Ubuzima
Kuva munsi yikaramu yumwanditsi w'Ubudage Ernst Gofman, ibitabo byo kubanziriza hamwe n'ibitabo byatewe n'amashusho ya Gothique. Umwana we Tsakhs ni mubi kandi utagira ikinyabupfura, ariko ufite impano idasanzwe, kandi ibinyobwa bibabaje birahatirwa kuboroshya inama. Hamwe na canrive nziza yinkuru, Hoffman yari azi gukora imigani myiza, yumvikana, ariko ntabwo ari kubana na gato.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ernst Theodore Wilhelm Gofman yavutse ku ya 24 Mutarama 1776 i Konigsberg, muri Prussia y'Uburasirazuba (ubungubu - Kalinged, Uburusiya). Mu muryango wa Christopher Ludwig Hoffman na Alberna Daffer, umuhungu abaye nyuma y'abana batatu.
Nyuma yimyaka 2 havutse kuvuka kwa Hoffmann, ababyeyi bato baratandukanye. Christop, utoranya mwene John Ludwig, yagiye mu karere k'urukundo (ubu - Chernyakhovsk, umujyi uri mu karere ka Kalinged), maze nyina na Ernigsberg. Umuhungu wo hagati yapfuye akiri muto.
GOFMman yerekanye impano nini kumikino kuri piyano, kwandika no gushushanya, ariko iterambere muri ubu buhanga ntiriteganijwe - ikigo cyaragezeho ubumenyi bwimbitse kubitekerezo byubuhanzi nibitekerezo bishya bya Prussia .
Mu 1781-1792, umuhungu yiganye mu ishuri rya Lutherani rya Burgschule. Umuhungu yigenga yize umurimo wa Schiller, Goethe, yihuta, agarura, rousseau na jean.
Hafi ya 1787, Ernst yatumye inshuti zifite Inshuti na Theodore Gotlibon Backgrol, mu munyapolitiki uzaza wamumenyesheje Imanweli Kant n'umurimo we. Mu 1792, Gofman yumvise ibiganiro byinshi bya filozofiya.
Kurema
Mu myaka ya 1790, umwanditsi yiyejeje byinshi: Ubwa mbere muri Glogow, hanyuma muri Dresden, aho Gofman yakubise amashusho ya Rafael na Correggo, hanyuma i Berlin.
Mu murwa mukuru wubudage, umusore yabanje kubanza kuba uwahimbye. Yanditse iya porogaramu "apfa Maske". Sangira impano ye ya Hoffman yashyize hamwe na Louise, Umwamikazi Prussiya. Ukuri gushimishije: Mugenga aramusubiza. Nagiriye inama yo kwerekeza ku muyobozi w'ikinamico ry'umwami, ku byifuzo byayo byari bimaze kwitegura gufata akazi. Ernst ntiyabonye igisubizo gitanga ikizere - yagiye muri pozen (ubu ni Poznan, Polonye).
Bwari ubwambere muri biografiya ya Hoffman, igihe yari kure ya bene wabo. Umusore yatangiye kuba ingingo "umuyobozi w'ishuri, abapadiri, nyirarume na nyirasenge bahamagara ubumuga" - amagambo y'ubwibone ubwe. Ubusambanyi ni uko Umudage yahujwe cyane no guhanga, ariko usuka, ntabwo ari aya masomo.
Mu 1802, kuba ku mupira, Hoffman ukomoka mu ndambi yashushanyijeho amabara ya karicature y'abakozi ba Prussian. Ntabwo bimaze kuba abasore ibishushanyo byatandukanijwe nabashyitsi. Iyo umwanditsi yamenyekanye, ibirego byaguye muri Ernn. Abategetsi ba Berlin bamenyereye ivuka rya Hoffman, ntibakemuye igihano cy '"umugizi wa nabi", ahubwo twoherejwe ku murwa mukuru wa Polonye).
"Ubuhungiro" bwatebuje ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bw'umwanditsi. Mu makarito, yipimishije, arohama mu cyondo hafi y'abaturage batize. Nyamara, irembo ryakurikiranwe na Hoffman mu myaka yo kuguma muri Plock, ryagize ingaruka nziza mu guhanga. Umudage yohereje inyandiko ze ku ruhame rw'ubuvanganzo mu rupfu Freimütüthuge ikinyamakuru. Nubwo nta na kimwe mu mirimo 14 yahawe igihembo gikomeye, yahawe igihembo gikomeye, yakuweho amafaranga 100 Friedrichsders (ibiceri bya zahabu) ku mikorere ifite impano.
Mu 1804 yakiriye umwanya i Warsaw. Mu nzira, ERNS yarebye Königsberg. BYINSHI mu mujyi kavukire, umwanditsi ntiyagize amahirwe ahagije.
