Tari
Daga karkashin alkalami na marubucin Jamus Ernst Gofman, Littattafai masu kyau da litattafan hotuna suka mamaye hotunan Gothic. Jarumar Tsakrs tana da mummuna da m, amma ta mallaki gwanin ban mamaki, kuma m abin da ba shi da kyau an tilasta wa morcip na kwayoyi. Tare da mai ban tsoro canvay na labarin, Hoffman ya san yadda ake ƙirƙirar kyawawan halaye, tatsuniyoyi, amma ba da yara ba.Yaro da matasa
Ernst Theodore Wilhelm Gofman an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Janairu, 1776 a cikin Konigsberg, Gabashin Prussia (yanzu - kaliningrad, Russia). A cikin dangin Christopher Ludwig Hoffman da Albertina daffer, yaron ya zama na ƙarshe na yara ukun.
Shekaru 2 bayan haihuwar Hoffmann, matasa matasa sun watse. Christoph, dauko dan John Ludwig, ya tafi insterburg (yanzu - Chernyakovsk, birni a cikin yankin Köningrad ya ci gaba da kasancewa a Köningrad. Dan wasan ya mutu a cikin jaraba.
Gofman ya nuna babban fasaha don wasan a kan Piano, rubutu da zane, amma ci gaba a cikin waɗannan ƙwarewar ba a hango shi ba - wanda bai kai ƙwarewar ilimi ba game da siffofin gargajiya na fasaha da kuma sabon dabarun fasaha na prussia .
A cikin 1781-1792, Yaron ya yi nazarin shi a makarantar Lutheran ta Burggschule. Yaron wanda ya yi nazarin aikin Schiller, Goethe, da sauri, tsananin zafin, Rousseau da filayen Jean.
Kusan 1787, Ernst sanya abokai tare da Theodore Gotelon Bango, a nan gaba mai zuwa nan gaba wanda ya gabatar da shi ga Immanuel na Immanuel na Immanuel na Immanuel na Immanuel A cikin 1792, Gofman ya saurari lakunan da aka yi wa mala'iku da yawa.
Halitta
A cikin 1790s, marubucin ya koma da yawa: Da farko a drgow, sannan a Dragow, a inda Gofman ya buge zane-zanen Rafael da Cateing, sannan a Berlin.
A cikin babban birnin Jamus, saurayin ya fara ƙoƙarin kansa a matsayin mawaki. Ya rubuta Poperetta "mutu maske". Raba baiwa ta Hoffman tare da Louise, Sarauniya Prussia. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Mai ba da amsa ya amsa. Na shawarce na koma ga Daraktan gidan wasan kwaikwayon na sarauta, wanda a kan shawarwarin ya riga ya shirya don daukar aiki. Ernst bai sami amsa mai kyau ba - an tafi da shi a Poznan, Poland).
Wannan dai shi ne karo na farko da ke cikin tarihin rayuwar Hoffman, lokacin da ya kasance daga dangi. Matashin ya fara zama batutuwan "Wane ne Shugaba na Makarantu, Firistoci, kawuna da Aunt suna kiran depraved" - ambaton marubucin kansa. Daguechery shine Jamusanci ya danganta shi da kerawa, amma ba da ilimi ba, ba ilimi.
A cikin 1802, kasancewa a kan kwallon, Hoffman daga tsananin sha'awar motocin Carirmate na jami'an Prussian. Abu ne wanda ba shi yiwuwa ga samarin sun raba zane-zanen. Baƙi sun rabu da ɗakuna. Lokacin da aka sami labarin marubuci, korafi sun faɗi cikin Ernst. Hukumomin Berlin waɗanda suka saba da haihuwar Hoffman, ba su magance hukuncin "mai laifi" ba, maimakon haka an ambata an yi mana alama (tsohuwar Poland).
"Tsara" ya kawo lafiyar kwakwalwa na marubucin. A cikin majigin yara, ya nuna kansa, nutsuwa a cikin laka kusa da mazaunan da ba a san su ba. Duk da haka dai ƙofar Hoffman, wanda a cikin tsawan shekaru suka ci gaba da shekara a lokacin zamansu a cikin shekaru. Jamusanci ya aika da bayanin martaba a kan gasar a cikin gasar Die Freimthige. Ko da yake ba wannan aikin 14 da aka baiwa babban kyautar ba, an cire Hoffman 100 friedrichsdors (tsabar kudi) don aikin kware.
A cikin 1804 ya sami matsayi a Warsaw. A kan hanya, Ernst ya dube a königsberg. More a cikin birni na gari, marubucin bai yi sa'a ba.
