Chiphunzitso
Sofia Gameda anali mnzake wapamtima wa ndakatulo zasiliva zasiliva, matembenuzidwe asiliva, Librettto ndi zopereka za ndakatulo. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Safo chifukwa cha mawu operekedwa kwa oyimilira aku Russia a Russia ndi mamembala a zolembedwa.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Sofia Phaldi adabadwa mu Ogasiti 1885 ndipo anali mwana wamkulu Alexandra Abramovna Idelson. Chifukwa cha zofooka zofooka za amayi, chiyembekezo chamtsogolo cha ku Russia muubwana chimakhala nthawi zonse abambo osavala bwino.
Yakov Somonovich anali membala wa osanjikiza, wamankhwala ndi mwini wa pharmacle, adasamalira banja la banja. Mumzinda wa Taganrog, pomwe mamembala a myuda amakhala, panali mwambo wokhala ndi ana awiri kapena kupitilira apo.
Amayi a ndakatulo yamtsogolo adatenga pakati ndi mapasa, pambuyo pobadwa kwa Veli ndi Lisa, mabala awo adamwalira. M'dzikoli, kukhala wokhazikika, ndipo bambo ake atakwatirana, omwe anali atakwatirana, ndipo amene anali atataya katundu wake, anali akukula ndipo amakula pang'onopang'ono.
Olemba mabuku ake adadziwika kuti mtsikanayo adachokako kwa mwamunayo ndi mkazi wake wosakhumudwitsa. Amayi opeza sanalole ana ang'onoang'ono kuti azisangalala, masewera omwe amakhala mu malo ogulitsa mankhwala anali oletsedwa.
Valentine ndi Elizabeth anali ndi chidwi ndi ballet ndi mabuku, Sofia adasankha piano ngati njira yopewera mavuto. Ali mwana, iye adasokoneza zambiri, pepala la ferenz linali losavuta kwa iye mosavuta ku Masamumu.
Nditamaliza maphunziro ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi a atsikana omwe ali ndi satifiketi yabwino kwambiri, mnyamatayo adalekanitsidwa ndi kulowererapo ndipo adachoka kunja. Kuphunzira mu Conservatory kwa aphunzitsi otchuka amawonedwa m'gulu lachiyuda ngati kupanduka kwa makritambo.
Ku Russia, kachinyamata kakang'ono kakalephunzira ku Maphunziro a Exuzhevsky, omwe anali yunivesite ya atsikana azaka zosiyanasiyana. Judi Yotsatira adayamba kuyitanira Sofia, ndipo adayiwala Ethede kumayambiriro m'ma 1900s.
Moyo Wanu
Sophia Shamanna anali bambo wopanda pake wamfala, imfa ya mayi adamwalira adasiya chilonda pamtima. Mtsikanayo anatambalala kwa abwenzi ake, odekha, odzipereka, odalirika, komanso kusadana ndi amuna kunakwiyitsa bambo woipa.Achiringo achiroma a Platonic omwe anali ndi ndakatulo zaku Russian, motero adakwatirana ndi ma 1900. Vlladimir Profortein idawonekera m'moyo wake ku St. Petersburg, anali waluso, adasiyanitsa zikhalidwe.
Ukwati wa miyambo ya Ayuda sakanakhoza kuyimilira kayendedwe kalikonse, ndipo anthu aluso adasokonekera. Mu mzimu wa Sofia, momwe akumvera ndi chiyembekezo cha Pavlovna Polyakova, amateur caltal opera ndi zojambula zowala za Remaisasale zidanenedwa.
Kulandila Orthodoxy, mwana wamkazi wachiyuda adakhazikika pakati pa Russia, kuntchito ndidakumana ndi anthu angapo aluso. Oimba, wolemba, ma chenga, omasulira ndi ndakatulo amakhala kudziko lokongola, lodzala ndi zokhumudwitsa.
Masewerawa anali osiyana ndi azimayi ena omwe amakonda zovala zamphongo komanso mathalauza abwino amakopa Ambuye onse a cholembera. Zojambula za eccentric zokhala ndi masewera achidule a Herzhak-zhukovskaya, alendo amasonkhanitsa Mulungu pamalemba.
Pamodzi mwa njirazi, Sofia adawona mfumukazi: Marina Tsvetaeva adawonedwa ngati nyenyezi ya Moscow nthawi imeneyo. Olemba ndakatulo poyamba adazindikira momwe mnzake amaganizira, abwenzi achikondi otchedwa misala.
Wokhala ku likulu lodzipereka ku ndakatulo ya Chiyuda, "bwenzi" nthawi yomweyo adapempha kudzipereka ndi mkwiyo. Amayi a Ewsterpe 2 Zaka "adapirira wina ndi mnzake", koma kenako adathetsekabe, palibe gamu lililonse lililonse.
Mu tandem, Marina anali "wotchuka", ndipo, ngakhale kuti wachikazi, ndipo, akapolo, akapolo, akapolo, anali otsika kwa iye m'zonse. Chifukwa cha ubale wamoto, anzathu ambiri adavulala, Sergey Efron adavulala kwambiri m'malingaliro.
