Chiphunzitso
A George Bernard Shaw - Wosewera wamkulu wa Mphotho ya Nobel m'munda wa mabuku, wolemba wa seweroli ndi mabuku angapo.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Tchalitchi chamalonda chinabadwira ku Dublin, likulu la Ireland, mu 1856. Abambo a John Show ogulitsidwa tirigu, koma posakhalitsa adawotchedwa ndipo pang'onopang'ono amasokoneza. Mayi Lucinda akuwonetsa anali woyimba waluso. Kuphatikiza pa Bernard m'banjamo, ana awiri ena anakula, Lucinda Frances ndi Elinor Agnes.
Ali mwana, mnyamatayo adachezera Dublin College Wesley, ndipo kuyambira zaka khumi ndi chimodzi - Sukulu ya Chipulotesitanti, komwe zidalipira mwapadera osati sayansi yolondola, koma kukula kwa uzimu kwa ana. Nthawi yomweyo, abusawo sanachotse zilango zakuthupi ndikuwatsanulira ana okhala ndi ndodo, zomwe, monga zimaganiziridwa, tinangokondera.
Brenard wachichepere sakanatha kulekerera kusukulu komanso dongosolo lonse la maphunziro, lomwe adamuwona kuchokera ku benchi kusukulu. Pambuyo pake, adakumbukira izi zinali zazing'ono kwambiri, ngati si wophunzira womaliza mkalasi.
Ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu, chiwonetserocho chidakhala ndi kalaliki muofesi, yomwe idayamba kugulitsa malo. Makolowo analibe ndalama zolipira mwana wamwamuna kuti aziphunzira ku koleji, koma achibale anathandiza mnyamatayo kuti azikhala ndi mwayi panthawiyo. Pa ntchito yake, kuphatikizapo zopereka zopereka ndalama zochokera kwa osauka. Zikumbukiro za nthawi yovutayi zinkawoneka mu imodzi mwa "sewero yosasangalatsa" yotchedwa "Nyumba Yamasiye".
Mnyamatayo atakhala khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, amayi ake, akutenga ana aakazi onse, adaponya bambo ake ndikuchoka ku London. Bernard adakhalabe ndi abambo ake ku Dublin, akupitiliza ntchito yake m'malo ogulitsa. Pambuyo pa zaka zinayi zaka zinayi, mu 1876, chiwonetserochi chidapitabe kwa amayi kupita ku London, komwe adayamba kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndipo adapeza ntchito kumodzi mwa manyuzipepala amodzi.
Chilengedwa
Poyamba, pofika ku London, Bernard Shaw adayendera ma keralarial ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zakale, kudzaza mipata m'mapanga awo. Amayi osewera adapeza ndalama, kupereka maphunziro, ndi mwana ndi mutu wake adapita kukakumana ndi mavuto andale.
Mu 1884, chiwonetserochi chinagwirizana ndi gulu la Fabian, lotchulidwa motero polemekeza walamulo la Roma la Roma. Fakey adapambana adani chifukwa cha kuchepa, kusamala komanso kudikirira. Lingaliro lalikulu la Fakies linali loti chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe chokhacho chomwe chingapangitse chitukuko chowonjezera cha UK, koma dzikolo liyenera kubwera kwa iye pang'onopang'ono, popanda matope ndi chipongwe.
Munthawi yomweyo ku Britain Museum, Bernard Shaw adakumana ndi wolemba worcher, atatha kulumikizana nawo mtsogolo momwe banja linaganiza zoyesera paulimi. Poyamba ankagwira ntchito yofananira, ndiye kuti ankagwira ntchito kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi monga wotsutsa nyimbo mu magazini ya London, pambuyo pake anatsogolera mzatiyo kupatulira zisudzo za "Saterey Reeve".
Munthawi yomweyo ndi mtolankhani, chiwonetserochi chinayamba kulemba zolemba, yemwe panthawiyo palibe amene anayenera kufalitsa. Munthawi ya 1879 ndi 1883, Bernard Shaw adalemba zolemba zisanu, yoyamba yomwe idasindikizidwa mu 1886. Pambuyo pake, otsutsa, atawunikira zoyesayesa zoyambirira za Bernard Shaw, adazindikira kuti zowalazi zidawonekera mwa iwo mosiyanasiyana pantchitoyo: Kufotokozera mwachidule za zochitika ndi zokambirana.
