Rimwe na rimwe, hari urumuri ruto ruri mu kirere, ruzimira vuba kandi rusigara ubwabo igitekerezo gishimishije. Abantu barabahamagara inyenyeri. Mubyukuri, ibi ni byo, ibisigisigi bya comet cyangwa asteroide, gutwika ku bwinjiriro bwisi. Ariko bibaho ko umubiri wo mu gahato ushobora gutsinda gaze ya gaze yisi ukagera ku isi, akaba umushyitsi utavuze mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana gishize.
Hafi aho kandi mugihe umushyitsi utunguranye kuva muri cosmo ya kure yaguye ku isi, hamwe nibintu bishimishije hamwe nibitekerezo, bihujwe nayo - mubikoresho 24cm.
Igihe n'aho Meteorite ya Tungusite yaguye
Imyobo ni iki? Inyenyeri zashize kandi zizaza
Ingoma y'Uburusiya, ikaba yabayeho mugihe cyabyabaye, pisine yumugezi wumugezi wa muruzi Tunguska mu burasirazuba bwa Siberiya - yari ihari muri TEBEORIITE ya Tungusi mu gitondo.
Ibirori byaherekejwe n'umucyo ukomeye. Abatangabuhamya basanzwe bavuga ko bavugaga impinduka mu ibara ry'imodoka yakubise ikirere - yabaye umutuku, hanyuma umuhondo, abazungu. Kandi abantu bari muri Radiyo ingaruka zidasanzwe zageragejwe nubushyuhe budashobora kubahirizwa, ugereranije nibyishimo iyo biri mu muriro ufunguye.
Ikintu kiranga
Ikintu gitangaje cyijimye cyinkomoko yinkoko, ibipimo byagenwe byamenyekanye, byinjiye mu kirere cy'isi. Mugereranije nibi, amajwi yumvikanye, bisa numugaragaro inkuba. Nk'uko Ivan Murzinov, umwe mu bagize Academy ya Cosmonautics. K. E. Tsiolkovsky, umubiri udasanzwe wari meteorite yamabuye, uguruka kumuvuduko wa 9 km no guturika ku butumburuke bwa km 35-45 uva hasi.Ingaruka
Nyuma yo kugwa kwa Meteorite no guturika byamukurikiye, byaberaga mu karere ka Taiga, aho nta midugudu yari ifite, habaye ijwi ritumvaga - mu gihe ingaruka z'umuhengeri uturika ku ngingo zitandukanye z'isi. Imbaraga ziturika zari zingana na mt 15-40 muri tNT zihwanye, zigereranywa nikimenyetso cyingufu zituruka ku gisasu kigereranywa cya hydrogène.
Ibiti by'amashyamba ya Taiga byari bimaze gushyirwaho imizi - ifoto nk'iyi yagaragaye ku gace ka Km urenga 2000 km ^ 2. Nyuma yibi, umuriro munini wavunitse, kandi nkigisubizo cyingaruka zumuhengeri rusasuye mumazu, ibirometero amagana biva muri epineri, yakomanze ikirahure. Iminsi mike iri imbere, guhera kuri Siberiya yo hagati no kurangirana na Atalantika, nijoro mu kirere, ingaruka nziza zagaragaye - ingaruka zihariye zo mu mpeshyi ishize, zirangira gusa mu mpeshyi.
Kwiga inkuru
Itariki yo gusobanura mbere ibyabaye muricyo gihe bifatwa nkibya 15 Nyakanga, mugihe igitekerezo cyo kwangirika kwa Tungus kubanditsi ba S. Kulegali byagaragaye mu kinyamakuru cya Siberiya. Yahawe iminsi itatu mbere ya "ubuzima bwa Siberiya" Inoti yumugenzi na elernographele Alexander Averyar AveniyaTer AveniyaRanova yari ashingiye ku mpamyabumenyi nyinshi kandi ntiyishobora kwirata. Ibyo ari byo byose, ingendo z'ubushakashatsi zatangiye imyaka mike gusa nyuma yo kugwa kwa Meteorite, mu myaka ya za 1920, ariko inzira yagiye buhoro buhoro.Kurugero, urugendo 1921-1922. Gusa ibisubizo byinshi bishya byatanzwe nabaturage baho byagezweho, byatumye bishoboka cyane ko habaho ahantu hagenewe kugwa k'umubiri w'isi, mu gihe nta gushidikanya ku kintu giturika. Bavuze kandi ikintu kidasanzwe cyagaragaye mu mufesa w'ishyamba - igihe bari hagati y'ibiti byakomeje guhagarara, gutakaza ishami n'amashami.