Imyaka yamaze muri Polonye, Hoffman yamenye ko yishimye cyane. Hano yahuriye ejo hazaza he Jalius Edward Hitzig. Yagizwe na sosiyete y'ubuvanganzo "Inyenyeri zo mu majyaruguru", numvise mu bitabo. Byari hitzig wamenyereye na Hoffman hamwe na Ovisa, Teak, Teak, Ahima von Arima n'abandi banditsi b'Abadage bagize ingaruka zikomeye ku mutwe.
Abahumekewe no gukundana nabantu bafite ubuhanzi, umusore wo kwandika igare ringstil "abacuranzi beza" (1804) ku ndirimbo za Klemens. Ku gifuniko cy'uwahimbye bwa mbere yakoresheje izina rye - Ernst Theodore Amadustol Hoffman, cyangwa E. T. A. Gofman. Izina rya Amadeus, Ikidage cyashyizwe mu mutwe wa Maestro ya Maererth.
Ibyishimo by'umusore ntibyatinze - mu ntambara ya 1806, mu gihe cy'intambara ya Napoleon, ingabo za Napoleon zafashwe na Warsaw, na Bureacrats za Prussian zabuze akazi. Hoffman yari muri Berlin yigaruriwe. Yari ashonje, yirimbi ku muryango, kandi muri ibyo bihe, kimwe mu bikorwa bye by'umuziki byavutse - "bitandatu bitandatu". Nyuma, umwanditsi azitirirwa kuri Johannes Claysler, Intwari nyamukuru ya advel "itara injangwe muri injangwe".
Ubwumvikane bwubuvanganzo bwa Hoffmann bwabaye mu 1809 hamwe no gutangaza igitabo cya mbere "Cavalier Glitch". Nk'uko umugambi, umugabo bivugwa ko umugabo ahura n'isi yahimbye Christopher Willibald Glitka. Uyu murimo ni uguha agaciro ingingo ya Jean Umwanya "Doppelganger", mubitabo byigihe cyurukundo bisobanura "imiterere yijimye".
Kuva irekurwa rya "Caval Glitka" mu murimo wa Gofman, ibihe bya zahabu byaje. Muri 1814 hari inkuru "inkono ya zahabu", inyandiko ya opera "unina irangiye. Muri icyo gihe, umwanditsi yatangiye kwandika "Elixir Satani" (1815), wita "Elixir y'ubuzima" - yizeye ko icyiciro cyo gutsinda kizabona inyungu. Ibyiringiro byagaragaye kubikwa. Inkuru ngufi zegeranijwe mu gukusanya "fantasy mu buryo bwa Callo" zatewe inkunga na sosiyete.
Ati: "Inenge n'imbeba n'imbeba. (1816), basanze nkumugani kubana bagize inshuti, babaye umurimo wumuco. Icyemezo - Ballet ya Petra Tchaikovsky, firime nini na animasiyo.
Umugani uvuga kubyerekeye igikinisho gito umuntu ushobora kumira imbuto zikomeye. Umunsi umwe, umukobwa wa Marie watanze ibinyomoro, yitegereza ishusho yumuntu wintambara yimbeba. Biragaragara ko ibinyomoro ari umusore wuzuye imbeba yumwamikazi. Kugarura isura yabanjirije, akeneye gutsinda umwami no gushaka umudamu we mwiza.
Inkuru yerekeye ibinyomoro ibereye gusoma abana, bitandukanye nindi mahano yimirimo ya Hoffman. Urugero, mu cyegeranyo "Ijoro EtUdes" yakusanyije imyizerere y'amayobera: "Umugabo wa Sandy", "Umugabo wa Yesuit mu mujyi".
Mu 1819, "ibibi kandi bymetical" babysakhs, ku izina rya zinnober "yavutse. Nyuma yurusane rwibihe byiza, uhagaze kureka kudatungana kwa TWAKFHASA. Ibinyuranye nibyo - Ibitekerezo bye bibi bisa nkaho bitangaje, urwenya rukomeye - kugendera ubwenge. Uwahoze ari Thahsa reba umunyeshuri Balthazar n'abandi bantu bahanga.
Balthazar akundana na Candida, umukobwa w'intiti. Imirasire, isobanukirwa ibyifuzo byumusore, bishimisha ikintu cyose ukekwaho kuba umukobwa. Kugira ngo wirinde ikosa ryica, Balthazar yifatanije no kurwanya Tsakhs.
Muri 1819, umubumbe wa mbere wa "gucana injangwe muri" byagaragaye. Iyi nkuru ikorwa ku nyamaswa, aba mu gikari cya Johannes Kreisler. Rimwe na rimwe, ibice ntacyo bihuriyeho nibirimo ni byiza. Biragaragara ko injangwe iri mu rutoki rw'ifu yaremye yakuye impapuro kuva mubuzima bwa nyirubwite - uwahimbye cyane.