Kutsutsa kwa chiwonetserochi kunafuna ntchito ya wolemba waku Norlyrian Ibsen. Mu 1891, adatulutsa bukuli "kubwereza kwa Ibsenism", momwe madera akuluakulu amasewera a Scandinavia Shed. Mu nthawi ya unyamata, chiwonetserochi patachitika patatenga nthawi yayitali chimakhala chongosewera, komanso ma melodramas ndi nthabwala. Ibsen, malinga ndi chiwonetserochi, adakhala wopanda nzeru ku sewero la ku Europe, kumulera ku gawo latsopano kudzera pa kutsegulidwa kwa pachimake ndi zokambirana pakati pa otchulidwa.
Kuuziridwa ndi maseweredwe a Ibsen, mu 1885 Bernard Showmes amalemba woyamba wa "sewero lake loyambirira lotchedwa" Nyumba Yakubadwa ". Amakhulupirira kuti kuchokera kuntchitoyi adayamba kupezeka kwa chiwonetserochi monga wolemba - kusewera. Nyengo yatsopano ya sewero la ku Europe, pachimake, otchuka, omangidwa pamikangano ndi zokambirana, sanabadwe apa, osati pa ntchito zogwira ntchito.
Komanso adatsata sewerolo "volokita" ndi "akatswiri Akazi a War., akuwomba primanory England England ndi miyeso yovuta kwambiri, malo omwe sanali owona ndi oona. Ngwazi yayikulu ya "ntchito ya Akazi a War. Ndi hule yemwe amapanga ndalama ndi luso lakale ndipo sapereka njirayi yopezera ndalama.
Mosiyana ndi izi zomwe mayi wina akugulitsayo ndi mwana wawo wamkazi. Mtsikanayo, ataphunzira za zomwe amayi amapeza, amasiya nyumbayo kuti apeze ndalama zopezera ndalama. Mu ntchitoyi, chiwonetserochi chikuwonetsa bwino chikhalidwe cha kusinthaku, kuwukitsa atsopano ku mabuku achingelezi ndi mathami, owopsa komanso andale komanso ochezeka. Mitundu ya Dernard Ren Bernard imakwaniritsa nthabwala yochenjera komanso ya satire, kotero kuti madoko ake amakhala ndi chidwi chapadera komanso mphamvu ya ulaliki.
Popeza anali atapanga zizolowezi zake sizinamvedwe kale, chiwonetserochi "chotsogola": "Zida ndi Munthu", "lingaliro - Onani", "Masy".
Kumapeto kwa zaka zambiri, wolemba wokhwima, munthu yemwe anali ndi dziko lapansi yemwe amapangidwa mokwanira amapanga Babara wamkulu, Kaisara ndi Cleopatra, "Pygalion".
Pygmalion ndi chimodzi mwa zidutswa za Bernard Shaw, chinthu chovuta kwambiri, cha mitundu yambiri komanso chovuta, chomwe chimaperekedwa m'mabuku ambiri ndi zokolola zasayansi. Pakatikati pa nkhaniyo, chipwirikiti cha wogulitsa wosauka wa maluwa a Eliza Dulitle ndi olemera, a Hunman wapamwamba kwambiri. Omaliza akufuna kupanga dona wa kuwala kwambiri kuchokera ku maluwa am'mimba, monga momwe ma pygmalion amapangira galala lake kuchokera pachimake.
Kusintha kwamphamvu kwa Eltundu kumathandizira kuwonetsa mikhalidwe ya uzimu, kukhazikika kwa pakati, ulemu kwa wopanga maluwa osavuta. Mkangano wachisoni wa amuna awiri akuwopseza kuti atembenukire kwa msungwanayo, kukongola kwamkati komwe sanawone
ICOMIC yotsatira ya wosewerayo inali kusewera "nyumba yomwe mitima" yolembedwa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse. Wowonetsera mosasamala alcIentsia ndi zonona za Sosal Socied kuti adagwera dzikolo ndi ku Europe yonse mu kuwonongeka ndi mantha. Mu ntchitoyi, mphamvu ya Ibsen ndi Chephiv pazachiwonetserochi imatsata. Settyric Drama imapeza mawonekedwe a grotosque, kulingalira ndi kuwonekera.
Nkhondoyo inavomerezedwanso momveka bwino pakudzipereka kwake ku malingaliro okhudza chikhalidwe cha anthu. Iye mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake apitiliza kukhulupilila kuti Yacisisland Russia ndi chitsanzo kwa dziko lonse lotukuka, ndipo magwiridwe antchito a USC ndi owona ndi olondola. Pamapeto pa moyo wa chiwonetsero chidayamba kudzipereka ku boma lakale ndipo mpaka adayendera USSR mu 1931.
