Chiphunzitso
Wodziwika M'dziko Lanyama lanyama Albert Einstein (zaka zambiri za moyo: 1879-1955) kudziwa ngakhale umuna woyenera, chifukwa dzina la munthuyu lakhala dzina la anthu ambiri.Einstein ndiye woyambitsa fizikisi pakumvetsetsa kwamakono: Wasayansi wamkulu ndiye woyambitsa chiphunzitso cha kuyanjana ndi mbiri ya ntchito za sayansi mazana atatu. Albert amadziwikanso ngati wolemba mabuku komanso munthu wapagulu amene ali dotolo wolemekezeka pafupifupi mabungwe makumi awiri aposachedwa padziko lapansi. Munthu uyu amakopa chidwi: Zowonadi zimati, ngakhale kuti pali nzeru zodabwitsa, sizinali zosagwirizana pakukwaniritsa zovuta zapakhomo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukhala chithunzi pamaso pa anthu.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Bizinesi ya wasayansi wamkulu imayamba ndi mzinda wawukulu wa ku Germany, womwe uli pamtsinje wa Danube - Awa ndi komwe Albert adabadwa pa Marichi 14, 1879 m'mabanja osauka a Chiyuda.
Tate wa nthano zamitundu ya Herman adapanga matikini amoto, koma posakhalitsa banja la Albert linasamukira mumzinda wa Mukulu. Herman, limodzi ndi Yakobo, mchimwene wake, adatenga kampani yaying'ono yogulitsa zida zamagetsi, zomwe zidayamba kupanga bwino, koma posakhalitsa sizinayime bwino.
Ali mwana, Albert amadziwika kuti ndi munthu pafupifupi mwana, mwachitsanzo, sanalankhule ndi zaka zitatu. Makolo amawopa ngakhale kuti chado awo sangaphunzire kufotokoza mawu atagwira ntchito pamene anasuntha milomo yake, kuyesera kubwereza mawu oloweza. Komanso, mayi wasayansi wa pa Paulina anachita mantha kuti mwana wamkati: mnyamatayo anali ndi mutu waukulu, ndipo agogo ake a Einstein ankangokhalira kuvuta kwambiri.
Albert adalangiza pang'ono ndi anzawo ndikukondanso kusungulumwa kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, nyumba zomangidwa. Kuyambira kalikonse, katswiri wamkulu wachita zoyipa nkhondo: Amadana ndi masewera achinyengo mu asitikali, chifukwa amayendetsa nkhondo yamagazi. Malingaliro awo kunkhondo sanasinthidwe ku Einstein ndi moyo wake wonse: adasokoneza mwamphamvu magazi ndi zida za nyukiliya.
Zikumbukiro zowala za luso ndi kampasi yomwe Albert analandira kuchokera kwa abambo ake pazaka zisanu. Kenako mnyamatayo anali kudwala, ndipo Herman adamuwonetsa iye chinthu chomwe chinali ndi chidwi ndi mwana: Kupatula apo, ndizodabwitsa kuti muvi wopalamula uja unaonekeranso chimodzimodzi. Katundu wachichepereyu adatsegula chidwi chodabwitsa kwambiri mu einstein wachichepere.
Albert pang'ono nthawi zambiri ankaphunzitsa amalume ake Yakobo, yemwe kuyambira pomwe anayambitsa Mdzukulu ku Science. Amawerenganso zolemba pa geometry ndi masamu, ndikuthana ndi ntchito yawo yanzeru. Komabe, amayi a Einstein Paulina adazunza makalasi oterowo ndikukhulupirira kuti kwa mwana wazaka zisanu, kukonda sayansi yolondola sikungakuvula chilichonse chabwino. Koma zinali zodziwikiratu kuti bambo uyu apeza zambiri mtsogolo.
