Ubuzima
Ubwoba-insanganyamatsiko yamye ari ngombwa haba mubitabo no muri sinema. Abantu bakeneye guteza imbere amarangamutima ya adrenline kandi meza, kandi inzira yihuta ni ukujya muri sinema kuri firime iteye ubwoba cyangwa kugura igitabo gishya hamwe nibirimo. Nibikorwa nkibi hamwe nabanyamerika Robert Stein, yitwa "Stephen Umwami kubana ningimbi." Muri bibliografiya yumwanditsi wurubyiruko ukunda kwisi yose hari ibitabo bimaze kuba ibitabo 500, kandi umwanditsi ntabwo agiye guhagarara aho.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ubuzima bwa Robert Lawrence Stine yatangiye ku ya 8 Ukwakira 1943 mu mujyi wa Amerika ya Columbus Ohio. Umuhungu yatangiye kwandika inkuru afite imyaka 9 abifashijwemo na imashini ishaje yacapwe yabasanze. Mu ikubitiro, yahimbye urwenya n'inkuru zisekeje, kandi ntabwo inkuru ziteye ubwoba nyuma yaje kumenyekanisha umwanditsi.
Mu myaka yishuri, umwanditsi watsinze neza ntabwo yari umunyeshuri watsinze cyane, ariko yiyerekanaga mu kindi - Robert yari mu kibaho cy'ikinyamakuru cy'ishuri, yangizaga inkuru zisekeje kandi ahimba inkuru zigufi.
Se wa Steney yakoraga nk'umwanditsi mu bubiko, maze nyina aguma mu rugo kugira ngo arebe umusore Robert na barumuna be. Stein muri kimwe mu biganiro yavuzweho nk '"umwana wa mbere cyane," ati: "Umunyarwandakazi cyane," ufite ubwoba bwa mbere.
"Pinocchio y'umwimerere iranyerera ... aryama, ashyira amaguru ku ziko maze akayatwika!".
Muri kaminuza ya Ohio, Robert yari yibanze ku mpande nziza z'ubuzima. Yamaze imyaka itari mike, yahinduye ikinyamakuru cy'ishuri urwenya ". Nyuma yo kurangiza muri kaminuza hagati ya 1960, umusore yimukira i New York.
Ibitabo
I New York, Stein yakoze nk'umwanditsi n'umwanditsi. Amaherezo, yakiriye umwanya muri Scholastike, Inc, akorayo hejuru y'ibinyamakuru by'abana. Hagati ya za 70, umusore yaremwe n'ikinyamakuru gisetsa cy'ibitoki, hanyuma igitabo cyitwa Maniac. Mu gihe cye cy'ubusa, Robert yanditse ibitabo bisetsa kubana bise "bishimye bob stein".
Amaze kubura akazi muri Scholastic mugihe cyo kuvugurura isosiyete, Stein yatangiye kwandika igihe cyose. Yahinduye ubwoko bw'inyangamugayo, yandika inkuru ye iteye ubwoba yitwa "itariki mpita." Igitabo cyasohotse mu 1986 cyarakiriwe neza, kimwe no kugoreka kandi umwana-yicaye, yasohotse mu 1987 na 1989,.
Mu 1989, Stein yasohoye urukurikirane rwe rwa mbere rwibitabo biteye ubwoba ku rubyiruko, rwitwa "inyenyeri. Yasobanuwe nk '"aho inzozi zawe ziteye ubwoba zibaho," yiyeguriye amashuri yijimye yishuri ryisumbuye rya Haydiste. "Straha Streak" yazamutse ku manza 100, kubera iyo mpamvu, kopi zirenga miliyoni 80 zagurishijwe ku isi.
Inzitizi zizwi cyane kandi nini zibitabo Robert "Iteye ubwoba" (muri "Goosebumps" "ingagi") yabonye urumuri mu 1992. Inyandiko ya mbere yasohotse na parasute itangaza makuru ya Parachuste, aho umugore we Jane yakoze. Kubicuruzwa byambere byitwa "Murakaza neza murugo rwapfuye" byahise bikurikiza ibitabo bishya. Mugihe kimwe, Stein yanditse ibitabo bimwe cyangwa bibiri buri kwezi. Buri nkuru yuruhererekane rurimo cliffhengers itinyutse kumpera yibice.