Kwa kanthawi kochepa, osewererawo anali kutsamira kuti omwe yekha ndi amene angatsogolereni pagulu ndi dziko, koma atalowa mphamvu ku Germany, Hitler adakana lingaliro loterolo.
Mu 1923, dziko lapansi lidawona zabwino koposa, malinga ndi akatswiri otsutsa a Bernard Shaw, kusewera "Woyera John, Imfa Yopatulira kwa Jeanne D'ark. Kutsatira pambuyo pake "Grarky, koma kwenikweni", "omembala", "mikala", "a Geneva", "," a Geneva ",", "onenepa", "
A Bernard atamwalira, anthu ambiri kumayiko osiyanasiyana adamwalira, ali pagawo la Inscal ndipo lero, ndipo ntchito zina zapeza moyo watsopano m'makanema. Chifukwa chake, mu 1974, filimuyo "miliyoni" idatulutsidwa mu Soviet Union pa Schoous, yomwe idachita bwino. Maudindowa adachitidwa ndi yu. Borisov, V. Avnaev, V. Etuude, yuvlev ndi ochita zina.
Moyo Wanu
Mu 1898, Bernard Shaw anakwatirana ndi Charlotte pein-taxi, omwe wolemba adakumana naye ku Fabian Society. Mtsikanayo anali wolowa m'malo mwake wolemera, koma Bernard sanasangalale ndi mamiliyoni. Mu 1925, iyenso anakana kulandira mphotho ya Nobele, ndipo ndalamazo zinayenera kulandira ma caassador arthur duff. Pambuyo pake, ndalamazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chilengedwe cha thumba kwa omasulira.
Arlette Bernard akuwonetsa akhala moyo m'moyo wa zaka makumi anayi, mpaka kumwalira kwake. Iwo analibe ana. Inde, ukwati si wangwiro nthawi zonse, ndipo pakati pa chiwonetsero ndi mkazi wake, nawonso, padalinso mikangano.
Chifukwa chake, adasemphanatu kuti wolemba adakonda mnzake wotchuka patrick Patrick Patrick Complull Campbell, pomwe adalemba "Pyglmalion", wopangidwa ndi a Eliz Dilitl.
Imfa
Hafu yachiwiri ya moyo wa omwe adakhala ku Hartfordshire, kumene a Charlotte anali ndi nyumba yokhazikika yolowera ku Greenery. Wolemba anali ndi moyo ndipo anagwira kumeneko kuyambira 1906 mpaka 1950, mpaka imfa.
Pamapeto pa moyo, kutayika kwa wolemba wina pambuyo pake. Mu 1940, Stella anamwalira, okondedwa ake osavomerezeka, omwe anali akubwezeranso zosewerera. Mu 1943, Charlotte Wokhulupirika adasiya moyo. Miyezi yomaliza ya moyo wa Bernard idamangidwa kukagona. Molimba mtima anamwalira molimba mtima, kuzindikira kutha. Bernard Shaw sanakhale Novembala 2, 1950. Malinga ndi kufuna kwa wolemba, thupi lake lidatenthedwa, ndipo fumbi lidasokonekera pamodzi ndi phulusa la wokondedwa wake wokondedwa.
Mawu ndi ma aphorisms
- Ngati muli ndi apulo ndipo ndili ndi apulo, ndipo ngati tisinthana maapulo awa, ndiye kuti muli ndi apulo imodzi. Ndipo ngati muli ndi lingaliro ndipo ndili ndi lingaliro, ndipo timasinthana malingaliro, aliyense wa ife adzakhala ndi malingaliro awiri.
- Tchimo lalikulu kwambiri pokhudzana ndi mnansi - osati chidani, koma kupanda chidwi; Ndiwo nsonga kwenikweni ya kukwiya.
- Mwamuna wangwiro ndi munthu amene amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi mkazi wabwino.
- Yemwe amadziwa momwe amachitira omwe sadziwa momwe amaphunzitsira ena.
M'bali
- "Kuchita chipongwe (1879);
- "Dzino lopanda tanthauzo" (1880);
- "Chikondi cha Artistis" (1881);
- "Ntchito ya Kashel Byrona" (1882);
- "Osati kucheza ndi anthu" (1882).