Ubuzima
Umuhanga mu bya shimiwe muri Soviet deorgor deorteov yari afite umunyeshuri wa Valery yari agize ishuri ry'ubumenyi bw'Abasoviyeti. Kugeza ibintu bimwe, izina ry'umuntu wari uzi abantu bake, ariko nyuma y'impanuka kuri Chernobyl Npp, ntabwo yasize umutwe wibinyamakuru nibinyamakuru. Yatanze umusanzu munini mu iperereza kuri aya makuba, ariko kubera urupfu rutunguranye kandi rutangaje, ntabwo yari afite igihe cyo kuvuga ukuri.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ubuzima bw'agashumba w'ejo hazaza bwatangiye muri Tula, aho yavutse ku ya 1 Nzeri 1936. Nyuma gato y'Umwana, umuryango wimukiye i Moscou, hari umuhungu akajya kwiga ku ishuri. Ababyeyi be bari abakozi boroheje, kandi Valeri kuva mu myaka ya mbere yo kwiga batanze ibyiringiro bikomeye, hamwe n'icyemezo cyo gukura, yakiriye umudari wa zahabu.
Nyuma y'ishuri rya Legsov, yinjira mu kigo cy'ikoranabuhanga cya Moscou yitiriwe nyuma ya D. I. Mendeleev (Noneho PCTU), ku ishami ry'abaganga, barangije neza muri 1961. Muri icyo gihe, yakoraga muri kaminuza imwe n'Umunyamabanga wa Komite y'Isi ya SBCMM, muri uyu mwanya yitabiriye ibarura ry'amasezerano y'umuryango w'ubumwe bw'Abakomunisiti, tekereza ku ngingo z'umuntu ku giti cye. Ibikorwa nkibi byagororewe kandi byandikwa komite yumusore. Muri iyi nyandiko, yateguye iminsi mikuru y'urubyiruko n'abanyeshuri, yahuye n'intumwa zituruka mu bihugu bitandukanye.
Siyanse
Legsov yize neza cyane ko ako kanya nyuma yo kurekurwa muri kaminuza yahisemo kwinjira mu ishuri ryangiza, kuberako yahisemo Ikigo cy'ingufu za kirimbuzi yitiriwe ingufu nyuma ya I. V. KANDChatov. Ngaho, umwuga we wahise urazamuka. Mu mizo ya mbere, umusore yakoraga nk'umushakashatsi muto, nyuma yigihe, yazamuwe ku mukuru, bidatinze aba umutware wa laboratoire. Ku ya 31, Valery Alekseevich aba umukandida, nyuma yimyaka 5, Dr. Ubumenyi bwimiti. Muri kiriya gihe, ibibazo by'imigozi myiza yize, kandi nyuma yiyi myaka 4 yakiriye ibihembo bya leta kugirango yinjire mu rwego rwo kwiga imiti.Undi muntu washyize ahagaragara ko umuhanga yakoze ubushakashatsi cyane - sisitemu yikoranabuhanga ryingufu. Mu kazi, iterambere ry'umugabo wunze ubukorezi, ikoranabuhanga na siyansi ndetse n'abandi bahanga bashizeho ubwoko bushya bwa lisansi, byahindutse intambwe y'ingenzi iganisha ku ishyirwaho ry'abakozi ba kirimbuzi. Kera cyane mbere y'impanuka muri Chernobyl, umuhanga yari ahangayikishijwe n'ibibazo by'umutekano mu nganda. Kubwibyo, imyumvire yumuryango wa siyansi yahuye kandi yaremye nigitekerezo cya zeru no kwemerwa.
Ku ya 45, Lemaces yatowega n'abagize Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubumenyi rya GSSR, bwatumye umuhanga muke w'Abasoviyeti. Ndetse na mbere yaho, akora mu kigo cy'ingufu za Atome yitiriwe Ingufu Nyuma ya I. V. Kurchatov, abaye umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe ubushakashatsi, mu 1984 yabonye ubwiyongere bw'umwanya wa mbere w'ikigo. Kuva mu 1983 kugeza kugeza igihe iminsi irangiye, umuhanga yerekeje mu ishami ry'ikoranabuhanga rya chimique na radiyochemie ku ishami rya chimique rya kaminuza ya Leta ya Moscou.