Kubyerekeye "amahano" bidatinze yavuze nkibintu byubuvanganzo. Ibitabo byabaye amabere muri Amerika ndetse no mumahanga hanyuma byahinduwe mundimi 16 zitandukanye. Urukurikirane narwo rwahindutse urukurikirane, muri verisiyo y'Uburusiya rwiswe "ingagi".
Umubare munini uzwi cyane kumushinga wa tereviziyo wahindutse ikizinga muri umwe mu banditsi b'abana batsinze igihe cyose, yatangiye kugereranywa n'umwanditsi w'inyamaswa amahano y'umwami we Sitefano. Muri rusange, urukurikirane rwari rugizwe na 74 ibice 74 hamwe nigihe cyiminota 20 buri umwe.
Igihe cya 90 cyarangiye, "Filime ziteye ubwoba" zatangiye kuzimira. Muri 2000th, umwanditsi yasohoye urukurikirane rushya "icyumba cyo gutinya", muri buri gitabo cyibitabo byo kumurongo byatanzwe (abasomyi bashoboraga guhitamo intambwe ikurikira izakora intwari yamateka). Mu 2004, umugabo uvanze urwenya n'amahano muri "Ninde uzarekura abazimu?" - Inkuru yambere kuva murukurikirane rwinshi.
Stein yakomeje guteza imbere icyerekezo gishya, kivuga kuri vampire muri "busting" 2010 kandi kubyerekeye ubwoba bwabanyeshuri ba kera mu gitabo cya 2011 "Uyu niwo munsi wa mbere wishuri ... Iteka ryose!".
Nk'uko Robert abivuga, yahimbye imirimo ye mu rukurikirane - banza azanye n'ubwito, hanyuma iherezo kandi gusa ibikurikira. Umugabo ukora muri "studio yubuvanganzo", itakambitse na skeleton, isakopi nini na mask yo muri Afrika ifite ibisebe bikabije. Creepy Bentouran yemerera umwanditsi kwishora mukirere gikenewe. Ugereranije Stein atangaza ibitabo 7 buri mwaka.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Robert Stein yashakanye numwanditsi w'ubuvanganzo Jane. Umugore ndetse yabaye uwashinze igitabo cyo gusohora igitabo cyingimbi, yahumetswe n'imirimo yumugabo we. Yabanje gusoma kandi ahindura inkuru nshya z'abanditsi. Bafite umuhungu witwa Matriko, wavutse 1980.
Abashakanye baba i New York. Nk'uko umwanditsi abivuga, akunda uyu mujyi - Muri yo, muri we, urashobora guhura n'ibibazo byinshi nko munani nyawo utazabaho mu kwezi.
Stein numukoresha ukora urubuga rwa Twitter. Yavuganayo hamwe nabafana, ashyira ifoto mubuzima bwe bwite kandi akamenyesha inzira ye yo guhanga.
Ikintu gitangaje nuko Robert atizera ntazimuzi cyangwa izindi ngabo zindengakamere. Ariko, afite Phobiya yaguye burundu - uwanditse amahano atera ubwoba avuga ku mazi.
Robert Stein nonaha
Mu Kwakira 2015, urukurikirane rw'ibitabo "ubwoba" rwahindutse uburebure bwa Hollywood na Jack Blake mu ruhare rwa Stina. Inyandiko ya ecran yatsindiye imitima yabafana nabanegura firime, nyuma yafashwe icyemezo cyo kurasa gukomeza. "Iherror-2: Kuruhuka Halloween" yagiye muri ecran nini ku isi mu kugwa kwa 2018.
Noneho umwanditsi akomeje kugerageza ubwoko bwimirimo ye, ariko aracyafite ibitekerezo bihagije byinkuru ziteye ubwoba kubana ningimbi, bamwe muribo babonye urumuri muri 2019.
Bibliografiya
- 1989 - "Gishya"
- 1992 - "ifoto yica"
- 1993 - "Imitima Yamenetse"
- 1993 - "Umuvumo w'imva ya Farawo"
- 1996 - "Inkambi z'umuzimu"
- 1996 - "Bose Banduye"
- 1997 - "Umuvumo w'inyanja ikonje"
- 2008 - "Kwihorera ibipupe bizima"
- 2012 - "Imvura itukura"
- 2016 - "Umukunzi wapfuye"
- 2019 - "Kwihorera umuhungu utagaragara"