Ubuzima
Mikhail Chekhov - Umukinnyi w'Uburusiya, Umuyobozi n'Umwanditsi w'ikinamico. Igishushanyo cyo guhanga, cyakoraga kuri sisitemu ya Stanislavsky kandi itegura uburyo bwumwanditsi. Murwibutso rwabo, umuhanzi n'umuyobozi yasize amashusho menshi mu bitara no ku mabuye ya firime, ibitabo n'ibitabo bijyanye n'imiterere y'akazi. Chekhov ni inshuti y'abashinze Mkhat, bashoboye kugera ku gukundwa mu Burayi no muri Amerika. Yashyize aho akora ahantu h'ubutaka, abarimu ayoboye amahugurwa y'abahanzi b'ejo hazaza.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Mikhail Alexandrovich Chekhov ni mwishywa wa Playwright Anton Chekhov. Se w'umuhungu, nka mwene wabo, yakoresheje mu bitabo. Mu 1888, Alexander Chekhov yabaye umupfakazi na nyuma y'umwaka utaha yashakanye na guverinoma yakoranye n'abana be. Yamweretse umuhungu wa Mikhail.
Umuhungu yavutse 17 (29) muri Kanama 1891 i St. Petersburg no kuva mu bwana bwerekanye ibyifuzo byo guhanga. Ababyeyi barabibonye, kandi se yemera ko samuragwa we aziyongera n'umuhanzi ufite impano. Misha yose ishyira mubuhanzi butangaje. Mu 1907, yabaye umunyeshuri w'ishuri ry'ikibuga mu buvanganzo n'ubuhanzi. Igisubizo nyacyo cyabaye mu rwego rwo gukora amateur.
Abigisha bavuze ko Misha yatsinze cyane mumashusho comic kandi ashoboye kwerekana imico iranga. Kugira imyitozo yuzuye, umusore yabaye umunyamuryango w'ikipe ya Suvorin Theatre ya Suvorin, yakoraga igice cyumwaka. Mu 1912, uwo tuziranye na Kontantin Stanislavsky, Mikhail yakiriye ubutumire bwo gufatanya na MHT.
Ikinamico na Filime
Intwari ya mbere mu moteri ya Moscou kuri Chekhov yabaye Vaska wo muri Ivan Turnganav. Umuhanzi wa Nouvice yishimiye kugaragara nicyizere. Hanyuma yamenyekanye kubyerekeye gufungura studio i Mht. Kuva muri ako kanya, Mikhail yagize uruhare mu rubanza rwingenzi muri rubanda, hanyuma mu nshingano nyamukuru, kandi muri studio bayobowe na Evgeny Vakhtangov na Leopold Solerzhitsky.Mu 1913, umuhanzi yabayenza kuba imbere yimiryango yicyumba cya filime, ikora muburyo bwa Mikhail Romanov muri filime "uburyo butatu bwo gufata ingoma yinzu ya Romanov". Gukurikiza iyi filime yakinnye mumashusho 5 acecetse. Iyo ameze, yagiye muri studio kuri theatre y'ubuhanzi mu ishusho ya Freibe kuva ku rugamba "isi y'ibiruhuko", yakinnye Epodova muri "Cherry Ubusitani" kuri theatre. Mu myaka 2 iri imbere, umukinnyi yakunze kugira uruhare mubikorwa byateguwe na Stanislavsky.
1915 yazanye uruhare rwuruhare muri firime "kubaga" na "Cricket". Yagaragaje kandi aho urusyo ruva mu rukine "umwuzure", wagiye muri studio. Stanislavsky yatumiye Chekhov gukina umwihariko "mu kavukire" uzwi cyane mu 1916, ariko umuhanzi yananiwe, hiyongereyeho kwiheba. Imiterere ya psychologiya yumuntu uhanga ntibyari byoroshye gusobanura. Byongeye kandi, muri iki gihe, mubyara, urupfu rwe Mikhail rwahangayiwe maze rwiyemeza kureka uruhare.