Impanuka ya Craynobyl
Mu mpera za Mata 1986, igihugu cyamenye ibintu biteye ubwoba - impanuka ku ruganda rwa kirisiti ya Chernobyl. Abantu ntibatekereje ku rugero nyarwo rw'ibi byabaye, nubwo Minisiteri y'ingufu yakiriye ibanga n'ibimenyetso byihariye byerekana ibisasu, umuriro, imirasire n'imirasire n'ibyango bya kirimbuzi.
Kugira ngo ategure kurandura impanuka, komisiyo yaremwe vuba ku munsi wa Boris Shrictbin, kandi Versigh Verry yagiyeyo. Nubwo yari umuganga wa kirimbuzi, umugabo yakoraga cyane mu bibazo by'umutekano, bityo akaba ashobora gufasha rwose. Kubijyanye nuko ibyago nyabyo byabaye, Umunyeshuri unyeshuri asobanukiwe ku bwinjiriro bwaho, abonye ikirere gitukura.
Kugira ngo imyanzuro nyayo ivuga ku gipimo cy'impanuka, kajugujugu yatangijwe mu kirere, ikazenguruka reaction yaturikiye. Kuva mu bushakashatsi, byaragaragaye - hariho iterabwoba ryo kongera guturika. Ntuzigere na rimwe, umuhanga mu batwara ibirwanisho by'abanyetwaro b'ingabo z'imiti bajyanwaga ibyabaye - kugereranya ibyago byo gusohora neutron.
Birashoboka, hanyuma yakiriye imirasire yambere yimirasire 100 x-imirasire. Nyuma yo gusuzuma reaction no gushima uko ibintu bimeze, Valery ashimangira kwimura byuzuye prifat, kugeza igihe serivisi zidasanzwe zageze, zitegereje ikipe idasanzwe iva muri Moscou. Mu gihe abaturage bavuye mu mujyi, Legsovov yateguye reactor batera imvange idasanzwe yo guhagarika ibyuka bya radiyo.
Benshi, barimo abanyapolitiki, basuzuguye ibyangiritse nigihugu cyimpanuka. Ku ya 5 Gicurasi muri uwo mwaka, umuhanga yavugiye mu nama ya Politikiburo kandi ahishura ishusho nyayo y'amakuba, kandi anashyiramo ibyifuzo byo gukuraho ingaruka mbi. Yatahuye ukuntu ingaruka zose zizana buri munota wo kuguma muri epiciceter, ariko yamaze amezi 4 kuri Chernobyl, yahishe ubuhamya bwa dosimeter.
Umunyeshuri ushinzwe ishuri ntabwo yashoboraga kwizera ko ubuyobozi bwigihugu adashobora kuba igisubizo cyihuse kugirango yubahirize ibisabwa mumutekano kubihingwa byihutirwa bya kirimbuzi. Byongeye kandi, ibitekerezo byabagaragarije muri Portmuro byateje uburakari bwa Mikhail Gorbachev. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, Legsov yagombaga kugaragara kuri IAEA i Vienne, byose byari bitegereje kwitonda, gutinya ibirego ku gihano cyo gushushanya igicu cy'ubujura kijya mu Burayi. Umuhanga amasaha 5 yakoranye na raporo kandi ntabwo yubahirije ibidukikije nubunini bwukuri bwamakuba. Izina ry'igihugu ryakijijwe, ariko kubera ko NPPS isigaye yatangiye guteza imbere imishinga mishya yo kurinda. Muri Amerika, Valeria yemeye umugabo w'umwaka.
Imikorere ya FAUNUZ ntabwo yakunze abantu bose, kubera ko gufungura no kuba inyangamugayo mu bindi bihugu, abo dukorana bahagaritse gushyigikira umuhanga, ndetse n'abahagarariye imbaraga bamugaragarije urwango. Byongeye kandi, umuntu ntiyigeze yemera gutangaza ingingo zitekereza ukuri kwuzuye ku mpanuka.