Shekaru suka kashe a Poland, Hoffman fahimci mafi farin ciki. Anan ya sadu da batunsa nan gaba Julius Edward Hitzig. Ya kunshi a cikin al'ummar 'Arewa Ta Arewa ", ta fahimci a cikin littattafan. Hitzig wanda ya san Hoffman da Hoffman tare da aikin Novissa, Ludwig Teak, AHIMAKA VON Arrima da sauran marubutan Jamusawa da suka sami tasiri a kan syllable sa.
Ya yi wahayi zuwa ta hanyar Dating tare da mutanen Art, Matasa yana ɗaura da waƙoƙin Bike zingstil "mawaƙa" (1804) akan waƙoƙin BreMens Brentano. A kan murfin mawaki a karo na farko yayi amfani da fseyarm - kuskure da Amadeus Hoffman, ko E. T. A. Gofman. Sunan Amadeus, Jamusanci an ware a ƙwaƙwalwar Maererth ta Maererth.
Farin ciki na saurayi ya kasance mai tsawo - a Nuwamba 1806, yayin yaƙin na Haɗin kai na Haɗin kai, da kuma Warsasar ta Napulaon sun kama ayyukan NapoleAw, da sojojin Napolea suka rasa ayyukansu. Hoffman ya kasance a cikin Berlin ya mamaye. Yana jin yunwa, ya mutu a kan iyali, kuma a cikin wadannan yanayi yana daya mafi kyawun kayan miya da aka haife shi - "shida shida. Daga baya, za a danganta marubucin ga Yohannes za su danganta Claysler, babban gwarzo na littafin labari "Mai watsa haske cat Murra".
A rubuce-rubuce na yau da kullun na Hoffmann ya faru ne a cikin 1809 tare da buga littafin Fasto "Cavalier Glitch". A cewar makircin, wani da aka zargin ya gana da duniyar da Christopher Wilbald Glitka. Wannan aikin kyauta ne ga sharuɗɗan Jean "Doppelggggerger", a cikin wallafe-wallafen na zamanin soyayya "duhu" mutum na mutum.
Tun daga sakin "Cavallar Glitka" a cikin aikin Gofman, lokacin zinari ya zo. A cikin 1814 babu wani labarin "tukunyar zinare", wata hanyar wasan yanar gizo "Instina". A lokaci guda, marubucin ya fara rubuta "Elixir Shaiɗan" (1815), wanda ya kira "Elixir na rayuwa" - yana fatan nasarar da sabon labari zai kawo riba. Fatan alheri ya juya. Gajerun labarai da aka tattara a cikin tarin "fantasy a cikin yanayin kira" jama'a sun tallafawa jama'a.
"Outcacker da linzamin kwamfuta" (1816), dauke shi kamar tatsuniya ga yara aboki, ya zama aikin al'adu. Ballan wasa na Petraikovsky, fim da yawa da tashin hankali.
Labarin ya fada game da ƙaramin abin wasan yara wanda zai iya haɗiye ƙwayoyi masu ƙarfi kawai. Wata rana yarinyar Marie wacce ta ba da wani abinci mai nutCracker, yana lura da hoto na yakin mutum a kan sarki linzamin kwamfuta. Sai dai itace cewa nutcracker matasa ne ya sanya hannu da linzamin kwamfuta na Sarauniya. Komawa bayyanar da ta gabata, yana buƙatar cin nasara ga sarki kuma ya sami kyakkyawar uwargidan.
Labarin game da nutcracker ya dace da karanta yaran, sabanin sauran ayyukan ayyukan Hoffman. Misali, a cikin tarin "uwan dare" da aka tattara mugunta mugun imani: "Sandy mutum", "Aliyan Jeit a cikin birni".
A cikin 1819, "The mummuna da Cynacal" Baby Tsakhs, a kan barkwanci na Zinnober "an haife shi. Bayan sautin Fairy, da ke kewaye don lura da ajizancin waje na Dwarf Tsakhasa. Akasin haka - mugayen sa suna da kyau, mai tsauri mai barkwanci - hawa brai. Tsohon Thahsa ganin wani ɗalibi Balthazar da sauran mutanen kirkira.
Balthazar yana soyayya da Candida, ɗan masanin 'yar. Freak, fahimtar sha'awar wani saurayi, ban ci da ake zargi da yarinya ba. Don hana kuskuren m, Balthazar ya yi yaƙi da gwagwarmayar tsak.
A cikin wannan 1819, farkon na farko na "hasken wuta cat Murra" ya bayyana. Ana gudanar da labarin a fuskar dabba, wanda ke zaune a farfajiyar gidan Johannanesler. Lokaci-lokaci, wurare ba su da wani abu tare da abin da ke ciki ana haɗa shi. Sai dai itace cewa cat a cikin mawuyacin gari mai ƙirƙira ya jawo shafukan daga cikin mai shi mai shi - mai m mawuyacin hali.