Amakuru asobanutse neza yagaragaye mu 1927: Itsinda ry'abashakashatsi ntiribonye ibintu muri Thoteorite Tungusite byari bikwiye gufatwa, ariko bivumburwa ibimenyetso by'imipira ya silicate n'imipira ya rukuruzi n'imigezi. Byongeye kandi, byashobokaga gushiraho ibintu biboneka kwisi, birashoboka ko bigeze mu kirere.
Nubwo kubura ikiruhuko, Minesralogue Leonid Kulik yubahirije Hypothesis Inkomoko ya Meteoric yikintu kidasanzwe. Ariko, nyuma yanze igitekerezo cyiki gice unyuze mu kirere cy'igihugu cy'umubiri w'isi ukomeye, wahisemo amahitamo ajyanye no gutandukana kwayo mu bice bito.
Hypothesis
Hariho hypotheses nyinshi zijyanye n'imiterere yo kugaragara k'umubiri wa Tungus, ariko nta gitekerezo kimwe kibi cy'abahanga mu bya siyansi bikaba ngombwa.
Ibikurikira ni umubare wibintu biboneka kubikorwa, bikomoka haba mubumenyi bwa siyansi no mu murima w'Impimbano:
- Abahanga mu by'inyenyeri z'ibihugu bitandukanye bemeza ko igihe comet cyategekwaga kutanyeta mu kirere cy'isi, kubera ko asterotid yo mu mabuye yashoboraga gukoreshwa muri menusk meteorite. Abahanga bemeza ko ikintu gifite ikibazo cyikintu cyari gitandukanye kandi cyakozwe numugezi wumuyaga.
- Mu myaka ya za 1940, Umwanditsi w'ibikorwa bikomeye by'ubuvanganzo Kazansev, asunika kure y'abatangabuhamya b'ibisasu bisuzumwa n'umubiri udasanzwe, bituma igitekerezo cy'ikintu kitari gisanzwe, ariko ubukorikori. Nk'uko byatangajwe n'umwanditsi, igitekerezo cya Tungusian ni ikimenyetso cyerekana uruzinduko rw'abahagarariye umuco ufitanye isano hageze ku bwato kugeza ku mubumbe wacu, ariko abahohotewe na standrophe.
- Mu 1965, abahanga bo muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika basabye ko ibintu by'umubiri wa Tungusse ukomoka kuri Tungusse warimo antimatter, umaze gukora ku mutego w'isi, ukuraho umwuka w'isi, warimbuwe. Byahujwe hamwe no kuba ingufu imwe, ntabwo basize ibimenyetso byose bigaragara.
- Imwe mu myumvire itangaje cyane ni uko Nikola tesla yakoraga irindi bumenyi, mu gihe yahisemo kohereza ingufu mu burasirazuba bwa Siberiya, ahitamo akarere kubera ubushakashatsi bugamije kwisumbanya. Birashimishije kubona umuhanga mumanota yambere yibitabo bireba mubitabo. Ku ikarita yo kumanikwa mu biro by'uwahimbye, ibimenyetso byagaragaye aho hantu ibintu bya Tungusion byagaragaye.
Filime, Indirimbo, Ibitabo bijyanye na menusite
Ibyabaye bifitanye isano no kugabanuka kwuburanga mu kintu cya Tungus Cingmic, ntabwo rwahaze gusa ubumenyi, ahubwo ni kimwe n'imibare. Mu nyandiko zabo zo mu buvanganzo, ibyabaye muri kiriya gihe cyagaragaje abanditsi Manuenov na Alexander Kazansev.