Chekhov yakoraga nka sisitemu yo gukora umurimo, wabwirije muri studio ye, yashinzwe mu 1918 mu nzu ye. Stanislavsky ubwe yashishikarije aya masomo. Umukinnyi yatanze ingingo nyinshi aho isesengura ryuburyo buzwi. Umuremyi wa Mkhat yamenyesheje Malvolio mu rwego rwo gushyiraho "ijoro cumi n'ibiri" kandi ukina imico nyamukuru muri Eriti Xiv. Mu kubangikanye, Mikhail yigishije ubuhanga bwo gukora.
Chekhov yagize uruhare mu gushyiraho "umugenzuzi w'imideni" ya Stanislavsky. Xles yari afite isuzuma rishishikaye kubanenga. Abakinnyi birukanye abantu bahanga mu Burusiya n'Uburayi, amaze gusura ba mukerarugendo wa Lituwaniya, Esitoniya, Sloveniya na Repubulika ya Ceki.
Mu 1922, yazamutse ku kigo cya studio ya mbere ya Mhat, umwaka utaha yari afite imyaka 10. Umuhanzi Yongeyeho Hamlet. Premiere yakiriye isuzuma ridakwiye, ariko mugihe cya chekhov byari bigaragara. Yabaye umuhanzi ukwiye wo gukina amashuri. Muri icyo gihe, studio yambere yahinduwe icya kabiri.
Mu 1926, studio yagize amacakubiri. Chekhov yanze gusimbuka Alexander ostrovsky ku cyiciro cya "impyisi n'intama" mu gushyiraho ishyamba rya Alexei. Anatoly Lunacharsky yagize icyo akora. Itsinda ntiryashakaga gukorana n'ishyamba, kandi amasezerano na we ntiyashakaga kwaguka. Umwanya utoroshye wari inzitizi mu ruzinduko rwa Tour muri Amerika, itunganije Stanislavsky. Bitewe n'iburanisha, Mikhail Chekhov yabaye umuntu wenyine wabaye kuri studio abisabye ko wabaswe n'ibiyobyabwenge.
Kuba umutwe, ntabwo yanze ibikorwa by'ubuhanzi akomeza gufata umwanzuro. Mu 1927, Premiere ya Filime "Umuntu wo muri resitora", afatwa nkimbaraga mubintu bya cinematike yumugabo.
Gucukumbura uburyo bwa Stanislavsky, mu 1928 Chekhov yasohoye igitabo "Inzira y'abakinnyi". Muri icyo gihe, ntabwo ari ishakisha ryananitse ry'irari ryategetse mu kipe, yahisemo kumusiga, ariko inama yanze. Umukinnyi yafashe ikiruhuko gito kugira ngo bukosore ubuzima, kandi we ubwe yemeye kurasa kuri kaseti ya Troika w'Umuyobozi w'Ubudage wa Recohardt.
Yakinnye kandi muri "abahanzi". Noneho akurikira akazi muri firime "Kumenya Urukundo", "Umuzimu w'ibyishimo", "umuririmbyi w'umubabaro we". Nkumuyobozi, yashyizeho "ijoro rya cumi na kabiri" na "Gabima", kumenyekana mumahanga nkumuteguzi.
Umuhanzi yakoraga mu mahanga, yateguye gufungura ishuri rishinzwe gukora mu Bufaransa maze arema sosiyete y'inshuti z'abagenzi b'amahanga Chekhov i Paris, yakodeshaga icyumba cyo gukora. Basanze abaterankunga bashyigikira umushinga we mu buryo bw'amafaranga, ariko ibicuruzwa bya mbere byasaga naho ari ishusho yo guhanga bidashimishije. Yatangiye kumvikana n'ubufatanye na Riga Theatre Ikinamico y'Ikinamico y'Uburusiya, aho yatanze ikinamico nyinshi.
Esitia Chekhov yakoze byinshi mu mahanga mu mahanga - Lativiya, Lituwaniya maze ategura amahugurwa, asobanura abakora stnaslavsky. Yavuze kandi kubyerekeye icyerekezo cye cyo guhanga aho. Mu myaka ya za 1935, Theatre ya Chekhov mu buyobozi bwe yatanze ingendo muri Amerika.
Umukozi w'ikinamico yahawe ubutumire bwo gufatanya na Studio Danton Danton Darton maze abaho kuva 1936 kugeza 1938. Umwanya udahungabana mu Burayi utegereje intambara ku gahato umukinnyi uri kumwe n'abantu bameze nka studio ye kugira ngo bimuke muri Amerika. Ngaho, aho ari kure ya New York, yongeye gukora umuyobozi, ashyira umukinnyi wa William Shakespeare.