Muri siyansi, gahunda ye yo gushyiraho Ikigo cy'umutekano wa kirimbuzi nacyo nticyogishyigikiwe. Raporo zimwe na zimwe zagiye zivuga ko kurwanya inyuma y'inararibonye rusange hamwe n'abanyamakuru bamwe, Lemace yagize ihungabana, akurikije abiyahuzi banywa ibinini byinshi byo kuryama. Hanyuma arakizwa, kandi inkuru ntiyasohotse kumugaragaro.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ntabwo bizwi cyane ku buzima bwe bw'umuhanga mu Bumenyi bw'Abasoviyeti. Umugore wa Margarita Mikhaialonna kuva ku munsi wa mbere w'ubukwe yashyigikiye uwo bashakanye ku kazi. Abonye akazi ke kahoraho no kumenya guhangayikishwa, amuha ubushyuhe n'urukundo, yita ku mugabo we kugeza ku minsi yashize. Mu ishyingiranwa ryiza, abashakanye bavutse abana babiri - umuhungu n'umukobwa.Muri kiriya gihe, iyo umuntu yazimiye ku gihingwa cy'ingufu za kirimbuzi, atangira gutakaza ubuzima vuba, nyuma y'imirasire ya buri cyumweru, yaburanye umusatsi mwinshi, yaburanye cyane, yasaga cyane, asa nkuwarushye kandi ananiwe. Kuba yaranyigiye kuri bene wabo bijyanye n'ubuzima bwabo, amaze kubona amasaha abiri hamwe n'umugore we n'abana be (umukobwa n'umugabo we, gusa yakoraga muri Ambosade ya Sovuti aherutse gutangwa mu mahanga), ajya gushaka Pripyat.
Amateraniro yabo rero yatashye amezi 4 yakurikiyeho, hanyuma hashize indi myaka 1.5, umuhanga akora cyane kuri raporo n'ubushakashatsi. Uwo mwashakanye kugeza igihe abatashye bagumye hafi, babona umutima wumwuka numubiri, nkuko ashobora gufasha. Urupfu rwe rwabaye agahinda gakomeye Margarita Mikhailovna.
Urupfu
Mu mpera za Mata 1988, igihugu cyamenye urupfu rwa valer Lemace. Ibyago byabaye ku mugoroba wo kwizihiza isabukuru ya kabiri y'impanuka ya Chernobyl. Umunsi wabandi, umugabo yasubiye mu rugo avuye ku kazi, uwo mwashakanye abona ko atigeze asubiza abo mukorana, ariko ntiyabyitondeye. Muri icyo gihe, umuhungu n'umuhungu we babanye na bo. Bukeye, abantu bose bagiye ku kazi, asubira mu kiruhuko cya saa sita, asanga se yamanika. Ubwa mbere, verisiyo 2 zashyizwe imbere - ubwicanyi kandi uzane kwiyahura.
Nta nyandiko yo kwiyahura, ariko abashakashatsi bavumbuye amatsinda 5 y'amajwi hamwe n'inyandiko z'abahanga mu myanzuro yabo yerekeye impanuka kuri Npps, ariko bamwe muri bo barasiba. Abaganga bafashe umwanzuro ku mubiri no mu myifatire, bityo bakaba barerewe, bityo ntibazanaga ubundi buryo bwo kuva muri Leta ye. Nk'uko iperereza ribitangaza, impamvu yemeye gupfa yitwa kwiyahura.
Legsova yashyinguwe i Moscou ku irimbi rya Novodevichy. Aho kugira ngo ufungure ifoto isanzwe, imva ye iringaniye igishusho gihagaze ku ivi rimwe ry'umuntu waguye mu kibazo.
Kwibuka
Kwibuka umuhanga ukomeye, Filime zafashwe amashusho no kwandika ibitabo, byasohoye ingingo ziri mu binyamakuru.
Muri 2017, ingingo yerekeye umuhanga yiswe "Uburyo Lemaces yiciwe, wakoze iperereza rye bwite rya Chernobyl Catesrophe, yagaragaye ku rubuga rwa Moscou Komsol. Hariho ubuzima, kora ku mashanyarazi n'inkuru z'abantu ba hafi ku buryo bahuye naya makuba hamwe. Byinshi nibindi bitabo byaje kubaha ibitaruzi.
Mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro Valery Alekseevich, ishuri rya Moscou No 56 ryiswe, aho yiganye.
Muri 2019, byamenyekanye ko umuyoboro w'Abanyamerika HBO ukuraho urukurikirane "Chernobyl" ku mpanuka kuri Npps muri Prifanyo. Igihe cyose ibice 5 byateganijwe, igikorwa kitarakira nyuma yibiza, uruhare rufatika rw'amategeko akomeye, umukinnyi Jarer Jarer Harris yagize uruhare runini.
Ibihembo no ku mutwe
- Amashuri yishuri rya USSR
- Igihembo cya Leninsky
- Igihembo cya Leta cya Ussr
- Urutonde rwa Revolution
- Urutonde rwabakozi banneri itukura
- Umuturage w'icyubahiro w'akarere ka Tula
- Intwari y'Uburusiya (Yatanzwe nyuma y'urupfu)