Abakuru ba ARCADI bavandimwe na barumuna ba Arcadia na Boris Stogatky, babasabye mu nkuru "Ku wa mbere utangira ku wa gatandatu". Hariho imvugo yerekeye icyogajuru wageze mu bundi buryo uherereye mu bundi umwanya ugenda utemba mu cyerekezo gitandukanye, ni ukuvuga nyuma y'isaha y'isaha yatsinze Ikimenyetso cya saa sita z'ijoro, ariko ntabwo "ejo".
Mu ndege ya sinemati, ibintu bya Tungus byavuzwe mu rukurikirane rudasabwe "ibikoresho by'ibanga". Mu gice cya Tunguska, bivugwa kuri virusi, yacukuwe n'abahanga mu Burusiya mu bice bya Meteorite yaguye. Abahagarariye muri cinema yo murugo nabo barakoze ku ngingo yikibanza kirimo gusuzumwa. Yuri Moroz mu gishushanyo kinini cy'uruzi rwa Ugryum - uruzi yarangije inkuru y'umugambi mu kugwa kwa Meteorite Tungusite mu Burasirazuba bwa Siberiya.
Abahagarariye inganda z'umuziki nazo na bo ntizinze ibitekerezo bya Tungus. Kurugero, muri imwe mu clisi yitsinda rya Metallica, inkuru isobanura amakimbirane yimpaka zidasanzwe ziboneka kuri meteorite, zifasha usss kugirango ugenzure rwose umubumbe.
Abahohotewe
Kwishingikiriza ku byemejwe n'abahanga bo muri kaminuza yo muri Amerika na bagenzi babo bo mu Burusiya, birashoboka kuvuga ko ikibazo cya Tungusky cyagize amahirwe ku bantu, kubera ko "umushyitsi ukomoka mu kirere, agabanya umubare y'abahohotewe - Ikarita yerekana ko habaye aho hantu hakuweho cyane ku kuntu imidugudu nini.
Abashakashatsi bakoze ubushakashatsi bunini mu biboneye ibyo byabaye - barimo abaturage bagera ku bihumbi bibiri. Byashobokaga gushyiraho ko mugihe cyo guturika mukarere gutsindwa, abantu 30 gusa ni bo babonetse. Benshi bacitse intege kandi bakomeretse cyane, bizwi byibuze abapfuye batatu.
Ahandi hantu haguye ikarita yisi
Mu kugwa kwa Tungus meteorite, hari byibuze ibintu bibiri.
- Tungulian Tunguska. Muri Kanama 1930, izuba rimaze kuba ritukura, ryatangiye kugwa mu ivu, isi yumvikane ubutaha, igihugu gihinda umushyitsi. Amajwi aranguruye yakwiranye na Km 240 avuye muri Epinji, bumvise mu migi ya Esperance na Atalaya-bakora amajyaruguru. Abaturage baho babonye ibintu byose byabaye nk'imyitozo ya gisirikare - nyuma y'iminsi itanu hashize iminsi itanu bagiye mu bumisiyonari wa Felile d'Fedoro mu kubaho kw'abanya Meteoro kandi ko aba baguye ku isi.
- Imodoka ya Vitimu. Muri Nzeri 2002, hafi y'umudugudu wa Mama Irkutsk mu karere, ababyiboneye babonye imodoka irabagirana, ibintu byari biherekejwe n'amajwi yihariye n'umukara. Dukurikije isubiramo ryababyiboneye, umubiri wari umaze kugereranya ukwezi kugaragara, kandi urumuri rwarwo mugihe kinini kimurikira ishyamba rya Taiga. Ku ifasi aho umwanya uhagaze, hashyizweho ibintu, ku rugero ruto, gusubiramo ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya Tunusky Pool.
Imanza zo kunyura mu mibiri y'impimbano binyuze mu kirere cy'isi ntabwo ari ingaragu. Kubwamahirwe, mugihe cyo kubaho kwumuntu, ibyo bintu nkibi ntibyaganiriye ku mababa yisi yose. Muri icyo gihe, Meteorite Tungusite, kimwe n'ingero nka we, garagaza: Abantu bagomba guhora bakomeza kuba maso, kandi abahanga bagomba gukurikiza umwanya wo gusa kugira ngo babone gahunda yo gutegura gahunda yo gutegura irinde iterabwoba ridasanzwe.