Mu gihe cy'intambara, Chekhov yahagaritse ibikorwa byo kwabaza maze ahindukirira cinema, akina na sibbons "ku ndirimbo" na "muri iki gihe cyacu." Mu 1945, Premiere y'Ikuntu "yarose" yatanzwe, aho Umuhanzi yakiriyetozwa na Oscar. Yakurikiwe na kaseti "Rost Rosi", "irarahira!" n'abandi.
Muri iki gihe, Chekhov yitaye cyane kuri Pedagogy. Yasohoye igitabo "kuri tekinike y'abakinnyi", yasobanuye icyerekezo cye cyo kubaho kuri stage. Yakundaga abakinnyi, muri bo na Marilyn Monroe. Umuyobozi yari umwanditsi w'ibikorwa muri theater ya laboratoire muri Hollywood.
Ibibazo byubuzima byahatira umuyobozi kureka Umuyobozi no kwibanda kuri pedagogy. Kuvuga ishuri rye bwite, yubatswe ku buryo bwa Stanislavsky, Chekhov yungutse akubye abakinnyi baba mu mahanga. Ukuri gushimishije: Sitidiyo yumuyobozi yagize uruhare runini kuri sisitemu yo gukora yuburayi.
Yibanze ku gushinga ikinyamakuru, psychotechnic y'umukinnyi no kubaho kwayo. Guhanga kwa CECHOVA byakiriye urutonde rwo hejuru muri Hollywood, kandi amafaranga yari ashimishije cyane. Impamvu yatumye ibi yakomeretse kandi mu kuba mu bayoboke ba Stanislavsky, bashoboye gukorana na Databuja.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mikhail Chekhov yashakanye bwa mbere mu 1914. Yatoye yari Olga chekhov, uzwi mu nkombe za Teatcal munsi yizina ryambere ryigitabo. Yongeyeho uwa kabiri nyuma yo gushyingirwa. Umukobwa yagize umwishywa wumugore wa Atea Chekhov.
Usibye umukobwa wa Okda, nta bana bari bakomoka ku bashakanye. Kimwe n'ababyeyi, umukobwa yahisemo ibikorwa byo guhanga, kuba umukinnyi wa filime. Ubuzima bwihariye hamwe na Olga ntabwo bwakoze, kandi Mikhail yasize umugore we mu 1917.
Ku nshuro ya kabiri, umugabo yahujwe no gushyingirwa na Ksenia tsiller, ikidage ku nkomoko.
Urupfu
Igishushanyo cya Teatical cyapfuye mu 1955. Impamvu y'urupfu ni ugukoresha Myocardial. Muri iki gihe, Mikhail Chekhov yabaga muri Amerika, bityo gushyingura no gushyingura Urn n'umukungugu wanyuze i Los Angeles. Imva ye iherereye ku irimbi ry'Urwibutso.Guhanga bikwiye kandi ibyagezweho Mikhail Chekhov byari mubyibanda murugo. Mu izina rye, yajuririye mu myaka ya za 1980. Sisitemu ya Chekhov yamenyekanye, kandi theater yaganiriye kuri par hamwe nuburyo bwa Stanislavsky. Ifoto Chekhov, kimwe na firime nukwitabira, urashobora kubisanga kuri enterineti.
Filmography
- 1913 - "Ingoma magana atatu z'inzu ya Rumanov"
- 1914 - "Iyo imigozi yijwi ryumutima"
- 1915 - "Cricket ku itanura"
- 1915 - "CAMON itunguranye"
- 1916 - "Urukundo rutunguranye kubusa"
- 1927 - "UMUNTU ukomoka muri resitora"
- 1929 - "Abazimu b'ibyishimo"
- 1929 - "JETER w'urukundo rwe"
- 1930 - Troika
- 1944 - "Indirimbo y'Uburusiya"
- 1944 - "Muri iki gihe"
- 1945 - "Gutegereza"
- 1946 - "Irlande Rosa Ebby"
- 1948 - "Texas, Brooklyn n'ijuru"
- 1954 - "Rapseody"