Mu diaries Tsveaeva, mawonekedwe opita ku Sofia amasungidwa, pafupifupi momwe panthawi yolekanitsirana adapitako kumadera awo. Chifukwa cha boma loti Gap linkawonedwa ngati banja lovomerezeka lazoyimira, lomwe, lomwe limatha ndi bukuli, lidatha kubwezeretsa.
M'tsogolomu, wosewerayo sanakumane ndi Actress Embilisi, azimayi anali akupita pamaonekedwe a Bolsheviks. Iwo anali osangalala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Crimea, nkhani yachikondi idatenga mpaka chiyambi cha 20s.
M'zaka zolemera za Hunry wa Wolemba Mabaibulo omwe anamasulira Faiva ranevskaya ndi abwenzi angapo apamtima. Ndi pulofesa olga Zuberboller adathamangitsidwa ku Moscow, poetes adakhala masiku ambiri osangalala.
Kusunga kwa nyumba yomaliza, komwe kunagwidwa pachithunzichi kuyambira pa nkhani ya mochedwa, inali Nina Vedeneev, katswiri wasayansi komanso wosemphana ndi sayansi. Amayi amakhala m'madera, kutali kwambiri ndi likulu la likulu, anthu omwe anali mbali yozungulira nthawi zambiri amakhala ku Kashin.
Chilengedwa
Kumayambiriro kwa ma 1900, masewerawa adaperekedwa kwa mphamvu ya ndakatulo, ndakatulo khumi ndi ziwiri imaperekedwa kwa bwenzi la Polikova. Kusamutsidwa, ma araks, ma plazzles ndi makonda achikondi anali gwero la ndalama kumayambiriro m'ma 1900s.
Kenako ntchitoyo m'magaziniyi idatchedwa "zolemba zakumpoto", komwe Sofia, pogwiritsa ntchito mawu a pseudo, analemba zolemba zotsutsa. Andrei Polyanin, omwe adayamika Osiyani, wazaka zapakati pa 1910 adasowa ndipo adakhalabe kuiwala.
Mbadwa, poyang'ana zakale, anapeza zolemba za Anna Akhmatova ndi ogulitsa ndakatulo "ogulitsa", woimira m'badwo wasiliva. Malinga ndi wolemba, osungirako zinthu zakale kwambiri za ku Russia anali ophunzira, chikhalidwe, wanzeru.
Munthawi imeneyi, soni sonnets yamimba ya ndakatulo nthawi imeneyi, ntchito ya "usiku Woyera" adachita chidwi ndi anthu angapo. Kupambana kwa magwero oyamba opangidwa kuti aiwale matembenuzidwe olemba, Sofia adafunikira nthawi kuti azigwiritsa ntchito malingaliro.
Marina Tsvetaeva adalimbikitsa ntchito ya ndakatulo zachinyamata - zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zomwe zidawoneka m'mabuku. Kusonkhanitsa kwa chopereka ku Petrograd panthawi yolerera ndi okondedwa ake kunatsegula ziyembekezo zabwino pamaso pa mkaziyo.
Kusinthanako kunaletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wokugwako, koma mabuku angapo anali osindikizidwabe mu 1920s. "Kukhala mu mundawo", "nyimbo" peiersia ", chifukwa cha mamoni achisoni, sanasangalale kwambiri ku Metropolitan Elite Elite.
Akatswiri a Soviet avant - akatswiri am'mimba a Eviet adabwera kubwalo la ndakatulo, wamkulu adadzudzulidwa ndi ndakatulo zazikulu zolembedwa. Kuzungulira "kwakukulu" kunawerengedwa pagombe lakuda, anthu omwe adathawa chipani cha Bolsheviks.
Malongosoledwe oyambilira a Libretto adadziwika kuti adadziwika poyera kwa opera a Opera Alma a Almo Opera ku Moscow therere. Wolemba Alexander Alexanders mothandizidwa ndi ndakatulo adawomboledwa nthawi yovuta kumverera ndi kuzindikira kwa anthu.
Mbuye wa mawu olemba koyambirira kumayambiriro kwa m'ma 1930s adapeza nyumba yovutayi, moyo wokhumudwitsa. Kuchokera pa ndakatulo nthawi imeneyi, osavuta anasowa, mizere yayifupi idataya chikhulupiriro m'chikondi.
Imfa
Malinga ndi nthawi ya anthu a nthawi, Sofia adadandaula za ululu mu mtima, koma bowa wapoizoni adawonedwa mwadzidzidzi. Kuyimba Imfa Yapafupi Kwambiri, munthuyo adalemba popanda kuletsa kusangalala ndi chisangalalo.Mu Ogasiti 1933, anthu ambiri adasonkhana pakuyambitsa kwa manda, manda akale. Boris Parternak, Vladislav Khodasevich ndi nyenyezi zina zofalitsa zidakhala olemba ma necrologic ndi zakale.
M'bali
- 1916 - "Ndakatulo"
- 1922 - "maluwa Peier"
- 1923 - "kutaya: mavesi 1922"
- 1926 - "Nyimbo"
- 1928 - "Mu mawu otsika. Poem 1926-1927 »