Amadziwikanso kuti Albert chifukwa cha ubwana anali ndi chidwi ndi chipembedzo, amakhulupirira kuti zinali zosatheka kuyamba kuphunzira chilengedwe chonse popanda kumvetsetsa kwa Mulungu. Akatswiri asayansi wamtsogolo ndi chidwi adawona ansembe ndipo sanamvetsetse chifukwa chake malingaliro apamwamba a m'Baibulo amaletsa nkhondo. Mnyamatayo ali ndi zaka 12, zikhulupiriro zake zija adatsitsidwa m'chilimwe chifukwa chophunzira mabuku asayansi. Einstein anachita kudzipereka kuti Baibulo ndi dongosolo lotukuka kwambiri kuti lisamalire achinyamata.
Nditamaliza maphunziro kusukulu, Albert amalowa muunichi pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Aphunzitsiwo adamuwona ngati wotayika m'maganizo chifukwa cha chilema chomwecho. Einstein anaphunzira zinthu zomwe anali nazo, mabuku, mabuku ndi Chijeremani. Ndi Germany, anali ndi mavuto apadera awa: Mphunzitsiyo analankhula maso a Abert kuti sadzamaliza sukulu.
Einstein ankadana nawo ku bungwe la maphunziro ndipo amakhulupirira kuti aphunzitsiwo sadziwa kwambiri, koma amadzigonjera kuti chilichonse chimaloledwa. Chifukwa cha zigamulo zotere, achichepere Albert ankakonda kukangana nawo, motero anali ndi mbiri yopanda kumbuyo kwake, komanso wophunzira wopanda vuto.
Popanda maphunziro omaliza maphunziro ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, Albert ndi mabanja amasuntha Italy, Milan. Pofuna kulowa sukulu ya Zurich, wasayansi wamtsogolo amachoka ku Italy kupita kumapazi. Einstein adakwanitsa kuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino pa sayansi yomwe ili pamayeso, koma Albert yothandiza anthu idalephera kwathunthu. Koma mankhwala a Sukulu yaukadaulo anayamikira luso launyamatayo ndipo adalangiza kuti ayambe sukulu ya Switzerland Aarau, yemwe, anali njirayi, adawerengedwa kuti ndi abwino kwambiri. Ndipo Einstein m'sukulu imeneyi sanalingalire kuti anzeru.
Ophunzira abwino kwambiri Aara adatsala kuti alandire maphunziro apamwamba mu likulu la Germany, koma ku Berlin wotsika adavotera luso la omaliza maphunzirowa. Albert anaphunzira malembedwe a ntchito zomwe ziweto za wotsogolera sizinapirire, ndipo adawasankha. Pambuyo pake, wasayansi wamtsogolo adabwera kudzapereka kabati wa schneraider, akuwonetsa ntchito zosinthika. Albert adadzutsa mphunzitsiyu, ndikunena kuti amasankha molakwika ophunzira kuti akhale mpikisano.
Pambuyo pa kutha kwa maphunziro, Albert amalowa m'mabungwe a maloto ake - Sukulu Zurich. Komabe, ubalewo ndi pulofesa wa dipatimenti Imber Uber mu Genius wachinyamatayo chinali choyipa: Mafungo awiri amaluma.
Kuyamba Ntchito Yasayansi
Chifukwa cha kusagwirizana ndi aphunzitsi ku Albert Institute, adatseka njira ya sayansi. Anaperekanso mayeso, koma osati angwiro, pulofesa anakana wophunzira pa ntchito yasayansi pantchito yasayansi. Einstein anagwirapo chidwi ndi dipatimenti ya sayansi ya Polytechnic Institute, weber akuti wophunzira wake ndi wanzeru, koma samazindikira.
Ali ndi zaka 22, Albert adalandira digiri ya mphunzitsi mu masamu ndi sayansi. Koma chifukwa cha mikangano yomweyo ndi aphunzitsi, einstein sakanatha kupeza ntchito, kuwononga zaka ziwiri pakusaka zopweteka kupeza ndalama zopeza. Albert anakhala bwino ndipo sakanakhoza kugula chakudya. Mabwenzi ophunzira adathandiza kuti apeze ntchito patenti, komwe adagwira ntchito nthawi yayitali.
