mu 1993. Mbere y'ibyo, mu 1988, handitswe inyandiko yanditswe muri USSR, aho yatwarwaga na boris kudryavtsev.
Amagambo
"Ivu rya Clasa ryakomanze mu mutima wanjye." "Ntabwo ntaho kubera, byeri n'inzuku, ahubwo ni ku bw'ubwisanzure! Ntabwo ari inda yibibyimba ikiza igihugu cyabo, kandi ubutwari bwine. Kandi kubera ko bikozwe nabi kugeza gupfa kw'urupfu "." Ntibikenewe ko upfa "." Nta mpamvu yo kuzamura ibyateganijwe, kuko ntakindi cyiza kuruta kuzerera no kwihanganira inshingano zo kwihitiramo! "Filime "Umugani wa Tile" (1976)
"- Niki kigenewe umunwa wijimye? Ulsspigel. "Uyu ni igitambo cy'ubuzima bwubatse," Ati: "Yumye ava mu gahinda, nka pome mu mashyiga, iyo bidashyigikiye imbaraga zikomeza ibiryo."Charles De Bosier, "Umugani wa StillenspiGel"