Amashusho yinyuguti nkuru ya autobiografiya: Craisler ari Hofman ubwe, kandi mura ni injangwe yumwanditsi witangiye igitabo. Inyamaswa yapfuye azize indwara munsi yubunini bwa kabiri. Mu gusoza, igitabo kigira kiti:
"Murract Murracle, inoze, yabereye muri Murra, muri Filozofiya, muri filozofiya y'injangwe mu rwego rwo hagati y'ubuzima bwe buhebuje bwateye urupfu rudadiya."Umubumbe wa kabiri wasohotse mu 1821.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu 1794, Hoffmans yatangiye igitabo gifite umuswa uhenze, umugore wubatse watanze amasomo yumuziki. Hari mu myaka 10, mfite abana 6. Muri Gashyantare 1796, umuryango wa Ernst warwanye n'urukundo rw'Umwana kandi bivugwa ko na Ernst kugeza umugambi mwiza wa Glogow.
Ahagana mu 1801, umugabo yafashe Marianna kumugore we Mikhalin gutontoma amazina masha. Nyuma yimyaka 4, ubuzima bwabo bwivuye ku mutima bwahungabanyije kuvuka k'umukobwa wa Cecilia. Ubuzima bwe bwari bugufi - umwana yapfuye afite imyaka 2.
Mu 1810, kuba umugabo wubatse, umunyeshuri wumusore Julia yakundanye na Julia. Ibyiyumvo by'Abajefman byari bigaragara ko ababyeyi bihutiye guha umukobwa kurongora, kandi ku Mana, umwanditsi yenye azanaga amanota ubuzima. Igitabo cy'Igitabo cyatangajwe mu gitabo "Don Juan" (1813).
Urupfu
Mu 1819, ubuzima bw'umwaka wa Hoffman w'imyaka 43 yarangiritse. Ingorane zubuzima zahinduye umuntu ufite impano umusinzi, Syphilis yateje intege nke z'ingingo, kandi kuva mu ntangiriro za 1822 - kumugara ku ijosi. Nubwo byari bimeze bityo ariko, ntikomeza kurema: yategetse umurimo we wa nyuma umugore we cyangwa umunyamabanga we.
Muri icyo gihe, Hoffman yarwanye n'imvune z'ubucamanza. Muri iki gitabo "Umwami wa Bloch" (1822) umwanditsi yari afite uburangare bwo gushaka ko karitature kuri Komiseri wa Kampete.
Igihe umuyobozi wa Komisiyo batazi batazi amatara, yashyizweho n'umwami wa Prussia na Friedrich Wilhelm III, yahisemo kwihorera kuri Hoffman, ni ukuvuga ko umufata. Umwami ategeka kwandika umwanditsi w'igitugu, kandi "Roma Fleas" azaba asuzumwe.
Ernst Gofman yapfuye avuye muri Syphilis ku ya 25 Kamena 1822 afite imyaka 46. Imva iherereye ku irimbi rya Yeruzalemu rya Berlin. Ku mva yerekanaga izina ry'umwanditsi akivuka kandi na Retalia:
"Umujyanama w'urukiko, umujyanama w'urukiko, mwiza mu kuvuga neza, umusizi, umucuranzi, umuhanzi, yeguriwe inshuti ze."Amagambo
Ukurikije ibyo nzi kandi soma kubyerekeye urukundo, mubyukuri, ubwoko bwindwara zo mumutwe, mubwoko bwabantu bugaragarira mu gufatwa bidasanzwe; Bafata ikiremwa rwose kuko mubyukuri aribwo; Kurugero, busanzwe bwa BBW igabanya ubushishozi bunuka, basenga imana. Rimwe na rimwe bavuka ku buzima bw'abatambyi. Ibintu byose bikunze kubaho mubuzima cyangwa muburyo bwiza gusa iyo azunguye Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwikinyabuzima. Haba hari ibintu byiza kuruta kunyurwa?Bibliografiya
- 1814 - "Ibitekerezo mu buryo bwa Callo"
- 1815 - "Elixir Satani"
- 1816 - "Intungamubiri n'imbeba n'Umwami"
- 1817 - "Amatwi Yijoro"
- 1819 - "Babysakhs, ku izina rya zinober"
- 1819-1821 - "Bavandimwe Serapion"
- 1819-1821 - "Amatara ya Cat Murra afite ibice bya biografiya ya kaperlmerister Johannes Craisler warokotse munsi yimpapuro"
- 1922 - "Mwami wa bloch"
Imirimo ya muzika
- 1804 - "Abacuranzi beza" (Zingchpil)
- 1808 - "Harlequin" (Ballet)
- 1809 - "Dirna" (Melodrama)
- 1812 - Aurora (Opera)
- 1816 - "UNAINA" (Opera)