Mu 1904, Albert anayamba kugwirizana ndi nyuzipepala ya Anannala The Annala adayamba kusindikizidwa, ndipo mu 1905 wasayansi amafalitsa ntchito yake ya sayansi. Koma chisinthiko m'dziko la sayansi chidachita zinthu zitatu za fiziki zazikulu:
- Kwa ma elekinolodynamics a fumu, omwe amakhala maziko a chiphunzitso cha ubale;
- Ntchito yomwe idayika chiyambi cha malingaliro a seti;
- Nkhani yasayansi, yomwe idapangitsa kuti apezeke mu sayansi ya brownia.
Chiphunzitso cha kugonjera
Chiphunzitso cha kuyanjana kwa Einstein muzu kunasintha malingaliro asayansi, komwe kale kunali kokhazikika pamakinani a Newtonia omwe analipo pafupifupi zaka mazana awiri. Koma chiphunzitso cha Albert Einstein, adatha kumvetsetsa mayunitsi okha, chifukwa chake chiphunzitso chapadera chokhacho chimaphunzitsidwa m'mabungwe ophunzitsa, chomwe ndi gawo limodzi. Zokambirana zana za kudalira malo ndi nthawi kuchokera ku liwiro: Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa gulu la thupi, losokoneza kukula kwake ndi nthawi.
Malinga ndi zana, ndizotheka kuyenda munthawi pothana ndi kuthamanga kwa kuwala, motero, choletsa chilichonse sichitha kupitirira kuthamanga kwa kuwala. Kwa mitengo yaying'ono, danga ndi nthawi sizikupotozedwa, kotero malamulo akale a makina amagwiritsidwa ntchito pano, ndipo liwiro lalikulu pomwe kusokonekera kumadziwikanso kumatchedwa kusinthidwa. Ndipo uku ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la chiphunzitso chapadera komanso chofanana ndi chiphunzitso chonse cha Einstein.
Mphoto Ya Nobel
Albert Einstein sanasankhidweko pa mphoto ya Nobel, komabe, mphoto iyi pafupifupi zaka 12 yapeza mbali yasayansi chifukwa siowonekera bwino pa sayansi yonse. Komabe, komitiyo idaganiza zonyalanyaza ndikusankha Albert pantchitoyo pachiwonetsero chazomera, zomwe wasayansi ndipo adalandira mphoto. Zonse chifukwa chakuti kupanga kumeneku sikuli kovuta, mosiyana ndi, kupita ku Albert, ndiye kuti adakonzekera.
Komabe, panthawi yomwe telegalamuyo idachokera ku komiti yomwe ameyon adayamba kusankhidwa, wasayansi anali ku Japan, motero adasankha kupereka mphotho mu 1922 kwa 1921. Komabe, pali mphekesera zomwe Albert adakhala nalo nthawi isanadziwe kuti sanasankhidwe. Koma wasayansi adasankha kusakhala mu Stockholm kwa mphindi yofunika kwambiri.
Moyo Wanu
Moyo wa wasayansi wamkulu sheaves osangalatsa: Albert Einstein ndi munthu wachilendo. Amadziwika kuti sanakonde kuvala masokosi, komanso kudetsa mano. Kuphatikiza apo, anali ndi chiyembekezo choyipa cha zinthu zosavuta, mwachitsanzo, pa nambala yafoni.