Hotunan manyan haruffa na Autoographaly: Criserler ne Hofman da kansa, kuma Murr wani ƙarar marubuci ne wanda aka sadaukar da littafin. Dabbar ta mutu daga cutar a ƙarƙashin girma na biyu. A ƙarshe, littafin ya ce:
"Mai hankali, abin kunya ne, falsafa da kideophical cat Murra a tsakiyar rayuwar rayuwarsa mai ban sha'awa."An buga girma na biyu a cikin 1821.
Rayuwar sirri
A cikin 1794, Hoffmans sun fara labari mai tsada mai tsada, matar aure wanda ya ba da darussi. Wannan shekara 10 kenan, tana da yara 6. A cikin watan Fabrairu 1796, dangin Ernst ya yi tsayayya da ƙaunar Sonan kuma an yi zargin Ernst zuwa kyakkyawar niyyar glogow.
A kusan 1801, wani mutum ya ɗauke Mariana ga matarsa Mikhalhin yin ruri don Mikhin Nickname. Bayan shekaru 4, rayuwarsu na sirri da aka keta haihuwar 'yar Cecilia. Rayuwarta ta gajarta - yaron ya mutu yana da shekara 2.
A shekara ta 1810, kasancewa mutum mai aure, alamar ɗan ƙaramin ɗalibi Julia ya ƙaunaci ƙauna tare da Julia. Jin daɗin gofman akwai a fili cewa iyayen sun hanzarta neman 'yar da za ta yi aure, kuma daga Allah, marubucin ya kusan ci da rai. Littattafan labari ne sadaukar da littafin "Don Juan" (1813).
Mutuwa
A cikin 1819, lafiyar lafiyar Hoffman mai shekaru 43 da haihuwa ya gurbata. Matsalar rayuwa ta zama mutum mai fasaha cikin mashaya, Syphilis ya haifar da rauni na wata gabar jiki, kuma daga farkon 1822 - Parcial ga wuya. Duk da wannan, kuskure ya ci gaba da kirkirar: ya ceta aikinsa na ƙarshe ga matarsa ko sakatare.
A lokaci guda, Hoffman ya yi gwagwarmaya tare da raunin shari'a. A cikin littafin labari "Ubangiji na Bloch" (1822) Marubucin marubuci yana da sakaci don sake kula da caricature a Kwamihon Kampetes.
Lokacin da Shugaban Hukumar Ba da diski na siyasa, Sarkin Prussia ya kafa Friedrich Wilhelm III, ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar fansa a Hoffman, shi ne ya kama shi. Sarki ya umarci marubucin tsawata, da "Fiye a fāɗinsa".
Ernst Gofman ya mutu daga Syphilis a ranar 25 ga Yuni, 1822 yana da shekara 46. Kabarin yana kan Kabilar Urushalima. A kan jirgin rushe ya nuna sunan marubucin a Haihuwa da kuma Regalia:
"Shawartan kotu, mai kyau a cikin maganarsa, wani mawaki, mawaƙa, da abokansa."Faɗa
Yin hukunci da abin da na sani da karanta soyayya, wannan, a zahiri, halittar rashin lafiyar mutum, wanda a cikin irin ɗan adam ya bayyana a cikin wani tsaka-tsaki na musamman; Suna ɗaukar wasu halittar duka saboda gaskiyar cewa hakika shi ne; Misali, wani yanki mai karamin karfi na BBW yana sayen kayan sawa, wasu lokutan da suka yi amfani da Uban da suka haihu a lokacin lokacin da ya tashi musamman mai gaskiya a lokacin lokacin da ya ɗaga wasu nau'ikan yaudara. Shin akwai wani yanayi mai daɗi fiye da gamsuwa?Littafi daya
- 1814 - Fantasies a cikin hanyar kira "
- 1815 - "ELIXIR Shaiɗan"
- 1816 - "Nutcracker da Murrushe"
- 1817 - "etwens na dare"
- 1819 - "Baby Tsakhs, a kan sunan barkwanci na Zinnober"
- 1819-1821 - "brothersan uwan Serepion"
- 1819-1821 - "Haske cat Murra's fitilu tare da guntun rayuwar rayuwar kupelemoretister Johannes wanda ba zato ba tsammani ya tsira a cikin zanen gado
- 1922 - "Ubangiji na Bilat
Moreical ayyuka
- 1804 - "Mawaƙa" (zingchpil)
- 1808 - "Harralequin" (Ballet)
- 1809 - "Dirna" (Melodrama)
- 1812 - Aurora (opera)
- 1816 - "Ininina" (opera)