Albert anakwatirana mileya Marichi ali ndi zaka 26. Ngakhale panali ukwati wazaka 11, posakhalitsa okwatirana amasiyana ndi moyo wabanja, malinga ndi mphekesera, chifukwa chakuti Albert anali ndipo anali ndi zikhumbo zitatu. Komabe, adauza mkazi wake pangano lokhudza Cohabitation, malinga ndi momwe amayenera kutsatira mikhalidwe, mwachitsanzo, kuthetsa zinthu nthawi zambiri. Koma pansi pa mgwirizano, Milem ndi Albert sanapereke ubale uliwonse wachikondi: Okwatirana akalewo adagona mosiyana. Kuyambira ukwati woyamba, neurius anali ndi ana, mwana wam'ng'ono adamwalira, kuchipatala cha amisala, ndipo ndi wamkulu, wasayansi anali ndi chibwenzi.
Pambuyo pa chisudzulo ndi wasayansi wa mileya adakwatirana ndi Elsa Mentals, msuwani wake. Komabe, anali wosangalatsanso mwana wa Elzy, yemwe sanasangalale ndi munthu wina yemwe anali wamkulu wazaka 18 kuposa iye.
Ambiri amene anadziwa wasayansi ananena kuti anali munthu wabwino kwambiri, anali wokonzeka kudyetsa dzanja ndi kuzindikira zolakwa.
Chifukwa cha imfa ndi kukumbukira
Changu cha 1955, pakuyenda pakati pa Einstein ndi mnzake, kukambirana molakwika m'moyo ndi imfa, pomwe wasayansi wazaka 76 adanenanso kuti imfa imatinso mpumulo.
Pa Epulo 13, mkhalidwe wa Albert anayamba kuwonongeka kwambiri: madotolo amapezeka aneurysm, koma wasayansi anakana kugwiridwa. Albert anagona m'chipatala, komwe anasefukira mwadzidzidzi. Ananyoza mawu mchilankhulo chake, koma namwino sanawamvetsetse. Mkaziyo adayandikira pabedi la wodwalayo, koma Einstein adamwalira kale kuchokera ku hemorrhage kukhala pamimba yam'mimba pa Epulo 18, 1955. Onse omwe anali omwe amawadziwa adalabadira za iye monga munthu wofatsa komanso wabwino kwambiri. Izi zinali zotayika kwambiri za dziko lonse lasayansi.
Mawu
Nyuzipepala yakhungu pa Filosophy ndipo moyo ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Einstein adawoneka yekhayekha komanso amayang'ana pa moyo wawo wodziyimira pawokha.
- Pali njira ziwiri zokha zokhalira ndi moyo. Loyamba - ngati zozizwitsa kulibe. Lachiwiri - ngati kuti pali zodabwitsa kuzungulira.
- Ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi moyo wachimwemwe, muyenera kumangirizidwa ku cholinga, osati kwa anthu kapena zinthu.
- Malangizo akhoza kukutsogolerani ku chinthu cha B, ndi kulingalira - kulikonse ...
- Ngati chiphunzitso chakuyanjananso, Ajeremani anena kuti ndine waku Germany, ndi French - yomwe ndine nzika yadziko; Koma ngati chiphunzitso changa chikatsutsidwa, Chifalansa chimandilengeza ndi Chijeremani, ndipo Ajeremani ndi Myuda.
- Ngati kusokoneza patebulo kumatanthauza chisokonezo m'mutu, ndiye kodi tebulo lopanda kanthu limatanthauzanji?
- Matenda am'nyanja amachititsa ine anthu, osati nyanja. Koma ndili ndi mantha, sayansi sanapezebe mankhwala ochokera ku matendawa.
- Maphunziro ndizomwe zimatsalira pambuyo pa zomwe zinaphunziridwa kusukulu ziiwala.
- Tonse ndife ofanana. Koma ngati muweruza nsomba pakutha kwake kukwera pamtengo, amakhala moyo wonse, akudziona ngati wopusa.
- Chokhacho chomwe chimandilepheretsa kuchokera ku kuphunzira ndi maphunziro omwe ndidalandiridwa ndi ine.
- Kuchita masewerawa sikuyenera kuchita bwino, koma kuonetsetsa kuti moyo wanu ndi womveka.